Forecasting the number of foreign tourists visiting Indonesia during the Covid-19 Pandemic

https://doi.org/10.35912/joste.v2i4.945
Published: Mar 10, 2022

Abstract:

Purpose: This study aims to predict the number of foreign tourists who come to Indonesia during the pandemic.

Research Methodology: Forecasting using the Holt-Winters Multiplicative method and secondary data, namely the number of foreign tourists visiting Indonesia obtained from the website of the Central Statistics Agency.

Results: Based on the forecast, in November and December 2021, the number of foreign tourists visiting Indonesia will increase because it coincides with the Christmas and New Year holidays. However, from January-October 2022, the visit rate continued to decline. The possibility of an increase in confirmed cases of COVID-19 due to the December forecast, namely the increased mobility of people to tourist destinations to spend the holiday, could be due to the global economic crisis due to COVID-19 cases.

Limitations: The number of foreign tourist visits data on the Central Bureau of Statistics website is only available from early 2017 to October 2021.

Contribution: Forecasting results can be used as a reference for the Indonesian government in formulating policies in anticipating the arrival of foreign tourists during the pandemic so that the recovery of the economic sector can be maximized.

Keywords:
1. Covid-19 pandemic
2. Forecasting foreign tourists
3. Indonesian tourism
4. Lockdown
Authors:
1 . Retnaning Ayu Dyah Sawitri
Accounting Department, State Polytechnic of Malang, Malang, Indonesia
2 . Nurafni Eltivia
Accounting Department, State Polytechnic of Malang, Malang, Indonesia
3 . Nur Indah Riwajanti
Accounting Department, State Polytechnic of Malang, Malang, Indonesia
View PDF
How to Cite
Sawitri, R. A. D., Eltivia, N., & Riwajanti, N. I. (2022). Forecasting the number of foreign tourists visiting Indonesia during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Entrepreneurship, 2(4), 233–251. https://doi.org/10.35912/joste.v2i4.945
Download Citation
  1. Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
  2. BibTeX

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
Issue & Section
Vol. 2 No. 4 (2021): June
Articles
References

    Aliansyah, H., & Hermawan, W. (2019). Peran Sektor Pariwisata Pada Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Kabupaten/Kota Di Jawa Barat. Bina Ekonomi, 23(1), 39–55. https://doi.org/10.26593/be.v23i1.4654.39-55

    Astiti, N. K. A. (2016). Mengoptimalkan Sumber Daya Arkeologi (Studi Kasus Sumber Daya Arkeologi di Provinsi Papua) (Optimizing Tourisme Attractions for Cultural Endurance: A Case Study of Archaeological Resources in Papua). Jurnal Papua, 8(2), 161–178.

    Bali.bps.go.id. (2022). Banyaknya Wisatawan Mancanegara Bulanan ke Bali Menurut Pintu Masuk. Retrieved February 22, 2022, from https://bali.bps.go.id/indicator/16/106/3/banyaknya-wisatawan-mancanegara-bulanan-ke-bali-menurut-pintu-masuk.html

    Bitok, K. (2020). Sustainable tourism and economic growth nexus in Kenya: policy implications for post-Covid-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Entrepreneurship, 1(2), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.35912/joste.v1i2.209

    Darma, I. W. A. S., Gunawan, I. P. E. G., & Sutramiani, N. P. (2020). Peramalan Jumlah Kunjungan Wisatawan Menggunakan Triple Exponential Smoothing. Jurnal Ilmiah Merpati, 8(3), 211–221.

    Detik.com. (2021). Heboh Varian Baru “Covid-22”, Ini Klarifikasi Ilmuwan Pencetusnya. Retrieved December 12, 2021, from Detik.com website: https://health.detik.com/berita-detikhealth/d-5696356/heboh-varian-baru-covid-22-ini-klarifikasi-ilmuwan-pencetusnya?_ga=2.217551638.103876503.1639298428-1244150397.1637468465

    Dinkes.gorontaloprov. (2020). WHO Tetapkan Covid-19 sebagai Pandemi. Retrieved from https://dinkes.gorontaloprov.go.id/who-tetapkan-covid-19-sebagai-pandemi/

    Dzulfaroh, A. N. (2021). Hari Ini dalam Sejarah: WHO Tetapkan Covid-19 sebagai Pandemi Global. Retrieved December 2, 2021, from Kompas.com website: https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2021/03/11/104000165/hari-ini-dalam-sejarah--who-tetapkan-covid-19-sebagai-pandemi-global?page=all

    Gegung, E. M. (2021). Pariwisata Internasional dan Covid-19 Pandemi: Penggunaan Virtual Reality untuk Meningkatkan Pariwisata Keberlanjutan Destinasi dan Bagaimana Pengguna Memperhatikan Keaslian Pengalaman VR. 15(1), 9–15.

    Hartono. (2020). Penilaian Dalam Kondisi “Ketidakpastian.” Retrieved February 23, 2022, from https://www.djkn.kemenkeu.go.id/artikel/baca/13209/Penilaian-Dalam-Kondisi-Ketidakpastian.html

    Indonesia.go.id. (2019). Indonesia Serpihan Surga. Retrieved from https://indonesia.go.id/kategori/budaya/423/indonesia-serpihan-surga

    Jannah, M. F. (2020). Peningkatan Ekonomi Di Tengah Pandemi Dalam Menunjang Pergerakan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Surabaya. Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian, 1(7), 1–6.

    Kemenparekraf. (2021). Tren Pariwisata di Tengah Pandemi. Retrieved December 2, 2021, from https://kemenparekraf.go.id/ragam-pariwisata/Tren-Pariwisata-Indonesia-di-Tengah-Pandemi

    Konarasinghe, K. M. U. . (2016). Forecasting Tourist Arrivals to Sri Lanka Using Seasonal ARIMA. International Journal of Novel Research in Physics Chemistry & Mathematics, 3(1), 57–63.

    Kustiawan, F. R., & Hudori. (2017). Forecasting Jumlah Wisatawan Di Taman Wisata Alam Kawah Ijen Dengan Metode Exponential Smoothing Berbantu Zaitun Time Series. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika & Matematika, I(1), 36–49.

    Lusiana, A., & Yuliarty, P. (2020). PENERAPAN METODE PERAMALAN (FORECASTING) PADA PERMINTAAN ATAP di PT X. Industri Inovatif : Jurnal Teknik Industri, 10(1), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.36040/industri.v10i1.2530

    Magelangkab.bps.go.id. (2022). Pengunjung Candi Borobudur. Retrieved February 22, 2022, from https://magelangkab.bps.go.id/indicator/16/327/2/pengunjung-candi-borobudur.html

    Makridakis, S., Wheelwright, S. C., & Mcgee, V. E. (1999). Metode dan Aplikasi Peramalan (Buku Kedua). Jakarta: Binarupa Aksara.

    Mulyani. (2020). Kondisi Ekonomi Akibat Covid-19 Diliputi Ketidakpastian Hingga Tahun Depan. Retrieved from https://lingkarkediri.pikiran-rakyat.com/nasional/pr-67785550/sri-mulyani-kondisi-ekonomi-akibat-covid-19-diliputi-ketidakpastian-hingga-tahun-depan?page=2

    Nasional.republika.co.id. (2019). Festival Bunaken Ditargetkan Tarik Kunjungan Wisman. Retrieved February 22, 2022, from https://nasional.republika.co.id/berita/ptnv82368/gaya-hidup/travelling/19/06/25/ptmy39328-festival-bunaken-ditargetkan-tarik-kunjungan-wisman

    Nasir, M., S., & Ahsan, M., Q. (2020). Coronavirus pandemic and its impacts on the world’s economy. Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Entrepreneurship, 1(4), 321–331. https://doi.org/10.35912/joste.v1i4.501

    Nurtoro, A. D. (2021). Profesor di Universitas ETH Zurich Swiss Jelaskan Maksud COVID 22 yang Berpotensi Terjadi di Tahun Depan. Retrieved January 27, 2022, from Newsmedia website: https://www.newsmedia.co.id/news-room/pr-60979385/profesor-di-universitas-eth-zurich-swiss-jelaskan-maksud-covid-22-yang-berpotensi-terjadi-di-tahun-depan

    Pardede. (2020). Ketidakpastian Akibat Covid-19 Hingga 2 Tahun ke Depan. Retrieved February 23, 2022, from https://www.beritasatu.com/ekonomi/683715/raden-pardede-ketidakpastian-akibat-covid19-hingga-2-tahun-ke-depan/

    Purwanto, A. (2021). Ekonomi Dunia pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19: dari Dampak hingga Proyeksi Pertumbuhan 2021-2022. Retrieved December 11, 2021, from Kompaspedia website: https://kompaspedia.kompas.id/baca/paparan-topik/ekonomi-dunia-di-masa-pandemi-covid-19-dari-dampak-hingga-proyeksi-pertumbuhan-2021-2022

    Qodar, N. (2021). Indonesia Memasuki Gelombang Kedua Covid-19, Seberapa Bahaya? Retrieved December 2, 2021, from Liputan6 website: https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/4595177/headline-indonesia-memasuki-gelombang-kedua-covid-19-seberapa-bahaya

    Rahmawati, F., Eltivia, N., Riwajanti, N. I., & Wahyuni, H. (2021). Does Pandemic Covid-19 Affect Foreign Tourist Visit in Jakarta? Proceedings of 2nd Annual Management, Business and Economic Conference (AMBEC 2020), 183(May 2020), 254–257. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.210717.051

    Rajaampatkab.bps.go.id. (2022). Jumlah Kunjungan Wisata. Retrieved February 22, 2022, from https://rajaampatkab.bps.go.id/indicator/16/217/1/jumlah-kunjungan-wisata.html

    Riestyaningrum, F., Ferdaos, E., & Bayramov, B. (2020). Customer behavior impact on international tourist’s travel intention due to Covid-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Entrepreneurship, 1(3), 231–243. https://doi.org/10.35912/joste.v1i3.367

    Roni, H., & Iswandi, I. (2020). Analisis Perkembangan Jumlah Wisatawan Mancanegara, Hutang Luar Negeri, Inflasi, BI Rate dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Melalui Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Jurnal Indonesia Membangun, 19(3), 107–120.

    Rukini, Arini, P. S., & Nawangsih, E. (2015). Peramalan Jumlah Kunjungan Wisatawan Mancanegara (Wisman) ke Bali Tahun 2019: Metode ARIMA. Jurnal Ekonomi Kuantitatif Terapan, 8(2), 136–141. https://doi.org/10.24843/mtk.2019.v08.i04.p269

    Santoso, A. (2021). Menakar Akar Penentu Pembelian Jasa Wisata Measuring the Root Determinant of Tourist Services Purchases. Jurnal Kepariwisataan Indonesia, 15(1), 1–8.

    Sarjono, H., & Abbas, B. S. (2017). Forecasting Aplikasi Penelitian Bisnis QM for Windows VS Minitab vs Manual. Jakarta: Mitra Wacana Media.

    Setyasih, I. (2021). Analisis Potensi Pulau Maratua Sebagai Destinasi Pariwisata Andalan Indonesia Timur. Indonesian Journal of Tourism and Leisure, 2(1), 14–25. https://doi.org/10.36256/ijtl.v2i1.124

    Soehardi, Siddha, A., Hardiyono, Siswanti, T., & Hardipamungkas, N. E. (2020). Pengaruh Pandemik Covid-19 Terhadap Wisatawan Mancanegara Dan Nusantara Serta Karyawan Perusahaan Penerbangan Di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Ubhara, 2(2), 46–61. https://doi.org/10.31599/jmu.v2i2.769

    Sugihamretha, I. D. G. (2020). Respon Kebijakan: Mitigasi Dampak Wabah Covid-19 Pada Sektor Pariwisata. Jurnal Perencanaan Pembangunan: The Indonesian Journal of Development Planning, 4(2), 191–206. https://doi.org/10.36574/jpp.v4i2.113

    Supriatna, A., Subartini, B., Hertini, E., & Riaman, R. (2017). Prediksi Wisatawan Mancanegara Ke Jawa Barat Melalui Pintu Masuk Bandara Husein Sastranegara dan Pelabuhan Muarajati Menggunakan Metode SARIMA. Prosiding Industrial Research Workshop and National Seminar, 8(3), 560–565.

    Tangian, D., Polii, B. D., & Mengko, S. M. H. (2019). Analisis Potensi Daya Tarik Wisata Kota Manado. Prosiding Seminar Nasional “Komunitas Dan Kota Keberlanjutan,” (September).

    Tanjung, S. I. (2021). Dampak Covid – 19 Dalam Stabilitas Ekonomi Politik Internasional. Ganaya : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora, 4(2), 654–671. https://doi.org/10.37329/ganaya.v4i2.1387

    Tanoesoedibjo, A. (2020). Penurunan Wisatawan Mancanegara. Retrieved December 10, 2021, from Liputan6 website: https://www.liputan6.com/lifestyle/read/4384912/kerugian-sektor-pariwisata-indonesia-atas-penurunan-wisatawan-mancanegara

    Thira, I. J., Mayangky, N. A., Kholifah, D. N., Balla, I., & Gata, W. (2019). Peramalan Data Kunjungan Wisatawan Mancanegara ke Indonesia menggunakan Fuzzy Time Series. Jurnal Edukasi Dan Penelitian Informatika (JEPIN), 5(1), 18–23. https://doi.org/10.26418/jp.v5i1.31074

    Utami, B. S. A., & Kafabih, A. (2021). Jurnal Dinamika Ekonomi Pembangunan ( JDEP ). JDEP (Jurnal Dinamika Ekonomi Pembangunan), 4(1), 383–389. Retrieved from http://jdep.upnjatim.ac.id/index.php/jdep/article/view/121

    Yahaya, A. M., Montiliat, A., & Salahudeen, H. (2020). The impact of Covid-19 lockdown on socio-economic activities in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Entrepreneurship, 2(1), 41–51. https://doi.org/10.35912/joste.v2i1.547

  1. Aliansyah, H., & Hermawan, W. (2019). Peran Sektor Pariwisata Pada Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Kabupaten/Kota Di Jawa Barat. Bina Ekonomi, 23(1), 39–55. https://doi.org/10.26593/be.v23i1.4654.39-55
  2. Astiti, N. K. A. (2016). Mengoptimalkan Sumber Daya Arkeologi (Studi Kasus Sumber Daya Arkeologi di Provinsi Papua) (Optimizing Tourisme Attractions for Cultural Endurance: A Case Study of Archaeological Resources in Papua). Jurnal Papua, 8(2), 161–178.
  3. Bali.bps.go.id. (2022). Banyaknya Wisatawan Mancanegara Bulanan ke Bali Menurut Pintu Masuk. Retrieved February 22, 2022, from https://bali.bps.go.id/indicator/16/106/3/banyaknya-wisatawan-mancanegara-bulanan-ke-bali-menurut-pintu-masuk.html
  4. Bitok, K. (2020). Sustainable tourism and economic growth nexus in Kenya: policy implications for post-Covid-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Entrepreneurship, 1(2), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.35912/joste.v1i2.209
  5. Darma, I. W. A. S., Gunawan, I. P. E. G., & Sutramiani, N. P. (2020). Peramalan Jumlah Kunjungan Wisatawan Menggunakan Triple Exponential Smoothing. Jurnal Ilmiah Merpati, 8(3), 211–221.
  6. Detik.com. (2021). Heboh Varian Baru “Covid-22”, Ini Klarifikasi Ilmuwan Pencetusnya. Retrieved December 12, 2021, from Detik.com website: https://health.detik.com/berita-detikhealth/d-5696356/heboh-varian-baru-covid-22-ini-klarifikasi-ilmuwan-pencetusnya?_ga=2.217551638.103876503.1639298428-1244150397.1637468465
  7. Dinkes.gorontaloprov. (2020). WHO Tetapkan Covid-19 sebagai Pandemi. Retrieved from https://dinkes.gorontaloprov.go.id/who-tetapkan-covid-19-sebagai-pandemi/
  8. Dzulfaroh, A. N. (2021). Hari Ini dalam Sejarah: WHO Tetapkan Covid-19 sebagai Pandemi Global. Retrieved December 2, 2021, from Kompas.com website: https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2021/03/11/104000165/hari-ini-dalam-sejarah--who-tetapkan-covid-19-sebagai-pandemi-global?page=all
  9. Gegung, E. M. (2021). Pariwisata Internasional dan Covid-19 Pandemi: Penggunaan Virtual Reality untuk Meningkatkan Pariwisata Keberlanjutan Destinasi dan Bagaimana Pengguna Memperhatikan Keaslian Pengalaman VR. 15(1), 9–15.
  10. Hartono. (2020). Penilaian Dalam Kondisi “Ketidakpastian.” Retrieved February 23, 2022, from https://www.djkn.kemenkeu.go.id/artikel/baca/13209/Penilaian-Dalam-Kondisi-Ketidakpastian.html
  11. Indonesia.go.id. (2019). Indonesia Serpihan Surga. Retrieved from https://indonesia.go.id/kategori/budaya/423/indonesia-serpihan-surga
  12. Jannah, M. F. (2020). Peningkatan Ekonomi Di Tengah Pandemi Dalam Menunjang Pergerakan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Surabaya. Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian, 1(7), 1–6.
  13. Kemenparekraf. (2021). Tren Pariwisata di Tengah Pandemi. Retrieved December 2, 2021, from https://kemenparekraf.go.id/ragam-pariwisata/Tren-Pariwisata-Indonesia-di-Tengah-Pandemi
  14. Konarasinghe, K. M. U. . (2016). Forecasting Tourist Arrivals to Sri Lanka Using Seasonal ARIMA. International Journal of Novel Research in Physics Chemistry & Mathematics, 3(1), 57–63.
  15. Kustiawan, F. R., & Hudori. (2017). Forecasting Jumlah Wisatawan Di Taman Wisata Alam Kawah Ijen Dengan Metode Exponential Smoothing Berbantu Zaitun Time Series. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika & Matematika, I(1), 36–49.
  16. Lusiana, A., & Yuliarty, P. (2020). PENERAPAN METODE PERAMALAN (FORECASTING) PADA PERMINTAAN ATAP di PT X. Industri Inovatif?: Jurnal Teknik Industri, 10(1), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.36040/industri.v10i1.2530
  17. Magelangkab.bps.go.id. (2022). Pengunjung Candi Borobudur. Retrieved February 22, 2022, from https://magelangkab.bps.go.id/indicator/16/327/2/pengunjung-candi-borobudur.html
  18. Makridakis, S., Wheelwright, S. C., & Mcgee, V. E. (1999). Metode dan Aplikasi Peramalan (Buku Kedua). Jakarta: Binarupa Aksara.
  19. Mulyani. (2020). Kondisi Ekonomi Akibat Covid-19 Diliputi Ketidakpastian Hingga Tahun Depan. Retrieved from https://lingkarkediri.pikiran-rakyat.com/nasional/pr-67785550/sri-mulyani-kondisi-ekonomi-akibat-covid-19-diliputi-ketidakpastian-hingga-tahun-depan?page=2
  20. Nasional.republika.co.id. (2019). Festival Bunaken Ditargetkan Tarik Kunjungan Wisman. Retrieved February 22, 2022, from https://nasional.republika.co.id/berita/ptnv82368/gaya-hidup/travelling/19/06/25/ptmy39328-festival-bunaken-ditargetkan-tarik-kunjungan-wisman
  21. Nasir, M., S., & Ahsan, M., Q. (2020). Coronavirus pandemic and its impacts on the world’s economy. Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Entrepreneurship, 1(4), 321–331. https://doi.org/10.35912/joste.v1i4.501
  22. Nurtoro, A. D. (2021). Profesor di Universitas ETH Zurich Swiss Jelaskan Maksud COVID 22 yang Berpotensi Terjadi di Tahun Depan. Retrieved January 27, 2022, from Newsmedia website: https://www.newsmedia.co.id/news-room/pr-60979385/profesor-di-universitas-eth-zurich-swiss-jelaskan-maksud-covid-22-yang-berpotensi-terjadi-di-tahun-depan
  23. Pardede. (2020). Ketidakpastian Akibat Covid-19 Hingga 2 Tahun ke Depan. Retrieved February 23, 2022, from https://www.beritasatu.com/ekonomi/683715/raden-pardede-ketidakpastian-akibat-covid19-hingga-2-tahun-ke-depan/
  24. Purwanto, A. (2021). Ekonomi Dunia pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19: dari Dampak hingga Proyeksi Pertumbuhan 2021-2022. Retrieved December 11, 2021, from Kompaspedia website: https://kompaspedia.kompas.id/baca/paparan-topik/ekonomi-dunia-di-masa-pandemi-covid-19-dari-dampak-hingga-proyeksi-pertumbuhan-2021-2022
  25. Qodar, N. (2021). Indonesia Memasuki Gelombang Kedua Covid-19, Seberapa Bahaya? Retrieved December 2, 2021, from Liputan6 website: https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/4595177/headline-indonesia-memasuki-gelombang-kedua-covid-19-seberapa-bahaya
  26. Rahmawati, F., Eltivia, N., Riwajanti, N. I., & Wahyuni, H. (2021). Does Pandemic Covid-19 Affect Foreign Tourist Visit in Jakarta? Proceedings of 2nd Annual Management, Business and Economic Conference (AMBEC 2020), 183(May 2020), 254–257. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.210717.051
  27. Rajaampatkab.bps.go.id. (2022). Jumlah Kunjungan Wisata. Retrieved February 22, 2022, from https://rajaampatkab.bps.go.id/indicator/16/217/1/jumlah-kunjungan-wisata.html
  28. Riestyaningrum, F., Ferdaos, E., & Bayramov, B. (2020). Customer behavior impact on international tourist’s travel intention due to Covid-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Entrepreneurship, 1(3), 231–243. https://doi.org/10.35912/joste.v1i3.367
  29. Roni, H., & Iswandi, I. (2020). Analisis Perkembangan Jumlah Wisatawan Mancanegara, Hutang Luar Negeri, Inflasi, BI Rate dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Melalui Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Jurnal Indonesia Membangun, 19(3), 107–120.
  30. Rukini, Arini, P. S., & Nawangsih, E. (2015). Peramalan Jumlah Kunjungan Wisatawan Mancanegara (Wisman) ke Bali Tahun 2019: Metode ARIMA. Jurnal Ekonomi Kuantitatif Terapan, 8(2), 136–141. https://doi.org/10.24843/mtk.2019.v08.i04.p269
  31. Santoso, A. (2021). Menakar Akar Penentu Pembelian Jasa Wisata Measuring the Root Determinant of Tourist Services Purchases. Jurnal Kepariwisataan Indonesia, 15(1), 1–8.
  32. Sarjono, H., & Abbas, B. S. (2017). Forecasting Aplikasi Penelitian Bisnis QM for Windows VS Minitab vs Manual. Jakarta: Mitra Wacana Media.
  33. Setyasih, I. (2021). Analisis Potensi Pulau Maratua Sebagai Destinasi Pariwisata Andalan Indonesia Timur. Indonesian Journal of Tourism and Leisure, 2(1), 14–25. https://doi.org/10.36256/ijtl.v2i1.124
  34. Soehardi, Siddha, A., Hardiyono, Siswanti, T., & Hardipamungkas, N. E. (2020). Pengaruh Pandemik Covid-19 Terhadap Wisatawan Mancanegara Dan Nusantara Serta Karyawan Perusahaan Penerbangan Di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Ubhara, 2(2), 46–61. https://doi.org/10.31599/jmu.v2i2.769
  35. Sugihamretha, I. D. G. (2020). Respon Kebijakan: Mitigasi Dampak Wabah Covid-19 Pada Sektor Pariwisata. Jurnal Perencanaan Pembangunan: The Indonesian Journal of Development Planning, 4(2), 191–206. https://doi.org/10.36574/jpp.v4i2.113
  36. Supriatna, A., Subartini, B., Hertini, E., & Riaman, R. (2017). Prediksi Wisatawan Mancanegara Ke Jawa Barat Melalui Pintu Masuk Bandara Husein Sastranegara dan Pelabuhan Muarajati Menggunakan Metode SARIMA. Prosiding Industrial Research Workshop and National Seminar, 8(3), 560–565.
  37. Tangian, D., Polii, B. D., & Mengko, S. M. H. (2019). Analisis Potensi Daya Tarik Wisata Kota Manado. Prosiding Seminar Nasional “Komunitas Dan Kota Keberlanjutan,” (September).
  38. Tanjung, S. I. (2021). Dampak Covid – 19 Dalam Stabilitas Ekonomi Politik Internasional. Ganaya?: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora, 4(2), 654–671. https://doi.org/10.37329/ganaya.v4i2.1387
  39. Tanoesoedibjo, A. (2020). Penurunan Wisatawan Mancanegara. Retrieved December 10, 2021, from Liputan6 website: https://www.liputan6.com/lifestyle/read/4384912/kerugian-sektor-pariwisata-indonesia-atas-penurunan-wisatawan-mancanegara
  40. Thira, I. J., Mayangky, N. A., Kholifah, D. N., Balla, I., & Gata, W. (2019). Peramalan Data Kunjungan Wisatawan Mancanegara ke Indonesia menggunakan Fuzzy Time Series. Jurnal Edukasi Dan Penelitian Informatika (JEPIN), 5(1), 18–23. https://doi.org/10.26418/jp.v5i1.31074
  41. Utami, B. S. A., & Kafabih, A. (2021). Jurnal Dinamika Ekonomi Pembangunan ( JDEP ). JDEP (Jurnal Dinamika Ekonomi Pembangunan), 4(1), 383–389. Retrieved from http://jdep.upnjatim.ac.id/index.php/jdep/article/view/121
  42. Yahaya, A. M., Montiliat, A., & Salahudeen, H. (2020). The impact of Covid-19 lockdown on socio-economic activities in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Entrepreneurship, 2(1), 41–51. https://doi.org/10.35912/joste.v2i1.547