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The Immunogenicity and Safety of Different COVID-19 Booster Vaccination Following CoronaVac or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Primary Series

37 Pages Posted: 7 Dec 2021

See all articles by Nasikarn Angkasekwinai

Nasikarn Angkasekwinai

Mahidol University - Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine; Mahidol University

Suvimol Niyomnaitham

Mahidol University - Department of Pharmacology

Jaturong Sewatanon

Mahidol University - Department of Microbiology

Supaporn Phumiamorn

Mahidol University - Department of Pharmacology

Kasama Sukapirom

Mahidol University - Biomedical Research Incubator Unit

Sansnee Senawong

Mahidol University - Department of Immunology

Surakameth Mahasirimongkol

Ministry of Public Health, Thailand - Department of Medical Sciences

Zheng Quan Toh

University of Melbourne - Murdoch Children's Research Institute

Pinklow Umrod

affiliation not provided to SSRN

Thitiporn Somporn

affiliation not provided to SSRN

Supaporn Chumpol

affiliation not provided to SSRN

Kanokphon Ritthitham

affiliation not provided to SSRN

Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit

Mahidol University - Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research (SICRES)

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Abstract

Background: The appropriate COVID-19 booster vaccine following inactivated or adenoviral vector COVID-19 vaccination is unclear. 

Methods: We prospectively enrolled healthy adults who completed a 2-dose homologous primary series of either inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac) or chimpanzee adenoviral-vector vaccine (ChAdOx1) 8-12 weeks earlier, and allocated them to receive one of the following booster vaccine: inactivated (BBIBP-CorV), ChAdOx1, or mRNA (BNT162b2 at full [30µg] and half  [15µg] dose) vaccines. We determined the reactogenicity and the immune responses post-booster. Anti-receptor binding domain IgG (anti-RBD-IgG) geometric mean concentration (GMCs), neutralising antibodies titres (GMT) against Delta and Beta variants, and interferon gamma (IFN-ϒ) responses were determined. 

Findings: Of the 352 participants, 285 (81%) were female, and the median age (IQR) was 39 (31-47) years. Overall, the adverse events for all booster vaccines were mild to moderate. Two weeks post-booster dose, 30µg-BNT162b2 induced the highest anti-RBD IgG GMCs in the CoronaVac-prime and ChAdOx1-prime groups (5152 and 2364 BAU/mL), followed by 15µg-BNT162b2 (3981 and 1962 BAU/mL), ChAdOx1 (1358 and 246 BAU/mL), and BBIBP-CorV (154 and 128 BAU/mL), respectively. The GMT against the Delta variant were also highest with 30µg-BNT162b2 (411 and 470) and 15µg-BNT162b2 (499 and 358); followed by ChAdOx1 (271 and 69), and BBIBP-CorV (61·3 and 49). The GMTs against Beta variant were lower but in the same trend. Overall BNT162b2 also induced higher IFN-ϒ response. 

Interpretation: Heterologous boosting vaccination with BNT162b2 is the most immunogenic following CoronaVac or ChAdOx1 primary series. A lower dose BNT162b2 may be used as booster in settings with limited vaccine supply.  

Clinical Trial Registration Details: The study was registered in thaichinicaltrials.org (TCTR20210719006).

Funding Information: The National Research Council of Thailand.

Declaration of Interests: All authors declare no personal or professional conflicts of interest, and no financial support from the companies that produce and/or distribute the drugs, devices, or materials described in this report.

Ethics Approval Statement: The study procedures, risks, and benefits were explained to all participants before obtaining written informed consent. The procedures in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Siriraj Institutional Review Board (COA no. Si 537/2021).

Keywords: Booster, COVID-19, CoronaVac, ChAdOx1, vaccine

Suggested Citation

Angkasekwinai, Nasikarn and Niyomnaitham, Suvimol and Sewatanon, Jaturong and Phumiamorn, Supaporn and Sukapirom, Kasama and Senawong, Sansnee and Mahasirimongkol, Surakameth and Toh, Zheng Quan and Umrod, Pinklow and Somporn, Thitiporn and Chumpol, Supaporn and Ritthitham, Kanokphon and Chokephaibulkit, Kulkanya, The Immunogenicity and Safety of Different COVID-19 Booster Vaccination Following CoronaVac or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Primary Series. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3979665 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3979665

Nasikarn Angkasekwinai

Mahidol University - Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine ( email )

2 Wanglang Road
Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700
Thailand

Mahidol University ( email )

Suvimol Niyomnaitham

Mahidol University - Department of Pharmacology ( email )

Thailand

Jaturong Sewatanon

Mahidol University - Department of Microbiology ( email )

Thailand

Supaporn Phumiamorn

Mahidol University - Department of Pharmacology ( email )

Thailand

Kasama Sukapirom

Mahidol University - Biomedical Research Incubator Unit ( email )

Thailand

Sansnee Senawong

Mahidol University - Department of Immunology ( email )

Thailand

Surakameth Mahasirimongkol

Ministry of Public Health, Thailand - Department of Medical Sciences ( email )

Zheng Quan Toh

University of Melbourne - Murdoch Children's Research Institute ( email )

Parkville
Australia

Pinklow Umrod

affiliation not provided to SSRN ( email )

No Address Available

Thitiporn Somporn

affiliation not provided to SSRN ( email )

No Address Available

Supaporn Chumpol

affiliation not provided to SSRN ( email )

No Address Available

Kanokphon Ritthitham

affiliation not provided to SSRN ( email )

No Address Available

Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit (Contact Author)

Mahidol University - Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research (SICRES) ( email )