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2021 •
The COVID-19 is a zoonotic disease and is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It is the type of coronavirus. The structural proteins of the virus include the spike (S) protein, membrane (M) protein, envelop protein (E), and nucleocapsid (N) protein. The replication of the virus utilizes all structural proteins. The infection of the host occurs due to the binding of the spike protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE II). It is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus belong to the family Coronavridae. The recent outbreak of this disease has caused a lethal pandemic. The previous knowledge of SARS-CoV has helped to develop a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 also. The humoral and cell-mediated immune response is protective against this infection. The antibody response generated against the S protein, which is the most exposed protein of SARS-CoV, has been shown to protect from infection in mouse models. Multiple studies have shown that the antibodies generated against the N protein...
Nano Biomedicine and Engineering
SARS-CoV-2: Literature Review Focusing on Structure, Diagnosis and Vaccine Development2022 •
SARS-CoV-2 is a highly pathogenic novel ongoing-pandemic virus. It causes COVID-19. Little is known about SARS-CoV-2 biology, countermeasure, and its origin. SARS-CoV-2 is characterized by high infectiousness and sever pathogenesis. COVID-19 crosses the bounders of all continents in a high spreading manner. Here, several aspects regarding the origin and the molecular structure of this novel virus as well as the production of effective vaccines have been addressed. This article illustrated that SARS-CoV-2 was not being recombined inside laboratory and it has a complicated genome that led to sophisticated pathogenesis. Additionally, an important structural protein known as spike S was demonstrated by researchers as an important protein used by the virus for host cell entry as well as for vaccine development. However, the efforts for viral diagnosis and genomic demonstration as well as vaccine production are promising to tackle COVID-19. These perspectives will help in COVID-19 control. However, further investigations are urgently needed to figure out which controlling tactic is more efficient not only in the case of SARS-CoV-2 but also for future pandemics.
Iranian Journal of Virology
SARS-CoV-2: A Review of Present & Future Perspectives2020 •
As the dawn of this new decade has begun, we have faced our arch-nemesis right at the start in the form of Coronavirus also known as COVID-19. Since its origin from Wuhan, China, it has been declared a pandemic and has affected several countries worldwide. This review article summarizes all the research, techniques, strategies, and treatment methodologies that are taking place internationally in the current frame of time. The road to developing a viable and effective vaccine has many hurdles that we have to pass through. Modern research has identified the receptor ACE2 that is common in both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. This homogeneity gives us a lead because we have an enormous amount of genomics and proteomics’ data related to the original strain and other viruses of the subfamily betacoronaviruses like MERS etc. Furthermore, the organization of the genome of this novel strain, as well as future perspectives of therapeutic procedures like by utilizing stem cells for immunomodulation ...
Medical Microbiology and Immunology
Molecular variants of SARS-CoV-2: antigenic properties and current vaccine efficacy2022 •
Virus Research
Prospect of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: Potential role in vaccine and therapeutic development2020 •
a novel virus, namely COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2, developed from Wuhan, (Hubei territory of China) used its viral spike glycoprotein receptor-binding domain (RBD) for the entrance into a host cell by binding with ACE-2 receptor and cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Data revealed that the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 affected more than 24,854,140 people with 838,924 deaths worldwide. Until now, no licensed immunization or drugs are present for the medication of SARS-CoV-2. The present review aims to investigate the latest developments and discuss the candidate antibodies in different vaccine categories to develop a reliable and efficient vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in a short time duration. Besides, the review focus on the present challenges and future directions, structure, and mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 for a better understanding. Based on data, we revealed that most of the vaccines are focus on targeting the spike protein (S) of COVID-19 to neutralized viral infection and develop long-lasting immunity. Up to phase-1 clinical trials, some vaccines showed the specific antigen-receptor T-cell response, elicit the humoral and immune response, displayed tight binding with human-leukocytes-antigen (HLA), and recognized specific antibodies to provoke long-lasting immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
The new SARS-CoV-2 virus is an RNA virus that belongs to the Coronaviridae family and causes COVID-19 disease. The newly sequenced virus appears to originate in China and rapidly spread throughout the world, becoming a pandemic that, until January 5th, 2021, has caused more than 1,866,000 deaths. Hence, laboratories worldwide are developing an effective vaccine against this disease, which will be essential to reduce morbidity and mortality. Currently, there more than 64 vaccine candidates, most of them aiming to induce neutralizing antibodies against the spike protein (S). These antibodies will prevent uptake through the human ACE-2 receptor, thereby limiting viral entrance. Different vaccine platforms are being used for vaccine development, each one presenting several advantages and disadvantages. Thus far, thirteen vaccine candidates are being tested in Phase 3 clinical trials; therefore, it is closer to receiving approval or authorization for large-scale immunizations.
International Journal of Pathogen Research
SARS-CoV-2 Recombinant Spike Protein-based Vaccine: A Promising Candidate against the Recent Imperial Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)In time past, to date combating against diseases and fatal disorders (of known or idiopathic cause) is a major effort among the human race. The emergence of several, novel and pathogenic viral infections have posed a great threat to humanity and could wipe us out of existence if there are no counter measures. Among the increasing number of pathogenic viruses in this past decade, the advent of the recent imperial SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus type cannot be underestimated as it is not just a malady endemic to a nation, but have also triggered an emergency of public health across the globe. SARS-CoV-2 a memorial of the initial Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) reported in China in (2003) is the etiological agent of the mysterious COVID-19 reported to originate from Wuhan, Hubei province, China in 2019. Though the virus exhibit mild pathogenicity compared to other previously emerged human coronaviruses (HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV), however, the high transmissibility and infectivity among human is alarming. In spite the evidences from the increasing number of substantiated global cases and deaths resulting from the epidemic outbreak to date, curative measures to curtail and treat this disease are still lacking. Just like SARS-CoV, it has been revealed that SARS-CoV-2 also uses similar receptor for infectivity and shares similar disease pathogenesis. This knowledge presents a therapeutic target against COVID-19. The presence of cross-reactive epitopes in the spike protein subunit of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 present the use of neutralization antibodies from convalescent SARS challenged patients against COVID 19. However, limited cross-neutralization due to lower sequence conservation in the Spike protein subunit could render this approach ineffective. Realizing the urgent need for developing potent therapeutics against the imminent risk of COVID-19 on humanity, this review article, suggests the use of SARS-CoV-2 recombinant Spike protein-based vaccine as an immunotherapeutic target to combat COVID-19 based on garnered knowledge from researches on consanguineal coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV), and current trends in vaccine development against this infection.
2010 •
WA 0858 5071 3058 (Mbak Sisca) Lemari Plastik Bojonegoro
TOKO FURNITURE PRISKILAWA 0858 5071 3058 (Mbak Sisca2021 •
2013 •
2009 •
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology
Placenta percreta - an audacious experience2016 •
Pakistan Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Assessment of Heavy Metal Residues in Excreta of Rock Pigeon (Columba Livia) and Domestic Pigeon (Columba livia Domestica) in Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan2011 •
Open Forum Infectious Diseases
Surveillance for Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa at Five United States Sites—20152016 •
European Urology Supplements
Can gram staining of urine from initial renal pelvis puncture during percutaneous nephrolithotomy be better than preoperative voiding urine culture for predicting urinary infection?2019 •
Neurological Sciences
Lack of evidence for Toxocara infection in Italian myelitis patients2019 •
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology
Crack Detection of Medical Bone Image Using Contrast Stretching Algorithm with the Help of Edge Detection2015 •
2019 •
2010 •
2015 •
Educação e diversidade cultural: desafios para os estudos da infância e da formação docente
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Medicina Clínica
Prevalencia de la hipertensión arterial en la población inmigrante asistida en atención primaria en España2007 •
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RIGHTS LAW REVIEW
Book Review on Cyber Crime and the Victimization of Women: Laws, Rights and Regulations2024 •
2020 •
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
A model for phase separation in systems with orbital ordering2009 •
2007 •