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Comparison of the pathogenicity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-1 and PRRSV-2 in pregnant sows

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Abstract

To date, few studies related to the evaluation of the pathogenicity of different PRRSV isolates using a reproductive model have been undertaken, and the main focus has remained on respiratory models using young pigs. This study aimed to evaluate the pathogenicity of two PRRSV-1 isolates (D40 and CBNU0495) and two PRRSV-2 isolates (K07-2273 and K08-1054) in a reproductive model. Pregnant sows were experimentally infected with PRRSV at gestational day 93 or used as an uninfected negative control. Sera were collected at 0, 3, 7, 14, and 19 days post-challenge (dpc) for virological and serological assays. At 19 dpc, all sows were euthanized, and their fetuses were recovered by performing cesarean section and immediately euthanized for sample collection. Here, compared to the other isolates, the CBNU0495 isolate replicated most efficiently in the pregnant sows, and K07-2273 produced the highest rate of reproductive failure even though it did not replicate as efficiently as the other isolates in sows and fetuses, indicating that vertical transmission and reproductive failure due to PRRSV infection do not have any significant correlation with the viral loads in samples from sows and fetuses. Similarly, the viral loads and the histopathological lesions did not show any correlation with each other, as the PRRSV-2-infected groups displayed more prominent and frequent histopathological lesions with lower viral loads than the PRRSV-1-infected groups. However, viral loads in the myometrium/endometrium might be related to the spreading of PRRSV in the fetuses, which affected the birth weight of live fetuses. This study contributes to a better understanding of the pathogenicity of the most prevalent Korean PRRSVs in a reproductive model.

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The datasets generated or analyzed during this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully thank the laboratory technicians at the Veterinary Diagnostic Center of Jeonbuk National University (JBNU) for their constant assistance throughout the study.

Funding

This research was funded by grants from the Animal Disease Management Technology Development Program (118093-03 & 321015-01-1) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea.

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Contributions

Conceptualization, W.-I.K. and B.S.K.; validation, C.-G.J. and S.N.; formal analysis, C.-G.J. and S.-C.K. (Seung-Chai Kim); investigation, S.-C.K. (Sang Chul Kang) and M.-S.Y.; resources, Y.-H.N., D.-U.L. and I.-J.Y.; data curation, C.-G.J.; writing—original draft preparation, C.-G.J.; writing—review and editing, B.-J.S. and W.-I.K.; visualization, C.-G.J., S.-I.L. and S.N.; supervision, W.-I.K.; project administration, C.-G.J. and A.K.; funding acquisition, W.-I.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Bumseok Kim or Won-Il Kim.

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The animal experiment protocol of this study was approved by the Jeonbuk National University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (approval number 2016-0043), and the experiment was conducted in accordance with the guidelines and regulations detailed by the committee.

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Jeong, CG., Nazki, S., Kim, SC. et al. Comparison of the pathogenicity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-1 and PRRSV-2 in pregnant sows. Arch Virol 167, 425–439 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-021-05303-8

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