Evaluation of Perceived Stress Level and Emotional Eating Behaviors of Sports College Students During COVID-19 Pandemic

Ramazan Güneşer; Aydın Him

doi:10.31832/smj.871642

Research Article

Evaluation of Perceived Stress Level and Emotional Eating Behaviors of Sports College Students During COVID-19 Pandemic

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 434 - 441, 29.06.2021

Ramazan Güneşer Aydın Him

https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.871642

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the perceived stress level and emotional eating behaviors of sports college students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 122 volunteer students studying at the Faculty of Sports Sciences of Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University. The data was collected online through the socio-demographic data form, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Emotional Eating Scale.
Results: The perceived stress scale score average of the students was 28.93±7.54, with 37.7% (n=46) having a low stress level, 58.2% (n=71) having a moderate stress level and 4.1% (n=5) having a high stress level. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of emotional eating behavior scores (p=0,132). Both perceived stress level scores (P=0.044) and emotional eating behavior scores (p=0.001) of female students were significantly higher compared to male students. Both perceived stress scale scores (p=0.002) and emotional eating behavior scores (p=0.029) of the students with BMI<25 were statistically higher compared to the students with BMI> 25.
Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic had a number of negative effects on students' stress levels and emotional eating behaviors. It is thought that quarantine measures that is applied to prevent transmission and spread of the disease, concerns about the disease and school education may contribute to these negative effects. During COVID-19 pandemic it is important to keep the immune system strong by preventing mood changes and related emotional eating behavior.

Keywords

COVID-19, Perceived stress, Emotional eating, Quarantina, Circadian rhythm

Thanks

Authors would like to thank Dr. Oya Kalaycıoğlu, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University for her contributions.

References

1. Hammami A, Harrabi B, Mohr M, Krustrup P. Physical activity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): specific recommendations for home-based physical training. Managing Sport Leisure 2020; 20(0): 1-6. doi: 10.1080/23750472.2020.1757494.
2. Wu KK, Chan SK, Ma TM. Posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depression in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). J Trauma Stress 2005; 18(1):39-42. doi:10.1002/jts.20004.
3. Centers for disease control and prevention. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Stress and Coping. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/managing-stress-anxiety.html. Cited: 2019 Jul 5.
4. Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği. Karantinanın Ruhsal Etkileri ve Koruyucu Önlemler. Available at: https://www.psikiyatri.org.tr/TPDData/Uploads/files/KarantinaCOVID.pdf. Cited: 2019 Jul 2.
5. Burtscher J, Burtscher M, Millet GP. (Indoor) isolation, stress and physical inactivity: vicious circles accelerated by Covid-19. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 10.1111/sms.13706. doi:10.1111/sms.13706.
6. Zandifar A, Badrfam R. Iranian mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 51: 101990. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101990.
7. Moynihan AB, Van Tilburg WA, Igou ER, Wisman A, Donnelly AE, Mulcaire JB. Eaten up by boredom: consuming food to escape awareness of the bored self. Front Psychol 2015; 6: 369. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00369.
8. Eskici G. COVID-19 Pandemisi: karantina için beslenme önerileri. Anatol Clin 2020; 25(1):124-9.
9. Economy, AM. Exploring the association between emotions and eating behavior. Winona State University, Master’s thesis, 2013, USA.
10. Macht M. Characteristics of eating in anger, fear, sadness and joy. Appetite 1999; 33(1): 129-139. doi:10.1006/appe.1999.0236.
11. Güzel Özdemir P, Özışık M. COVİD-19 and circadian rhythm. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2020; 20(3): 336.
12. Bryson WJ. Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders and the COVID-19 pandemic. J Clin Sleep Med 2020;16(8):1423. doi:10.5664/jcsm.8540.
13. Ceylan Hİ, Saygın Ö, Türkcü ÜÖ. Obezite, Aerobik Egzersiz ve Sirkadiyen Ritim İlişkisi. İstanbul: Gece Akademi; 2011.
14. Cohen S, Kamarck T, Melmersteın R. A Global Measure of Perceived Stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 1983; 24: 385-96.
15. Baltaş Z, Atakuman Y, Duman Y. Standardization of the Perceived Stress Scale: Perceived Stress in Turkish Middle Managers. Stress and Anxiety Research Society 19th International Conference, 1988, İstanbul.
16. Doğan T, Göçet Tekin E, Katrancıoğlu A. Feeding your feelings: A self-report measure of emotional eating. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 2011; 15: 2074-2077.
17. Tecirli ND, Ucuz G, Özel F. Isolation, Quarantine, Social Distancing and Mental Health. The Bulletin of Legal Medicine 2020; 25: 32-8.
18. Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Savastano S, Colao A. Nutritional recommendations for COVID-19 quarantine. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 74(6): 850-1. doi:10.1038/s41430-020-0635-2.
19. Naja F, Hamadeh R. Nutrition amid the COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-level framework for action. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 74(8): 1117-21. doi:10.1038/s41430-020-0634-3.
20. Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, Han M, Xu X, Dong J et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res 2020; 287:112934. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934.
21. Xiao H, Zhang Y, Kong D, Li S, Yang N. Social Capital and Sleep Quality in Individuals Who Self-Isolated for 14 Days During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in January 2020 in China. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26: e923921. doi:10.12659/MSM.923921.
22. Sahu P. Closure of Universities Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Impact on Education and Mental Health of Students and Academic Staff. Cureus 2020; 12(4): e7541. doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7541.
23. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho C et al. Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17(5): 1729. doi:10.3390/ijerph17051729.
24. OA Şener. Spor Eğitimi Alan Bireylerde Vücut İmajı, Benlik Tasarımı ve Stres Düzeyi. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 2018; 11,60.
25. Çelik OB, Esentürk OK, İlhan EL. Sporcularla Sedanter Bireylerin Olumlu Düşünme Becerileri Üzerine Bir Karşılaştırma. Ulusal Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 2020; 4(1): 50-8.
26. Herman JP, McKlveen JM, Ghosal S, Kopp B, Wulsin A, Makinson R et al. Regulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Stress Response. Comprehensive Physiology 2016; 6(2): 603–21. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c150015.
27. E Tanrıverdi. Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Duygusal Yeme Davranışlarının ve Duygusal İştahlarının İncelenmesi: Çağ Üniversitesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2020, İstanbul.
28. Serin Y, Şanlıer N (2018). Duygusal yeme, besin alımını etkileyen faktörler ve temel hemşirelik yaklaşımları. J Psychiatric Nurs 2018; 9(2): 135-46.
29. Çakaroğlu D, Ömer EH, Arslan C. Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Yeme Tutumu, Yeme Farkındalığı ve Sosyal Görünüş Kaygısının Değerlendirilmesi (Siirt İli Örneği). Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 2020; 14(1): 1-12.
30. Tan CC, Chow CM. Stress and emotional eating: The mediating role of eating dysregulation. Personality and Individual Differences 2014; 66:1–4.
31. Larsen JK, van Strien T, Eisinga R, Engels RC. Gender differences in the association between alexithymia and emotional eating in obese individuals. J Psychosom Res 2006; 60(3): 237-243. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2005.07.006.
32. Budak F, Korkmaz Ş. COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecine Yönelik Genel Bir Değerlendirme: Türkiye Örneği. Sosyal Araştırmalar ve Yönetim Dergisi 2020; 1: 62-79.
33. Nguyen-Rodriguez ST, Chou CP, Unger JB, Spruijt-Metz D. BMI as a moderator of perceived stress and emotional eating in adolescents. Eat Behav 2008; 9(2): 238-46. doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2007.09.001.
34. Aslan H, Erdağı K, Işık B, Erdoğan M, Güvenç A. Genç Sporcu ve Antrenörlerde Sigara İçme Alışkanlık ve Davranışları. Mediterranean Journal Of Humanities 2017; 7(1): 41-55.
35. Sönmez Ö, Taşdemir ZA, Kara HV, Akçay Ş. COVID-19 ve Tütün. Corona Virüs Hastalığı 2019. Eurasian Journal of Pulmonology 2020; 22-27.
36. Çetin E. Melatonin ve Bağışıklık Sistemi. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg 2005; 2(2): 119-123.
37. Anderson G. Psychological Stress and Covid-19: Interactions with Gut Microbiome and Circadian Rhythm in Driving Symptom Severity. Braz J Psychiatry 2020;doi:1111./1111 (in press).
38. Kassir R. Risk of COVID-19 for patients with obesity. Obesity reviews: an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity 2020; 21(6): e13034. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.1303436.
39. Stefan, N, Birkenfeld AL, Schulze MB, Ludwig DS. Obesity and impaired metabolic health in patients with COVID-19. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16: 341–2. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-020-0364-6.
40. Gallo LA, Gallo TF, Young SL, Moritz KM, Akison LK. The Impact of Isolation Measures Due to COVID-19 on Energy Intake and Physical Activity Levels in Australian University Students. Nutrients 2020; 12(6): 1865 doi:10.3390/nu12061865.
41. Gürbüz P. COVID-19 and Obesity: A Systematic Review. Journal of Inonu University Health Services Vocational School 2020; 8: 506-14. doi: 10.33715/inonusaglik.735600.
42. Woods J, Hutchinson N, Powers S, Roberts W, Gomez Cebrera M, Radak Z et al. The COVID-19 pandemic and physical activity. Sports Medicine and Health Science 2020; 2(2): 55-64.

COVİD-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Spor Koleji Öğrencilerinin Stres Düzeyi ve Duygusal Yeme Davranışlarının Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 434 - 441, 29.06.2021

Ramazan Güneşer Aydın Him

https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.871642

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı, COVİD-19 pandemi sürecinde spor koleji öğrencilerinin algılanan stres düzeyi ve duygusal yeme davranışlarının araştırılmasıdır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesinde öğrenim gören 122 gönüllü öğrenci üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler, sosyo-demografik veri formu, Algılanan Stres Ölçeği ve Duygusal Yeme Ölçeği aracılığıyla online olarak toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Öğrencilerin algılanan stres ölçeği puan ortalamaları 28,93±7,54 idi ve %37,7’si (n=46) düşük stres düzeyine, %58,2’si (n=71) orta stres düzeyine ve %4,1’i (n=5) yüksek stres düzeyine sahipti. Algılanan stres düzeyi kategorisine göre duygusal yeme davranış puanlarının karşılaştırılmasında, gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark yoktu (p=0,132). Kız öğrencilerin hem algılanan stres düzeyi puanları (P=0,044) hem de duygusal yeme davranış puanları (P=0,001) erkek öğrencilere kıyasla anlamlı şekilde yüksek bulundu. BKİ (Beden Kitle İndeksi) 25’ten küçük öğrencilerin hem algılanan stres ölçeği puanları (p=0,002) hem de duygusal yeme ölçeği puanları (p=0,029) BKİ 25’ten büyük öğrencilere kıyasla istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu.
Sonuç: COVİD-19 pandemi süreci, öğrencilerin stres düzeyleri ve duygusal yeme davranışları üzerine birtakım olumsuz etkilere neden olmuştur. Hastalığın bulaşması ve yayılmasını önlemek için uygulanan karantina tedbirlerinin, hastalık ve eğitim-öğretim süreci ile ilgili endişelerin bu olumsuzluklara katkısının olabileceği düşünülmektedir. COVİD-19 pandemi sürecinde, değişen duygu durumu ve buna bağlı oluşabilecek duygusal yeme davranışının önüne geçerek bağışıklık sistemini güçlü tutmak büyük önem arz etmektedir.

Keywords

COVID-19, Algılanan stres, Duygusal yeme, Karantina, Sirkadiyen ritm

References

1. Hammami A, Harrabi B, Mohr M, Krustrup P. Physical activity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): specific recommendations for home-based physical training. Managing Sport Leisure 2020; 20(0): 1-6. doi: 10.1080/23750472.2020.1757494.
2. Wu KK, Chan SK, Ma TM. Posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depression in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). J Trauma Stress 2005; 18(1):39-42. doi:10.1002/jts.20004.
3. Centers for disease control and prevention. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Stress and Coping. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/managing-stress-anxiety.html. Cited: 2019 Jul 5.
4. Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği. Karantinanın Ruhsal Etkileri ve Koruyucu Önlemler. Available at: https://www.psikiyatri.org.tr/TPDData/Uploads/files/KarantinaCOVID.pdf. Cited: 2019 Jul 2.
5. Burtscher J, Burtscher M, Millet GP. (Indoor) isolation, stress and physical inactivity: vicious circles accelerated by Covid-19. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 10.1111/sms.13706. doi:10.1111/sms.13706.
6. Zandifar A, Badrfam R. Iranian mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 51: 101990. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101990.
7. Moynihan AB, Van Tilburg WA, Igou ER, Wisman A, Donnelly AE, Mulcaire JB. Eaten up by boredom: consuming food to escape awareness of the bored self. Front Psychol 2015; 6: 369. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00369.
8. Eskici G. COVID-19 Pandemisi: karantina için beslenme önerileri. Anatol Clin 2020; 25(1):124-9.
9. Economy, AM. Exploring the association between emotions and eating behavior. Winona State University, Master’s thesis, 2013, USA.
10. Macht M. Characteristics of eating in anger, fear, sadness and joy. Appetite 1999; 33(1): 129-139. doi:10.1006/appe.1999.0236.
11. Güzel Özdemir P, Özışık M. COVİD-19 and circadian rhythm. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2020; 20(3): 336.
12. Bryson WJ. Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders and the COVID-19 pandemic. J Clin Sleep Med 2020;16(8):1423. doi:10.5664/jcsm.8540.
13. Ceylan Hİ, Saygın Ö, Türkcü ÜÖ. Obezite, Aerobik Egzersiz ve Sirkadiyen Ritim İlişkisi. İstanbul: Gece Akademi; 2011.
14. Cohen S, Kamarck T, Melmersteın R. A Global Measure of Perceived Stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 1983; 24: 385-96.
15. Baltaş Z, Atakuman Y, Duman Y. Standardization of the Perceived Stress Scale: Perceived Stress in Turkish Middle Managers. Stress and Anxiety Research Society 19th International Conference, 1988, İstanbul.
16. Doğan T, Göçet Tekin E, Katrancıoğlu A. Feeding your feelings: A self-report measure of emotional eating. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 2011; 15: 2074-2077.
17. Tecirli ND, Ucuz G, Özel F. Isolation, Quarantine, Social Distancing and Mental Health. The Bulletin of Legal Medicine 2020; 25: 32-8.
18. Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Savastano S, Colao A. Nutritional recommendations for COVID-19 quarantine. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 74(6): 850-1. doi:10.1038/s41430-020-0635-2.
19. Naja F, Hamadeh R. Nutrition amid the COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-level framework for action. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 74(8): 1117-21. doi:10.1038/s41430-020-0634-3.
20. Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, Han M, Xu X, Dong J et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res 2020; 287:112934. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934.
21. Xiao H, Zhang Y, Kong D, Li S, Yang N. Social Capital and Sleep Quality in Individuals Who Self-Isolated for 14 Days During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in January 2020 in China. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26: e923921. doi:10.12659/MSM.923921.
22. Sahu P. Closure of Universities Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Impact on Education and Mental Health of Students and Academic Staff. Cureus 2020; 12(4): e7541. doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7541.
23. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho C et al. Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17(5): 1729. doi:10.3390/ijerph17051729.
24. OA Şener. Spor Eğitimi Alan Bireylerde Vücut İmajı, Benlik Tasarımı ve Stres Düzeyi. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 2018; 11,60.
25. Çelik OB, Esentürk OK, İlhan EL. Sporcularla Sedanter Bireylerin Olumlu Düşünme Becerileri Üzerine Bir Karşılaştırma. Ulusal Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 2020; 4(1): 50-8.
26. Herman JP, McKlveen JM, Ghosal S, Kopp B, Wulsin A, Makinson R et al. Regulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Stress Response. Comprehensive Physiology 2016; 6(2): 603–21. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c150015.
27. E Tanrıverdi. Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Duygusal Yeme Davranışlarının ve Duygusal İştahlarının İncelenmesi: Çağ Üniversitesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2020, İstanbul.
28. Serin Y, Şanlıer N (2018). Duygusal yeme, besin alımını etkileyen faktörler ve temel hemşirelik yaklaşımları. J Psychiatric Nurs 2018; 9(2): 135-46.
29. Çakaroğlu D, Ömer EH, Arslan C. Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Yeme Tutumu, Yeme Farkındalığı ve Sosyal Görünüş Kaygısının Değerlendirilmesi (Siirt İli Örneği). Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 2020; 14(1): 1-12.
30. Tan CC, Chow CM. Stress and emotional eating: The mediating role of eating dysregulation. Personality and Individual Differences 2014; 66:1–4.
31. Larsen JK, van Strien T, Eisinga R, Engels RC. Gender differences in the association between alexithymia and emotional eating in obese individuals. J Psychosom Res 2006; 60(3): 237-243. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2005.07.006.
32. Budak F, Korkmaz Ş. COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecine Yönelik Genel Bir Değerlendirme: Türkiye Örneği. Sosyal Araştırmalar ve Yönetim Dergisi 2020; 1: 62-79.
33. Nguyen-Rodriguez ST, Chou CP, Unger JB, Spruijt-Metz D. BMI as a moderator of perceived stress and emotional eating in adolescents. Eat Behav 2008; 9(2): 238-46. doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2007.09.001.
34. Aslan H, Erdağı K, Işık B, Erdoğan M, Güvenç A. Genç Sporcu ve Antrenörlerde Sigara İçme Alışkanlık ve Davranışları. Mediterranean Journal Of Humanities 2017; 7(1): 41-55.
35. Sönmez Ö, Taşdemir ZA, Kara HV, Akçay Ş. COVID-19 ve Tütün. Corona Virüs Hastalığı 2019. Eurasian Journal of Pulmonology 2020; 22-27.
36. Çetin E. Melatonin ve Bağışıklık Sistemi. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg 2005; 2(2): 119-123.
37. Anderson G. Psychological Stress and Covid-19: Interactions with Gut Microbiome and Circadian Rhythm in Driving Symptom Severity. Braz J Psychiatry 2020;doi:1111./1111 (in press).
38. Kassir R. Risk of COVID-19 for patients with obesity. Obesity reviews: an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity 2020; 21(6): e13034. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.1303436.
39. Stefan, N, Birkenfeld AL, Schulze MB, Ludwig DS. Obesity and impaired metabolic health in patients with COVID-19. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16: 341–2. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-020-0364-6.
40. Gallo LA, Gallo TF, Young SL, Moritz KM, Akison LK. The Impact of Isolation Measures Due to COVID-19 on Energy Intake and Physical Activity Levels in Australian University Students. Nutrients 2020; 12(6): 1865 doi:10.3390/nu12061865.
41. Gürbüz P. COVID-19 and Obesity: A Systematic Review. Journal of Inonu University Health Services Vocational School 2020; 8: 506-14. doi: 10.33715/inonusaglik.735600.
42. Woods J, Hutchinson N, Powers S, Roberts W, Gomez Cebrera M, Radak Z et al. The COVID-19 pandemic and physical activity. Sports Medicine and Health Science 2020; 2(2): 55-64.

There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Health Care Administration
Journal Section	Articles
Authors	Ramazan Güneşer 0000-0001-7877-4397 Aydın Him 0000-0003-3279-1524
Publication Date	June 29, 2021
Submission Date	January 31, 2021
Published in Issue	Year 2021 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

AMA	Güneşer R, Him A. Evaluation of Perceived Stress Level and Emotional Eating Behaviors of Sports College Students During COVID-19 Pandemic. Sakarya Tıp Dergisi. June 2021;11(2):434-441. doi:10.31832/smj.871642

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