Effects of masks, social distancing and general hygiene recommendations on rotavirus gastroenteritis in children during the COVID-19 pandemic
Abstract
Aim: Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is one of the important causes of mortality and morbidity for children worldwide, especially in developing countries. Rotavirus is transmitted by the feces of the people carrying it through food and hands. Additionally, door handles, telephones, sockets, and toys may play a role in spreading the infection. In addition to fecal-oral transmission, transmission via droplets has also been reported. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency and characteristics of rotavirus in pediatric acute gastroenteritis cases in our institution and reveal the effect of the increased mask, social distancing and general hygiene recommendations with COVID-19 pandemic on rotavirus gastroenteritis. Methods: A total of 4781 patients aged 0-18 diagnosed with AGE between January 2019 and December 2020 were included in the study. The rotavirus positivity of patients diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis before and after the pandemic was statistically compared according to season, gender, and age variables. Results: Four hundred nine (8.6%) of 4781 patients were determined as rotavirus positive. The frequency of rotavirus in the age range of 0-2 was higher than that of in the other age ranges. Rotavirus is more common in the winter and spring seasons. In the modeling performed for patients with AGE in our hospital, provided that the other variables remained constant, the risk of rotavirus positivity increased by 1.14 times with the season variable while it decreased by 0.66 times with age. It was concluded that as the age increased, the odds value of being rotavirus positive decreased by 33.4%. While the prevalence of rotavirus gastroenteritis was 7.5% between March 2019 and December 2019, this frequency decreased to 4.7% with the pandemic (March 2020-December 2020), which was statistically significant (X2=8.620; p=0.003). Conclusion: Increasing masks, social distancing and general hygiene recommendations due to COVID 19 have led to a decrease in the frequency of rotavirus infections in children.
References
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- 7. Nowak MD, Sordillo EM, Gitman MR, Paniz Mondolfi AE. Coinfection in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients: Where are influenza virus and rhinovirus/enterovirus?. J Med Virol. 2020;92(10):1699-1700.doi:10.1002/jmv.25953
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- 13. Wu D, Lu J, Sun Z, et al. Rhinovirus remains prevalent in school teenagers during fight against COVID-19 pandemic. Immun Inflamm Dis. 2021;9(1):76-79. doi:10.1002/iid3.381
- 14. Pinky L, Dobrovolny HM. SARS-CoV-2 coinfections: Could influenza and the common cold be beneficial?. J Med Virol. 2020;92(11):2623-2630. doi:10.1002/jmv.26098
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COVID-19 pandemisindeki maske, sosyal mesafe ve genel hijyen önerilerinin çocuklardaki rotavirüs gastroenteriti üzerindeki etkileri
Abstract
Amaç: Akut gastroenterit (AGE) gelişmekte olan ülkeler başta olmak üzere tüm dünyada çocuklar için önemli mortalite ve morbidite nedenlerinden biridir. Rotavirüs; taşıyan kişinin dışkısıyla yiyecekler ve eller aracılığıyla bulaşırken kapı kolları, telefonlar, yuvalar, oyuncaklar da enfeksiyonun yayılmasında rol oynayabilir. Fekal-oral bulaşın yanında damlacık yoluyla bulaşma da bildirilmiştir. Çalışmamızda; kurumumuzdaki çocuk AGE olgularında rotavirüs sıklığının ve özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi ve COVID-19 pandemisi ile artmış maske, mesafe ve genel hijyen önerilerinin rotavirüs gastroenteritlerine etkisinin ortaya koyulması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Ocak 2019 ile Aralık 2020 tarihleri arasında akut gastroenterit tanısı ile değerlendirilen 0-18 yaş aralığındaki 4781 hasta çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmada, pandemi öncesi ve sonrası dönemdeki akut gastroenterit tanılı hastaların mevsim, cinsiyet ve yaş değişkenlerine göre rotavirüs pozitiflik durumları istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırılacaktır. Bulgular: Rotavirüs pozitifliği 4781 hastanın 409’unda (%8.6) tespit edilmiştir. Rotavirüs görülme sıklığı 0-2 yaş aralığında, diğer yaş aralığındaki çocuklara göre daha yoğundur. Kış ve ilkbahar mevsimlerinde de rotavirüs daha çok görülmektedir. Hastanemiz akut gastroenterit olguları için yapılan modellemede rotavirüs pozitifliği riskini diğer değişkenler sabit kalması koşuluyla mevsim değişkeni 1,14 kat arttırırken, yaş 0,66 kat azaltmaktadır. Yaş arttıkça rotavirüs pozitifli odds değerinin de %33,4 azalış gösterdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Mart 2019 - Aralık 2019 döneminde rotavirüs gastroenteritinin görülme sıklığı %7,5 iken, pandeminin başlangıcı ile birlikte (Mart 2020- Aralık 2020 dönemi) bu sıklık %4,7’e düşmüştür, bu düşüş istatistiksel anlamlı olarak anlamlı saptanmıştır (X2=8,620; p=0,003). Sonuç: COVID 19 nedeniyle artan maske, sosyal mesafe ve genel hijyen önerileri, çocuklarda rotavirüs enfeksiyonu sıklığının azalmasına neden olmuştur.
References
- 1. Hartman S, Brown E, Loomis E, Russell HA. Gastroenteritis in Children [published correction appears in Am Fam Physician. 2019 Jun 15;99(12):732]. Am Fam Physician. 2019;99(3):159-165.
- 2. Oğuz S, Kurt F, Tekin D, Kocabaş BA, İnce E, Suskan E. Çocuk Acil Servisinde Rotavirus Gastroenteritlerinin Yükü J. Pediatr Inf 2014; 8: 99-104.
- 3. Freedman SB, Thull-Freedman JD, Rumantir M, Atenafu EG, Stephens D. Emergency department revisits in children with gastroenteritis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013; 57(5):612-8.
- 4. Fox J, Richards S, Jenkins HR, Powell C. Management of gastroenteritis over 10 years: changing culture and maintaining the change. Arch Dis Child. 2012; 97(5):415-7.
- 5. Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, Gao GF. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet. 2020;395:470–473.
- 6. Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, Zhao X, Huang B, Shi W, Lu R, Niu P, Zhan F, Ma X, Wang D, Xu W, Wu G, Gao GF, Tan W China Novel Coronavirus Investigating and Research Team. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:727–733.
- 7. Nowak MD, Sordillo EM, Gitman MR, Paniz Mondolfi AE. Coinfection in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients: Where are influenza virus and rhinovirus/enterovirus?. J Med Virol. 2020;92(10):1699-1700.doi:10.1002/jmv.25953
- 8. D'Amico F, Baumgart DC, Danese S, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Diarrhea During COVID-19 Infection: Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Prevention, and Management. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;18(8):1663-1672. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2020.04.001
- 9. Badur S, Öztürk S, Pereira P, et al. Systematic review of the rotavirus infection burden in the WHO-EMRO region. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2019;15(11):2754-2768. doi:10.1080/21645515.2019.1603984
- 10. Ahmed J, Wong LP, Chua YP, et al. Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment of Drinking Water Quality to Predict the Risk of Waterborne Diseases in Primary-School Children. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(8):2774. Published 2020 Apr 17. doi:10.3390/ijerph17082774
- 11. Tapisiz A, Bedir Demirdag T, Cura Yayla BC, et al. Rotavirus infections in children in Turkey: A systematic review. Rev Med Virol. 2019; 29:e2020. https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.2020
- 12. İlktaç M, Şahin A, Nazik H, et al. Akut Gastroenteritli Çocuklarda Rotavirus Sıklığının Araştırılması ve Rotavirus Sezonunun Takibi: Beş Yıllık Sonuçların Değerlendirilmesi. Ankem Derg, 2012, 26.1: 25-29.
- 13. Wu D, Lu J, Sun Z, et al. Rhinovirus remains prevalent in school teenagers during fight against COVID-19 pandemic. Immun Inflamm Dis. 2021;9(1):76-79. doi:10.1002/iid3.381
- 14. Pinky L, Dobrovolny HM. SARS-CoV-2 coinfections: Could influenza and the common cold be beneficial?. J Med Virol. 2020;92(11):2623-2630. doi:10.1002/jmv.26098
- 15. Rotavirus.https://www.who.int/immunization/diseases/rotavirus/en (accessed: 10.05.2021).
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Public Health, Environmental Health |
| Journal Section | Orijinal Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 10, 2021 |
| Submission Date | May 6, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 Volume: 15 Issue: 3 |
Cited By
Rotavirüs Gastroenteriti Olan Çocukların Annelerinin Kaygı Düzeyi, Sosyal El Yıkama ve Hastalığa Yönelik Bilgi Durumunun Belirlenmesi
Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.48071/sbuhemsirelik.1263283
English or Turkish manuscripts from authors with new knowledge to contribute to understanding and improving health and primary care are welcome.