Academia.eduAcademia.edu
ACADEMIA Letters The risk of COVID19 reinfection, Breakthrough and Escape, how much will be saved from coronavirus infection after vaccination? Mulazim Bukhari, Principal Azad Jammu Kashmir Medical College Muzaffar Abad Since the start of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the question of potential reinfection has been ever present. The main debate is only because, other sessional coronavirus causing flu do not have longer immunity. But regarding the COVID-19, the natural infection is slightly better from preventing re-infection of the coronavirus, and the vaccine is better not only in controlling the breakthrough but also the post-COVID syndrome (long haulers) problems caused after COVID19 which is not seen in the vaccine. If you are really sick with a coronavirus and you have developed a strong antibody response, a natural infection may be better at preventing re-infection because the four important proteins on the surface of the virus are present in your body. The antibodies will develop not only against SP but also against all structural and nonstructural components of the SARSCoV-2. These antibodies are developed against COVID19 and also develop memory cells. Not only against spike protein, but it also provides better immune protection against the rest of the viral protein. In addition, we forget about the immune system of T cells (CD4) because they also cause the same protection. (Note: This virus produces twenty-seven proteins, four of which are for its surface, called structural proteins. There are seven proteins that the scientist, still do not know what they do. There are sixteen proteins that are non-structural, are the weapons that destroy human cells. These are viral enzymes that are invading forces, notably helicase and RDP enzymes. These start work after invasion of the virus through SP with human ACE2 receptors.) The recent evidence suggests that natural infection may provide similar protection against Academia Letters, June 2021 ©2021 by the author — Open Access — Distributed under CC BY 4.0 Corresponding Author: Mulazim Bukhari, mulazimhussain@gmail.com Citation: Bukhari, M. (2021). The risk of COVID19 reinfection, Breakthrough and Escape, how much will be saved from coronavirus infection after vaccination? Academia Letters, Article 1344. https://doi.org/10.20935/AL1344. 1 symptomatic disease as vaccination, at least for the available follow up period. Despite the substantial advances in all aspects of COVID-19 analysis and data collection over the past year, calculation of the risk of reinfection has been difficult and there are two key reasons for this. The most obvious reason for difficulty is that most individuals around the world who became infected during the first wave of the pandemic did not access a PCR or antibody test and were not admitted to or treated in hospital, and so are not included in many COVID-19 datasets. The second reason is that scientific journals require specific evidence for formal reporting of reinfection, leading to probable under-reporting. What are research findings on reinfections in people who have recovered from coronavirus? The reinfection is rare but It is the media spelling the panic about reinfection, One study shows that out of 43,044, only 0.66 per 10,000 people were re-infected. In other words, protection was more than 95.2% (95% CI: 0.56–0.78). This protection was observed for 7 months after recovery from COVID19. In addition, people who re-infected were mild and was less severe than the first infection. Of these, only one infection was serious, two were moderate, and none were significant or fatal. Most reinfections, (66.7%) were mild. How many people can have a breakthrough after being vaccinated? The initial vaccines are reported to be protective against severe illness, a factor that will avert high numbers of deaths and pressure on health systems. More information is required, which we will have over time, to describe the role of vaccines in curbing the pandemic. Another study (398 Oregonians) found that only 2% of people had a coronavirus infection after being vaccinated and 98% had immunization. There is no significant difference with natural infection getting breakthrough. In addition, more than 135 million people in the United States have been fully vaccinated against COVID-19 vaccine, and very few have been infected. In this study on 135,000,000 only 3016 (0.0022%) or 1 in 50 died after vaccination and getting infection with new SARSCoV-2. The 10262/101,000,000 people were infected after vaccination (0.01%) or one in ten thousand. However, the recovery rate was 100% to hospitalization and severe illness. The death rate among vaccinated group was 1:50,000 (0.0022%) as compared death rate is 2-3% with COVID19. This is a significant difference in giving protection after vaccination. Academia Letters, June 2021 ©2021 by the author — Open Access — Distributed under CC BY 4.0 Corresponding Author: Mulazim Bukhari, mulazimhussain@gmail.com Citation: Bukhari, M. (2021). The risk of COVID19 reinfection, Breakthrough and Escape, how much will be saved from coronavirus infection after vaccination? Academia Letters, Article 1344. https://doi.org/10.20935/AL1344. 2 In another study from Qatar, found that vaccinated people had only 0.2% of infections as compared to non-vaccinated population which had an infection rate of more than 3.1%. Importance of Booster Dose to prolong the immunity? The data shows Moderna and Pfizer vaccines, which both use the same mRNA technology to create immunity against the novel coronavirus, remain effective after 7 months, they are also hoping it for long time if given booster dose after a of their first two doses. What is Escape variants’ of the coronavirus are a serious future threat. Since the pandemic in 2019, the virus is changing but very few are variant of concern like beta, delta and delta plus. These future variants of the viruses are “escape variants” that have emerged in the environment and escape the immune system and vaccination, currently being used, are called immune escape or vaccine escape. The data show the delta virus may show 10-12% escape from natural infection or vaccines against infections with the Delta variant, compared the original strain in clinical trials. The data also show that all these vaccines were over 90% effective in reducing hospitalizations and serious disease after the infection with variants of concern. But we must be careful in using the SOPs because the virus is still around us and the vaccination process is very slow in Pakistan. Summary Natural infections are proving to be 95% effective in preventing re-infection of coronavirus due to having long memory both humoral and cellular. While the effectiveness of vaccines in preventing coronavirus infection is the same, it is more than 98%. But another benefit of the vaccine is that it protects against the problems caused by COVID19 Another benefit of the vaccine is that people with weakened immune systems are protected after the vaccine, as well as breastfeeding mothers and pregnant women. Therefore, after recovering from the coronavirus, the vaccine should be given to prevent the spread of the virus. One should be vaccinated regardless of whether you already had COVID-19 to minimize the chances of reinfection. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is still circulating in our communities, and we haven’t reached herd-immunity levels of vaccination yet. Academia Letters, June 2021 ©2021 by the author — Open Access — Distributed under CC BY 4.0 Corresponding Author: Mulazim Bukhari, mulazimhussain@gmail.com Citation: Bukhari, M. (2021). The risk of COVID19 reinfection, Breakthrough and Escape, how much will be saved from coronavirus infection after vaccination? Academia Letters, Article 1344. https://doi.org/10.20935/AL1344. 3