Positive Orientation and Fatigue Experienced by Polish Nursing Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediatory Role of Emotional Control
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Positive Orientation
1.2. Emotional Control
1.3. Tiredness/Fatigue
- Does positive orientation serve the role of a predictor of tiredness/fatigue occurring in the nursing students under study?
- Does emotional control, understood with respect to the control of anger, depression and anxiety, play a role in mediating in the relationship between positive orientation and tiredness/fatigue in nursing students?
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Settings and Design
2.2. Research Instruments
2.2.1. The Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS)
2.2.2. The Courtauld Emotional Control Scale (CECS)
2.2.3. The Positivity Scale (SOP)
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participants
3.2. Variable Analysis
3.3. Mediation Analysis
4. Discussion
Limitations and Implications Regarding Professional Practice
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | N = 894 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | 95% CI | Me | Min.–Max. | SD | Skewness | Kurtosis | ||
SOP | 26.87 | 26.48–27.26 | 27 | 9–40 | 5.90 | −0.34 | 0.02 | |
FSS | 37.93 | 37.20–38.65 | 38 | 9–63 | 11.38 | −0.04 | −0.22 | |
Subscales-CECS | Anger control | 16.66 | 16.13–16.82 | 16 | 7–28 | 4.79 | 0.18 | −0.74 |
Depression control | 17.87 | 17.91–19.58 | 19 | 7–29 | 4.62 | −0.17 | −0.54 | |
Anxiety control | 16.92 | 16.71–17.36 | 17 | 7–30 | 4.85 | 0.03 | −0.32 | |
CECS-general emotional control | 51.45 | 50.95–52.55 | 52 | 21–84 | 11.74 | 0.05 | −0.16 |
Variables | 1. | 2. | 3. | 4. | 5. | 6. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | SOP | - | ||||||
2. | FSS | −0.336 *** | - | |||||
3. | Subscales-CECS | Anger control | −0.154 ** | 0.088 *** | - | |||
4. | Depression control | −0.376 *** | 0.303 *** | 0.508 *** | - | |||
5. | Anxiety control | −0.236 ** | 0.095 *** | 0.408 *** | 0.481 *** | - | ||
6. | CECS—General emotional control | −0.317 *** | 0.201 *** | 0.804 *** | 0.824 *** | 0.779 *** | - |
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Kupcewicz, E.; Rachubińska, K.; Gaworska-Krzemińska, A.; Andruszkiewicz, A.; Kawalec-Kajstura, E.; Kozieł, D.; Basińska, M.A.; Grochans, E. Positive Orientation and Fatigue Experienced by Polish Nursing Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediatory Role of Emotional Control. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 2971. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11112971
Kupcewicz E, Rachubińska K, Gaworska-Krzemińska A, Andruszkiewicz A, Kawalec-Kajstura E, Kozieł D, Basińska MA, Grochans E. Positive Orientation and Fatigue Experienced by Polish Nursing Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediatory Role of Emotional Control. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(11):2971. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11112971
Chicago/Turabian StyleKupcewicz, Ewa, Kamila Rachubińska, Aleksandra Gaworska-Krzemińska, Anna Andruszkiewicz, Ewa Kawalec-Kajstura, Dorota Kozieł, Małgorzata A. Basińska, and Elżbieta Grochans. 2022. "Positive Orientation and Fatigue Experienced by Polish Nursing Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediatory Role of Emotional Control" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 11: 2971. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11112971