Clinical Outcomes of Antiviral Therapy on Comorbid and non-Comorbid T2-DM COVID-19 Patients at Rasidin Hospital
:
Abstract
Patients with comorbidity is vulnerable to being attacked by COVID-19. Diabetes mellitus comorbid patients have experience of higher severity viral infections than those without diabetes mellitus. The objective of the research was to evaluate the impact of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2-DM) comorbidity and antiviral therapy on the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients. The study was performed following a cross sectional design from April 2020 to March 2021 at Hospital dr Rasidin Padang. Data were collected retrospectively from the patient's medical record. Treatment and clinical outcomes of patients were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Withney U Test, Repeated Measured ANOVA, and Friedman Test. Results showed that the respiratory rate on T2-DM comorbid and non-comorbid patients were 20.58±0.25 and 20.15±0.08 times/minutes, respectively (p<0.05). While, oxygen saturation was 97.95±0.16 and 98.38±0.06%, respectively (p<0.05). Patient’s length of stay after the treatment of oseltamivir and favipiravir on non-comorbid COVID-19 patients were 14.76±0.861 and 9.96±0.488 days, respectively (p<0.01). While on comorbid patients were 16.00 ±3.17 and 10.47±0.77, respectively (p<0.01). Comorbidity had a significantly impacted on the patient's respiratory rate and oxygen saturation. The use of oseltamivir and favipiravir had a highly significant different on the LOS of comorbid and non-comorbid patients.
Keywords:
COVID-19, diabetes, antivirus, comorbidity, outcome
References
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Bosaeed, M., Alharbi, A., Mahmoud, E., Alrehily, S., Bahlaq, M., Gaifer, Z., Alturkistani, H., Alhagan, K., Alshahrani, S., Tolbah, A., Musattat, A., Alanazi, M., Jaha, R., Sultana, K., Alqahtani, H., Aamer, K. Al, Jaser, S., Alsaedy, A., Ahmad, A., Alaskar, A. (2020). Efficacy of favipiravir in adults with mild COVID-19: a randomized, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled clinical trial. January.
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Docherty, A. B., Harrison, E. M., Green, C. A., Hardwick, H. E., Pius, R., Norman, L., Holden, K. A., Read, J. M., Dondelinger, F., Carson, G., Merson, L., Lee, J., Plotkin, D., Sigfrid, L., Halpin, S., Jackson, C., Gamble, C., Horby, P. W., Nguyen-Van-Tam, J. S., Semple, M. G. (2020). Features of 20 133 UK patients in hospital with COVID-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: Prospective observational cohort study. The BMJ, 369(March), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1985
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Guo, W., Li, M., Dong, Y., Zhou, H., Zhang, Z., Tian, C., Qin, R., Wang, H., Shen, Y., Du, K., Zhao, L., Fan, H., Luo, S., and Hu, D. (2020). Diabetes is a risk factor for the progression and prognosis of COVID‐19. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/dmrr.3319?src=getftr
Gupta, R., and Misra, A. (2020). Contentious issues and evolving concepts in the clinical presentation and management of patients with COVID-19 infection with reference to use of therapeutic and other drugs used in Co-morbid diseases (Hypertension, diabetes etc). Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews, 14(3), 251–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.03.012
Ivashchenko, A. A., Dmitriev, K. A., Vostokova, N. V., Azarova, V. N., Blinow, A. A., Egorova, A. N., Gordeev, I. G., Ilin, A. P., Karapetian, R. N., Kravchenko, D. V., Lomakin, N. V., Merkulova, E. A., Papazova, N. A., Pavlikova, E. P., Savchuk, N. P., Simakina, E. N., Sitdekov, T. A., Smolyarchuk, E. A., Tikhomolova, E. G., and Ivachtchenko, A. V. (2021). AVIFAVIR for Treatment of Patients with Moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Interim Results of a Phase II/III Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial. Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 73(3), 531–534. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1176
Izzi-Engbeaya, C., Distaso, W., Amin, A., Yang, W., Idowu, O., Kenkre, J. S., Shah, R. J., Woin, E., Shi, C., Alavi, N., Bedri, H., Brady, N., Blackburn, S., Leczycka, M., Patel, S., Sokol, E., Toke-Bjolgerud, E., Qayum, A., Abdel-Malek, M., and Salem, V. (2021). Adverse outcomes in COVID-19 and diabetes: A retrospective cohort study from three London teaching hospitals. BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001858.
Kun’ain, U. I. A., Rahardjo, S. S., and Tamtomo, D. G. (2020). Meta-Analysis: The Effect of Diabetes Mellitus Comorbidity on the Risk of Death in COVID-19 Patients. Indonesian Journal of Medicine, 5(4), 368–377. https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2020.05.04.1
Kusumawardani, L. A., Maria, N., and Fanani, Y. N. (2021). Potential drug interactions analysis of COVID-19 patients at a hospital in West Java Analisis potensi interaksi obat pada pasien rawat inap COVID-19 pada suatu rumah sakit di Jawa Barat adanya reaksi efek samping yang tidak diinginkan. Pada bulan Juli 20. 17(2).
Lestari N, and Ichsan B (2021). Diabetes Mellitus Sebagai Faktor Risiko keparahan dan Kematian PasienCOVID-19: Meta-Analisis. Biomedika, 13(1), 83–94. https://doi.org/10.23917/biomedika.v13i1.13544
Lukito, J. I. (2020). Tinjauan Antivirus untuk Terapi COVID-19. 340 Cdk-286, 47(5), PP:342.
Maloberti, A., Ughi, N., Bernasconi, D. P., Rebora, P., Cartella, I., Grasso, E., Lenoci, D., Del Gaudio, F., Algeri, M., Scarpellini, S., Perna, E., Verde, A., Santolamazza, C., Vicari, F., Frigerio, M., Alberti, A., Valsecchi, M. G., Rossetti, C., Epis, O. M., and Giannattasio, C. (2021). Heart rate in patients with sars-cov-2 infection: Prevalence of high values at discharge and relationship with disease severity. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(23), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10235590
Marliana, L., and Marliani, L. (2021). Analisis Perbandingan Lama Rawat Inap Pasien Terdiagnosis COVID-19 Antara Pemberian Terapi Oseltamivir Dengan Favipiravir di RSUD R.Syamsudin S.H Sukabumi Periode Mei s.d Juli 2021. Jurnal Sosial Sains, 1(11), 1413–1422. https://doi.org/10.36418/sosains.v1i11.254
Maturoh, Imas., Anggita, N. T. (2018). Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan.
Mejía, F., Medina, C., Cornejo, E., Morello, E., Vásquez, S., Alave, J., Schwalb, A., and Málaga, G. (2020). Oxygen saturation as a predictor of mortality in hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19 in a public hospital in Lima, Peru. PLoS ONE, 15(12 December), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244171
Minuljo, T. T., Prima, Y., Anindita, C., Nugroho, H., Seno, H., Gde, T., Pemayun, D., Achsan, M., and Sofro, U. (2020). Karakteristik dan Keluaran Pasien COVID-19 dengan DM di RS Umum Pusat Dr . Kariadi. Medica Hospitalia, 7(1A), 150–158.
Nafakhi, H., Alareedh, M., Al-Buthabhak, K., Shaghee, F., Nafakhi, A., and Kasim, S. (2021). Predictors of adverse in-hospital outcome and recovery in patients with diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 pneumonia in Iraq. Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews, 15(1), 33–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.12.014
PDPI, PERKI, PAPDI, PERDATIN, & IDAI. (2020a). Pedoman tatalaksana COVID-19 Edisi 1 April 2020. In Pedoman Tatalaksana COVID-19.
PDPI, PERKI, PAPDI, PERDATIN, & IDAI. (2020b). Pedoman tatalaksana COVID-19 Edisi 3 Desember 2020. In Pedoman Tatalaksana COVID-19. https://www.papdi.or.id/download/983-pedoman-tatalaksana-COVID-19-edisi-3-desember-2020
Raghavan, A., Nanditha, A., Satheesh, K., Susairaj, P., Vinitha, R., Chandrasekaran, S., Palaniappan, T., Thillai Vallal, S., Subair Khan, A., Snehalatha, C., and Ramachandran, A. (2021). Profile and prognosis of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 virus infection with and without diabetes – An observational study from South India. Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews, 15(4), 102143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2021.05.016
Parapasan SA (2020). Tatalaksana Pasien COVID-19 Dengan Komorbid Diabetes Mellitus. Jurnal Penelitian Perawat Profesional, 1(November), 89–94. http://jurnal.globalhealthsciencegroup.com/index.php/JPPP/article/download/83/65
Ramatillah, D. L., and Isnaini, S. (2021). Treatment profiles and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients at private hospital in Jakarta. PLoS ONE, 16(4 April), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250147
Satria, R. M. A., Tutupoho, R. V., and Chalidyanto, D. (2020). Analisis Faktor Risiko Kematian dengan Penyakit Komorbid COVID-19. Jurnal Keperawatan Silampari, 4(1), 48–55. https://doi.org/10.31539/jks.v4i1.1587
Thiruvengadam, G., Lakshmi, M., and Ramanujam, R. (2021). A Study of Factors Affecting the Length of Hospital Stay of COVID-19 Patients by Cox-Proportional Hazard Model in a South Indian Tertiary Care Hospital. Journal of Primary Care and Community Health, 12. https://doi.org/10.1177/21501327211000231
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2022-12-30
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