Abstract
Lifestyle and its effect on health was a common topic of discussion in the conversation on Health. Physical inactivity and obesity are leading risk factors for global mortality. Many participants voiced concerns related to unhealthy lifestyles and their negative impacts on the health care system. The increasing frequency of obesity related diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension are often the product of a nutritionally inadequate diet along with sedentary lifestyle. Many participants emphasized the link between healthy lifestyles, including diet, physical activity and personal habits, and lower rates of chronic disease. There was widespread concern that high levels of obesity in children are associated with poor diets and sedentary lifestyles. Most of our diseases are caused by lifestyle, particularly the consumption of animal products. Chronic obesity, smoking and drug use are voluntary conditions which cost the health system a lot of money. It can be difficult to get people to make positive lifestyle choices. It is important to recognize that there are major differences between obesity and smoking. First, food and activity are essential to life; tobacco is not. There are possible negative consequences of a focus on obesity, such as disordered eating, that should be taken into account.
Abbreviations: GCC: Gulf Cooperation Council; CVD: Cardiovascular Disease; PA: Physical Activity
Introduction
Physical inactivity and obesity are leading risk factors for global mortality [1]. The increase in the global obesity epidemic during the past few decades is substantial. However, there are wide variations in obesity prevalence across countries and populations due to socioeconomic, cultural and transport differences in national and local environments [2]. Industrial countries have witnessed significant technological advancement and automation during the first half of the 20th century. This was paralleled by decreases in food energy supply that helped in preserving low obesity prevalence. However, in the 1970s–1980s, an energy balance turning point seems to have occurred in many high-income countries [3], followed by a number of middle-income and low-income countries who have joined the global surge in obesity prevalence in adults and children [4,5]. It appears that the most obvious environmental precondition for a population to develop obesity is sufficient wealth and economic prosperity [5]. Since the discovery of oil in the Arabian Gulf region in the 1960s, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries that comprise Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have experienced continued growth in population, per capita income and wealth. The UAE and Qatar in particular have grown the fastest in terms of population, per capita income and wealth [6]. With this growth, the Qatari population has witnessed significant lifestyle changes due to rapid urbanisation, the dominance of personal transport, the introduction of labour-saving devices, the availability of high-fat and dense-caloric foods, increased reliance on telecommunication technology, as well as decreased occupational-work demands [7,8].
These lifestyle changes have had a considerable impact on reducing the physical requirements of daily life and have encouraged sedentary lifestyles. This lifestyle transformation is thought to be greatly responsible for the significant increase in non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer and diabetes mellitus type II in Qatar [9]. Diabetes and CVD have become the leading causes of morbidity and mortality over the past two decades in Qatar [10]. The most important risk factors of non-communicable diseases in the Arabian Gulf countries include high blood pressure, high concentrations of cholesterol in the blood, inadequate intake of fruit and vegetables, being overweight or obesity, physical inactivity and tobacco use [9]. Five of these risks are closely related to inappropriate diet and physical inactivity. In the GCC countries, alarming levels of physical inactivity have been reported, as well as poor dietary practices, predisposing them to health problems [11-13]. To date, limited attempts have been made to examine the interrelationship of these risk factors within young adults. However, directional relationships have been identified in several studies. For example, previous research has demonstrated positive correlations between:
1) Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and poor dietary
habits [14];
2) Skipping breakfast, lower nutritional status and increasing
the risk of cardio-vascular disease [15]; and
3) Low fruit and vegetable intake and low physical activity
(PA) [16]. Consequently, whilst these studies have tended to focus
on the significance of one unhealthy behaviour in isolation, research
has shown that health behaviours often coexist with clear evidence
of clustering [16-26].
Different Class of Weight Reduction
Abs Crunch
Side Plank: When in plank position, rotate on to one side, holding your weight on one forearm, with legs straight and feet stacked on top of each other. Lift the other arm. Push your hip to the ceiling to maintain alignment. on other side. Control your breathing (Figure 1).
Front Plank: When in plank position, rotate on to one side, holding your weight on both forearm, with legs straight and feet stacked on top of each other. Lift the other arm. Push your hip to the ceiling to maintain alignment. On other side, Control your breathing. Squeeze your core muscles to maintain the position (Figure 2).
Dead Bugs:
Lie on your back with knees bent to 90 degrees, arms up. Slowly lower left heel towards floor while extending right arm over head. Slowly return to starting position and repeat on the other side (Figure 3).