ACADEMIA Letters
2nd Wave of COVID-19: Symptoms, Causes, Effects &
Precautions
Dr. Debajani palai, Faculty, IMIT
Abstract
The Second Wave of COVID-19 which is more infectious than the first one is severely affecting
the people. The experts of Brazil has stated that this new strain is highly active as it consists
of unusual symptoms and captures the organs immediately. Similarly, the European countries
are also facing the second wave of the virus and the experts have suggested that this mutant
virus demands more caution and restrictions to be controlled. Now India is under the trap of
second wave of Covid-19 and the cases are increasing day-by-day with different viral signs
unlike classic symptoms of first wave of the pandemic. This study focuses on the symptoms,
causes, effects and precautions related to the second wave of Covid-19.
Keywords: Second Wave of COVID, New Strain, Highly Infectious, Unusual Symptoms
Introduction
On the basis of a mathematical approach called “SUTRA” it has been predicted by the scientists that there is continuous rise in number of new cases within the mid of April. To predict
the Coronavirus pandemic the “SUTRA” model consists of three basic parameters which are
“Beta”, “Reach” and “Epsilon” “Beta” is the rate of contact which states about the number
of people are being infected by the infected person per day. It is related to “R-naught value”
Academia Letters, July 2021
©2021 by the author — Open Access — Distributed under CC BY 4.0
Corresponding Author: Dr. Debajani palai, debajani.palai@gmail.com
Citation: Palai, D.D. (2021). 2nd Wave of COVID-19: Symptoms, Causes, Effects & Precautions. Academia
Letters, Article 2396.
1
which states about the spreading number of virus by the infected person. “Reach” measures
the level of exposure of the population to Corona virus. “Epsilon” which is the ratio of detected and undetected Covid-19 cases (Pakrasi, 3rd April, 2021). The doctors also make aware
of the people about the sensitivity of the infectious virus as it poses high risk to life. The scientists have detected various mutations in “SARS-CoV-2” which caused the Covid-19 and
some of the mutations which are named as “Variants of Concern” or “VoCs” are the reason
of the second wave of Covid-19. Sometimes a little bit, changes occur in main virus which is
a normal characteristic and it is called as “mutations”. When a virus comes with one or more
new mutations it is named as “Variant” which is the part of original virus and it is the basic
cause of infection of second wave (www.who.com, 1st March, 2021). This second wave is disrupting both lives and livelihoods of all. People basically working in unorganised sectors are
suffering a lot with financial crisis, social insecurity, emotional and psychological instability.
Review of Literature
Kurian (2021), has informed that according to the prediction of data science experts, the second wave will be worst in April-May. Because lack of obedience of COVID-19 guidelines
like: away from social gathering, avoiding functions of crowd and unnecessary travelling,
use of mask and sanitizer. Sharma (2021), stated that by observing religious ceremony like:
“Kumbh Mela” more and more number of people of Up, Delhi and Maharashtra were affected
a lot by the second wave of COVID-19 virus. The new cases were 2, 34,692 as on 16th April
and death cases in Maharashtra, UP and Delhi were 398, 103 and 141 respectively. According to Sinha et al. (2021), the second wave of COVID-19 captures people of all age group
(Children, youngsters and elderly people) with a little negligence and there is also chances
of reinfection after rescue from the disease. Malik (2021), has suggested that, people should
use protected mask, maintain social distance, sanitise hands and be more careful for hygienic
measures to control the spread of the virus. Singha (2021), has said that no doubt the second
wave of COVID-19 has made the socio-economic life of people disrupted, but they should
follow basic guidelines and vaccine also.
Methodology
This study is based on analysis of secondary data by reviewing articles, newspapers and
sources of internet.
Academia Letters, July 2021
©2021 by the author — Open Access — Distributed under CC BY 4.0
Corresponding Author: Dr. Debajani palai, debajani.palai@gmail.com
Citation: Palai, D.D. (2021). 2nd Wave of COVID-19: Symptoms, Causes, Effects & Precautions. Academia
Letters, Article 2396.
2
Objectives
• To focus on symptoms of second wave of COVID-19 and its basic reasons
• To discuss its effects and provide precautionary measures
Symptoms of 2nd Wave of COVID
The second wave of Covid consists of unusual symptoms like: vomiting, gastrointestinal problem, joint pain, abdominal pain, body-ache, head-ache, fever, flue and fatigue. It is very difficult for the common people to identify whether he or she is suffering from the Covid infection.
The basic symptom is breathing difficulties as the virus reduces the saturation of oxygen and
damages lungs (Desai, 2021).
Causes of 2nd Wave of COVID
The experts in India have identified the Covid mutations or the scary double mutant virus
which is traced through different manners and entered into the body very rapidly. The second
wave of Corona virus is due to the merge of new “double mutant” variant, which is named
as “B.1.617” has created divesting situation for the country as hospitals are over burden with
patients (https://in.news.yahoo.com, 23rd April, 2021). Many people have been seen in travelling without wearing mask and maintaining social distance in metro trains of Mumbai, Delhi
and Bengaluru which is the vital cause of community transmission of new strain. The celebrations of weddings, festivals and other functions along with reopening of closed premises
like: educational institutions, offices, business, cinema halls, etc. have invited second wave
of COVID-19 (Thadani, 2021). Another reason is the political rallies for election in different
states like: Kerala, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu and Assam which have generated large number
of crowed and violated social distancing principle (Dutta, 2021).The shortage of vaccine in
some states can also be the cause of spread of virus as many people are deprived of to be
vaccinated. The Maharashtra has faced the heavy shortage of vaccine which was halting their
inoculation drives. At the same time the production capacity of Covishield is very stressed
(Choudhury, 2021).
Academia Letters, July 2021
©2021 by the author — Open Access — Distributed under CC BY 4.0
Corresponding Author: Dr. Debajani palai, debajani.palai@gmail.com
Citation: Palai, D.D. (2021). 2nd Wave of COVID-19: Symptoms, Causes, Effects & Precautions. Academia
Letters, Article 2396.
3
Effects of 2nd Wave of COVID
In India on 22nd February, 2021 the second wave of Covid-19 has captured more than 10,000
people, but suddenly the number of cases has increased to more than 80,000 in the next 30-40
days (Sinha, 2021). On 28th March, 2021 the second wave of Covid has affected 35,636 people and on 2nd April, 2021 the Covid positives were 11.4 lakh. The states like: Maharashtra,
Kerala, and Karnataka have seriously affected by the new strain. As on 4th April, 2021 the
new active cases were 93,249 (Nahata, 2021). To control the second wave of the COVID the
county has followed strategies like: lockdowns, shut down and curfews. These are helpful to
break the chain of social gathering and spread of infection. But due to shutdown of industries and firms, large number of migrant workers have become unemployed and shelter less.
The people working in informal sectors have returned to their natives by covering thousand
miles of distances by walking or by bicycle and some died on the way by accident and exhaustion. Again the second wave of Covid which is spreading faster than the first wave and
affecting senior citizens, children and young people severely has put the question on both life
and livelihood of people. (Nanda & Ghosh, 2021). The migrant workers who are restricted
to meet their family members during quarantine period are very distressed and anxious. At
the same time, they face humiliation from their local community with the fear of spread of
the virus. They are also worried for wellbeing and safety of their family members along with
stressful to search new job to run their families. The second wave has brought lack of employment, shortage of income, unbearable health expenses, and loss of life and threat of virus
along with socio-economic instability of a large section of population which will compound
the misery of people (Singh, 5th May, 2021).
Precautions
To curb the spread of second wave of COVID in India different states have implemented the
strategies of lockdown and curfews. Till 1st of May, 2021 the state Maharashtra has announced Janta Curfew, Delhi has initiated weekend curfew, Chandigarh has declared night
curfew from 10 pm to 5 am, and Odisha has also initiated night curfew from 9 pm. To 5am.
Similarly, states like: Haryana, Bihar, Rajasthan, Punjab, Karnataka, Gujarat and others are
taking initiatives to control the spread of virus Nearly 70% of Covid patients are detected from
urban areas and to control the spread of the virus Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka and other
states have established own committees which are co-ordinated with health officials and district authorities. These committees are engaged in maintaining record of migrants and their
tests (Dixit, 2021). To restrict the further rising of positive cases India should follow strict
Academia Letters, July 2021
©2021 by the author — Open Access — Distributed under CC BY 4.0
Corresponding Author: Dr. Debajani palai, debajani.palai@gmail.com
Citation: Palai, D.D. (2021). 2nd Wave of COVID-19: Symptoms, Causes, Effects & Precautions. Academia
Letters, Article 2396.
4
Covid appropriate behaviour. The Government should restrict gathering, rallies, observation
of festivals and other ceremonies. To reduce overburden of hospitals the business enterprises
should follow online services. Hence, maintain of social distance and avoiding unnecessary
crowd can help to control the spread of the new strain.
The vaccines are helpful to control the spread of the virus, but there is also chances of
reinfection even after taking the vaccine. According to the specialists it is always important
to be protected from reinfection by taking Covid control measures like: use of double protective mask, hygiene measures, sanitize hands and wash hands properly and maintain social
distancing (www.srisriholistichospital.com). The doctors always give advice people to enhance the natural immunity of body to protect themselves from second wave of Corona virus
(www.dnaindia.com)
Conclusion
The virus of second wave is highly infectious and easily transmittable to all generations. The
people should use double protective mask, maintain social distance, sanitise hands, and be
more careful for hygienic measures and vaccine to control the spread of the virus. Another
vital point is that people should wear mask properly which covers nose and mouth. It is also
advisable that, after taking vaccine people should not forget to maintain Covid guidelines. A
little negligence may invite the virus and create community transmission and reinfection. At
the same time, it is very beneficial to add yoga and exercise in regular pattern of life as it helps
to enhance the immunity and fit the body and maintain peace of mind. To be protected from
COVID-19 the best practice is to stay home and stay safe.
References
Choudhury, S. (2021), “India’s second wave of Covid shows no signs of slowing as country
reports over 200,000 new cases”, www.cnbc.com
Desai, S. (2021), “Covid-19 second wave: New symptoms to watch out for”, 10th May, 2021,
www.timesofindia.indiantimes.com
Dixit, K. (2021), “Uttar Pradesh: 50% of Covid-19 patients in second wave aged between 40
and 65 years in Prayagraj”, www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com
Dutta, P.K. (2021) “Covid-19 second wave: 5 reasons why coronavirus cases are rising”,
www.indiatoday.in
Academia Letters, July 2021
©2021 by the author — Open Access — Distributed under CC BY 4.0
Corresponding Author: Dr. Debajani palai, debajani.palai@gmail.com
Citation: Palai, D.D. (2021). 2nd Wave of COVID-19: Symptoms, Causes, Effects & Precautions. Academia
Letters, Article 2396.
5
Kurian, S. (2021), “India to see worst of COVIID-19 second wave in April-May, what data
experts predict”, www.thenewsminute.com
Malik, V. (2021), “COVID-19 Second Wave: Double Mask for Double Protection? Is It True?
Known from This Experts”, www.onlymyhealth.com
Nahata, P. (2021), “Covid-19: Indian Economy Find Itself on the Edge amid Second Wave”,
Nahata, P. (2021), “Covid-19: Indian Economy Find Itself on the Edge amid Second Wave”.
Nanda, P.K. & Ghosh, M. (2021), “Cities to see an exodus of migrant workers”, www.livemint.com
Pakrasi, S. (2021), “India by mid-April, say scientists”, www.hindustantimes
Sharma, G. (2021), “The second wave of COVID: The how and why”, www.citizenmatters.in
Singh, A.P. (2021), “COVID-19 Second Wave Economic challenges India must be prepared
for”, www.moneycontrol.com
Singha, M. (2021), “Experts advise calm as 2nd wave threaten to disrupt lives again”, http://
timesofindia.indiantimes.com
Sinha, A. (2021), “Explained: How India’s second wave of Covid-19 is different and why
lockdown might not be the answer”, www.indianexpress.com.
Thadani, A. (2021), “Second wave of COVID-19: Causes and Solutions”www.orfonline.org
“The effects of virus variants on COVID-19 vaccines” 1st March, 2021, www.who.in
(https://www.srisriholistichospitals.com).
(www.dnaindia.com).
Academia Letters, July 2021
©2021 by the author — Open Access — Distributed under CC BY 4.0
Corresponding Author: Dr. Debajani palai, debajani.palai@gmail.com
Citation: Palai, D.D. (2021). 2nd Wave of COVID-19: Symptoms, Causes, Effects & Precautions. Academia
Letters, Article 2396.
6
ACADEMIA Letters
2nd Wave of COVID-19: Symptoms, Causes, Effects &
Precautions
Dr. Debajani palai, Faculty, IMIT
Abstract
The Second Wave of COVID-19 which is more infectious than the first one is severely affecting
the people. The experts of Brazil has stated that this new strain is highly active as it consists
of unusual symptoms and captures the organs immediately. Similarly, the European countries
are also facing the second wave of the virus and the experts have suggested that this mutant
virus demands more caution and restrictions to be controlled. Now India is under the trap of
second wave of Covid-19 and the cases are increasing day-by-day with different viral signs
unlike classic symptoms of first wave of the pandemic. This study focuses on the symptoms,
causes, effects and precautions related to the second wave of Covid-19.
Keywords: Second Wave of COVID, New Strain, Highly Infectious, Unusual Symptoms
Introduction
On the basis of a mathematical approach called “SUTRA” it has been predicted by the scientists that there is continuous rise in number of new cases within the mid of April. To predict
the Coronavirus pandemic the “SUTRA” model consists of three basic parameters which are
“Beta”, “Reach” and “Epsilon” “Beta” is the rate of contact which states about the number
of people are being infected by the infected person per day. It is related to “R-naught value”
Academia Letters, July 2021
©2021 by the author — Open Access — Distributed under CC BY 4.0
Corresponding Author: Dr. Debajani palai, debajani.palai@gmail.com
Citation: Palai, D.D. (2021). 2nd Wave of COVID-19: Symptoms, Causes, Effects & Precautions. Academia
Letters, Article 2396.
1
which states about the spreading number of virus by the infected person. “Reach” measures
the level of exposure of the population to Corona virus. “Epsilon” which is the ratio of detected and undetected Covid-19 cases (Pakrasi, 3rd April, 2021). The doctors also make aware
of the people about the sensitivity of the infectious virus as it poses high risk to life. The scientists have detected various mutations in “SARS-CoV-2” which caused the Covid-19 and
some of the mutations which are named as “Variants of Concern” or “VoCs” are the reason
of the second wave of Covid-19. Sometimes a little bit, changes occur in main virus which is
a normal characteristic and it is called as “mutations”. When a virus comes with one or more
new mutations it is named as “Variant” which is the part of original virus and it is the basic
cause of infection of second wave (www.who.com, 1st March, 2021). This second wave is disrupting both lives and livelihoods of all. People basically working in unorganised sectors are
suffering a lot with financial crisis, social insecurity, emotional and psychological instability.
Review of Literature
Kurian (2021), has informed that according to the prediction of data science experts, the second wave will be worst in April-May. Because lack of obedience of COVID-19 guidelines
like: away from social gathering, avoiding functions of crowd and unnecessary travelling,
use of mask and sanitizer. Sharma (2021), stated that by observing religious ceremony like:
“Kumbh Mela” more and more number of people of Up, Delhi and Maharashtra were affected
a lot by the second wave of COVID-19 virus. The new cases were 2, 34,692 as on 16th April
and death cases in Maharashtra, UP and Delhi were 398, 103 and 141 respectively. According to Sinha et al. (2021), the second wave of COVID-19 captures people of all age group
(Children, youngsters and elderly people) with a little negligence and there is also chances
of reinfection after rescue from the disease. Malik (2021), has suggested that, people should
use protected mask, maintain social distance, sanitise hands and be more careful for hygienic
measures to control the spread of the virus. Singha (2021), has said that no doubt the second
wave of COVID-19 has made the socio-economic life of people disrupted, but they should
follow basic guidelines and vaccine also.
Methodology
This study is based on analysis of secondary data by reviewing articles, newspapers and
sources of internet.
Academia Letters, July 2021
©2021 by the author — Open Access — Distributed under CC BY 4.0
Corresponding Author: Dr. Debajani palai, debajani.palai@gmail.com
Citation: Palai, D.D. (2021). 2nd Wave of COVID-19: Symptoms, Causes, Effects & Precautions. Academia
Letters, Article 2396.
2
Objectives
• To focus on symptoms of second wave of COVID-19 and its basic reasons
• To discuss its effects and provide precautionary measures
Symptoms of 2nd Wave of COVID
The second wave of Covid consists of unusual symptoms like: vomiting, gastrointestinal problem, joint pain, abdominal pain, body-ache, head-ache, fever, flue and fatigue. It is very difficult for the common people to identify whether he or she is suffering from the Covid infection.
The basic symptom is breathing difficulties as the virus reduces the saturation of oxygen and
damages lungs (Desai, 2021).
Causes of 2nd Wave of COVID
The experts in India have identified the Covid mutations or the scary double mutant virus
which is traced through different manners and entered into the body very rapidly. The second
wave of Corona virus is due to the merge of new “double mutant” variant, which is named
as “B.1.617” has created divesting situation for the country as hospitals are over burden with
patients (https://in.news.yahoo.com, 23rd April, 2021). Many people have been seen in travelling without wearing mask and maintaining social distance in metro trains of Mumbai, Delhi
and Bengaluru which is the vital cause of community transmission of new strain. The celebrations of weddings, festivals and other functions along with reopening of closed premises
like: educational institutions, offices, business, cinema halls, etc. have invited second wave
of COVID-19 (Thadani, 2021). Another reason is the political rallies for election in different
states like: Kerala, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu and Assam which have generated large number
of crowed and violated social distancing principle (Dutta, 2021).The shortage of vaccine in
some states can also be the cause of spread of virus as many people are deprived of to be
vaccinated. The Maharashtra has faced the heavy shortage of vaccine which was halting their
inoculation drives. At the same time the production capacity of Covishield is very stressed
(Choudhury, 2021).
Academia Letters, July 2021
©2021 by the author — Open Access — Distributed under CC BY 4.0
Corresponding Author: Dr. Debajani palai, debajani.palai@gmail.com
Citation: Palai, D.D. (2021). 2nd Wave of COVID-19: Symptoms, Causes, Effects & Precautions. Academia
Letters, Article 2396.
3
Effects of 2nd Wave of COVID
In India on 22nd February, 2021 the second wave of Covid-19 has captured more than 10,000
people, but suddenly the number of cases has increased to more than 80,000 in the next 30-40
days (Sinha, 2021). On 28th March, 2021 the second wave of Covid has affected 35,636 people and on 2nd April, 2021 the Covid positives were 11.4 lakh. The states like: Maharashtra,
Kerala, and Karnataka have seriously affected by the new strain. As on 4th April, 2021 the
new active cases were 93,249 (Nahata, 2021). To control the second wave of the COVID the
county has followed strategies like: lockdowns, shut down and curfews. These are helpful to
break the chain of social gathering and spread of infection. But due to shutdown of industries and firms, large number of migrant workers have become unemployed and shelter less.
The people working in informal sectors have returned to their natives by covering thousand
miles of distances by walking or by bicycle and some died on the way by accident and exhaustion. Again the second wave of Covid which is spreading faster than the first wave and
affecting senior citizens, children and young people severely has put the question on both life
and livelihood of people. (Nanda & Ghosh, 2021). The migrant workers who are restricted
to meet their family members during quarantine period are very distressed and anxious. At
the same time, they face humiliation from their local community with the fear of spread of
the virus. They are also worried for wellbeing and safety of their family members along with
stressful to search new job to run their families. The second wave has brought lack of employment, shortage of income, unbearable health expenses, and loss of life and threat of virus
along with socio-economic instability of a large section of population which will compound
the misery of people (Singh, 5th May, 2021).
Precautions
To curb the spread of second wave of COVID in India different states have implemented the
strategies of lockdown and curfews. Till 1st of May, 2021 the state Maharashtra has announced Janta Curfew, Delhi has initiated weekend curfew, Chandigarh has declared night
curfew from 10 pm to 5 am, and Odisha has also initiated night curfew from 9 pm. To 5am.
Similarly, states like: Haryana, Bihar, Rajasthan, Punjab, Karnataka, Gujarat and others are
taking initiatives to control the spread of virus Nearly 70% of Covid patients are detected from
urban areas and to control the spread of the virus Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka and other
states have established own committees which are co-ordinated with health officials and district authorities. These committees are engaged in maintaining record of migrants and their
tests (Dixit, 2021). To restrict the further rising of positive cases India should follow strict
Academia Letters, July 2021
©2021 by the author — Open Access — Distributed under CC BY 4.0
Corresponding Author: Dr. Debajani palai, debajani.palai@gmail.com
Citation: Palai, D.D. (2021). 2nd Wave of COVID-19: Symptoms, Causes, Effects & Precautions. Academia
Letters, Article 2396.
4
Covid appropriate behaviour. The Government should restrict gathering, rallies, observation
of festivals and other ceremonies. To reduce overburden of hospitals the business enterprises
should follow online services. Hence, maintain of social distance and avoiding unnecessary
crowd can help to control the spread of the new strain.
The vaccines are helpful to control the spread of the virus, but there is also chances of
reinfection even after taking the vaccine. According to the specialists it is always important
to be protected from reinfection by taking Covid control measures like: use of double protective mask, hygiene measures, sanitize hands and wash hands properly and maintain social
distancing (www.srisriholistichospital.com). The doctors always give advice people to enhance the natural immunity of body to protect themselves from second wave of Corona virus
(www.dnaindia.com)
Conclusion
The virus of second wave is highly infectious and easily transmittable to all generations. The
people should use double protective mask, maintain social distance, sanitise hands, and be
more careful for hygienic measures and vaccine to control the spread of the virus. Another
vital point is that people should wear mask properly which covers nose and mouth. It is also
advisable that, after taking vaccine people should not forget to maintain Covid guidelines. A
little negligence may invite the virus and create community transmission and reinfection. At
the same time, it is very beneficial to add yoga and exercise in regular pattern of life as it helps
to enhance the immunity and fit the body and maintain peace of mind. To be protected from
COVID-19 the best practice is to stay home and stay safe.
References
Choudhury, S. (2021), “India’s second wave of Covid shows no signs of slowing as country
reports over 200,000 new cases”, www.cnbc.com
Desai, S. (2021), “Covid-19 second wave: New symptoms to watch out for”, 10th May, 2021,
www.timesofindia.indiantimes.com
Dixit, K. (2021), “Uttar Pradesh: 50% of Covid-19 patients in second wave aged between 40
and 65 years in Prayagraj”, www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com
Dutta, P.K. (2021) “Covid-19 second wave: 5 reasons why coronavirus cases are rising”,
www.indiatoday.in
Academia Letters, July 2021
©2021 by the author — Open Access — Distributed under CC BY 4.0
Corresponding Author: Dr. Debajani palai, debajani.palai@gmail.com
Citation: Palai, D.D. (2021). 2nd Wave of COVID-19: Symptoms, Causes, Effects & Precautions. Academia
Letters, Article 2396.
5
Kurian, S. (2021), “India to see worst of COVIID-19 second wave in April-May, what data
experts predict”, www.thenewsminute.com
Malik, V. (2021), “COVID-19 Second Wave: Double Mask for Double Protection? Is It True?
Known from This Experts”, www.onlymyhealth.com
Nahata, P. (2021), “Covid-19: Indian Economy Find Itself on the Edge amid Second Wave”,
Nahata, P. (2021), “Covid-19: Indian Economy Find Itself on the Edge amid Second Wave”.
Nanda, P.K. & Ghosh, M. (2021), “Cities to see an exodus of migrant workers”, www.livemint.com
Pakrasi, S. (2021), “India by mid-April, say scientists”, www.hindustantimes
Sharma, G. (2021), “The second wave of COVID: The how and why”, www.citizenmatters.in
Singh, A.P. (2021), “COVID-19 Second Wave Economic challenges India must be prepared
for”, www.moneycontrol.com
Singha, M. (2021), “Experts advise calm as 2nd wave threaten to disrupt lives again”, http://
timesofindia.indiantimes.com
Sinha, A. (2021), “Explained: How India’s second wave of Covid-19 is different and why
lockdown might not be the answer”, www.indianexpress.com.
Thadani, A. (2021), “Second wave of COVID-19: Causes and Solutions”www.orfonline.org
“The effects of virus variants on COVID-19 vaccines” 1st March, 2021, www.who.in
(https://www.srisriholistichospitals.com).
(www.dnaindia.com).
Academia Letters, July 2021
©2021 by the author — Open Access — Distributed under CC BY 4.0
Corresponding Author: Dr. Debajani palai, debajani.palai@gmail.com
Citation: Palai, D.D. (2021). 2nd Wave of COVID-19: Symptoms, Causes, Effects & Precautions. Academia
Letters, Article 2396.
6
debajani palai