Exploring the Influence of Problematic Mobile Phone Use on Mathematics Anxiety and Mathematics Self-Efficacy: An Empirical Study during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review and Hypotheses Development
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Data Collection Tool
3.2. Data Collection
3.3. Participants
3.4. Data Analysis
4. Results
4.1. The Results of the Measurement Model
4.2. The Results of the Structural Model
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Construct | Item | Description |
---|---|---|
Problematic mobile phone use | PMU1 | My grades dropped due to excessive mobile phone use. |
PMU2 | I have a hard time doing what I have planned (study, do coursework, or go to afterschool classes) due to using mobile phone. | |
PMU3 | People frequently comment on my excessive mobile phone use. | |
PMU4 | Family or friends complain that I use my mobile phone too much. | |
PMU5 | My mobile phone distracts me from my studies. | |
PMU6 | Using a mobile phone is more enjoyable than spending time with family or friends. | |
PMU7 | When I cannot use a mobile phone, I feel like I have lost the entire world. | |
PMU8 | It would be painful if I am not allowed to use a mobile phone. | |
PMU9 | I get restless and nervous when I am without a mobile phone. | |
PMU10 | I am anxious when I am without a mobile phone. | |
PMU11 | I panic when I cannot use my mobile phone. | |
PMU12 | I try cutting my mobile phone usage time, but I fail. | |
PMU13 | I cannot control my mobile phone usage time. | |
PMU14 | Even when I think I should stop, I continue to use my mobile phone too much. | |
PMU15 | Spending a lot of time on my mobile phone has become a habit. | |
Mathematics self-efficacy | MSE1 | I expect to do as well as or better than other students in the mathematics courses. |
MSE2 | I am confident I will do well on mathematics assignments and projects. | |
MSE3 | I believe I can master the knowledge and skills in the mathematics courses. | |
MSE4 | I am confident I will do well on mathematics tests. | |
MSE5 | I believe I can earn good grades in the mathematics courses. | |
Mathematics anxiety | MA1 | I often worry that it will be difficult for me in the mathematics courses. |
MA2 | I get very tense when I have to do mathematics coursework. | |
MA3 | I get very nervous doing mathematics problems. | |
MA4 | feel helpless when doing a mathematics problem. |
Construct | Item | M | SD | FL | Cronbach’s Alpha |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
disturbance of adaptive functions | PMU1 | 4.32 | 1.76 | 0.94 | 0.957 |
PMU2 | 4.26 | 1.76 | 0.98 | ||
virtual life orientation | PMU6 | 3.57 | 1.84 | 0.85 | 0.878 |
PMU7 | 3.89 | 1.83 | 0.92 | ||
withdrawal | PMU10 | 3.81 | 1.82 | 0.95 | 0.982 |
PMU11 | 3.82 | 1.83 | 0.98 | ||
tolerance | PMU12 | 3.81 | 1.77 | 0.95 | 0.971 |
PMU13 | 3.87 | 1.76 | 0.97 | ||
PMU14 | 3.86 | 1.78 | 0.97 | ||
PMU15 | 4.03 | 1.77 | 0.89 | ||
mathematics anxiety | MA1 | 4.82 | 1.92 | 0.88 | 0.972 |
MA2 | 4.38 | 1.94 | 0.97 | ||
MA3 | 4.36 | 1.96 | 0.99 | ||
MA4 | 4.33 | 2.03 | 0.95 | ||
mathematics self-efficacy | MSE2 | 5.71 | 1.43 | 0.95 | 0.970 |
MSE3 | 5.67 | 1.45 | 0.98 | ||
MSE4 | 5.55 | 1.52 | 0.95 |
Factor | CR | AVE |
---|---|---|
problematic mobile phone use | 0.91 | 0.71 |
mathematics anxiety | 0.97 | 0.90 |
mathematics self-efficacy | 0.97 | 0.92 |
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Chen, S.; Jiang, H.; Guan, J. Exploring the Influence of Problematic Mobile Phone Use on Mathematics Anxiety and Mathematics Self-Efficacy: An Empirical Study during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability 2022, 14, 9032. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159032
Chen S, Jiang H, Guan J. Exploring the Influence of Problematic Mobile Phone Use on Mathematics Anxiety and Mathematics Self-Efficacy: An Empirical Study during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability. 2022; 14(15):9032. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159032
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Suting, Haozhe Jiang, and Jia Guan. 2022. "Exploring the Influence of Problematic Mobile Phone Use on Mathematics Anxiety and Mathematics Self-Efficacy: An Empirical Study during the COVID-19 Pandemic" Sustainability 14, no. 15: 9032. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159032