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Systemic inflammatory markers and psychophysical olfactory scores in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: is there any correlation?

Part of: JLO Coronavirus Collection

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 June 2021

L A Vaira ,
A De Vito ,
G Deiana ,
C Pes ,
F Giovanditto ,
V Fiore ,
J R Lechien ,
S Saussez ,
D Policicchio  and
R Boccaletti
...Show all authors
L A Vaira*
Affiliation:
Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy Biomedical Science PhD School, Biomedical Science Department, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
A De Vito
Affiliation:
Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
G Deiana
Affiliation:
Biomedical Science PhD School, Biomedical Science Department, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
C Pes
Affiliation:
Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy Neuro-COVID Department, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
F Giovanditto
Affiliation:
Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy Onco-COVID Department, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
V Fiore
Affiliation:
Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
J R Lechien
Affiliation:
COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federation of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (‘YO-IFOS’), Paris, France Department of Human and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium
S Saussez
Affiliation:
COVID-19 Task Force of the Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federation of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (‘YO-IFOS’), Paris, France Department of Human and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium
D Policicchio
Affiliation:
Neurosurgery Operative Unit, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
R Boccaletti
Affiliation:
Neurosurgery Operative Unit, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
G Madeddu
Affiliation:
Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
S Babudieri
Affiliation:
Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
A Pazzola
Affiliation:
Onco-COVID Department, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
F Bandiera
Affiliation:
Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy Neuro-COVID Department, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
A G Fois
Affiliation:
Respiratory Diseases Operative Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
A F Piana
Affiliation:
Biomedical Science PhD School, Biomedical Science Department, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
C Hopkins
Affiliation:
King's College, London, UK
G De Riu
Affiliation:
Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, University Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
*
Author for correspondence: Dr Luigi Angelo Vaira, Viale San Pietro 43/B, Sassari07100, Italy E-mail: lavaira@uniss.it Fax: +39 079 229 002
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Abstract

Objective

To analyse the correlations between olfactory psychophysical scores and the serum levels of D-dimer, C-reactive protein, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, procalcitonin and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in coronavirus disease 2019 patients.

Methods

Patients underwent psychophysical olfactory assessment with the Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center test, and determination of blood serum levels of the inflammatory markers D-dimer, C-reactive protein, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, procalcitonin and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio within 10 days of the clinical onset of coronavirus disease 2019 and 60 days after.

Results

Seventy-seven patients were included in this study. D-dimer, procalcitonin, ferritin and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio correlated significantly with severe coronavirus disease 2019. No significant correlations were found between baseline and 60-day Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center test scores and the inflammatory markers assessed.

Conclusion

Olfactory disturbances appear to have little prognostic value in predicting the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 compared to D-dimer, ferritin, procalcitonin and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. The lack of correlation between the severity and duration of olfactory disturbances and serum levels of inflammatory markers seems to further suggest that the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the loss of smell in coronavirus disease 2019 patients are related to local rather than systemic inflammatory factors.

Keywords

COVID-19SmellAnosmiaSARS-CoVCoronavirusC-Reactive ProteinProcalcitoninLactate DehydrogenasesFibrin Fragment DFerritins
Type
Main Articles
Information
The Journal of Laryngology & Otology , Volume 135 , Issue 8 , August 2021 , pp. 723 - 728
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

Dr L A Vaira takes responsibility for the integrity of the content of the paper

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