Elsevier

Marine Policy

Volume 134, December 2021, 104794
Marine Policy

Full length article
Resilience of small-scale marine fishers of Bangladesh against the COVID-19 pandemic and the 65-day fishing ban

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104794Get rights and content

Highlights

  • Resilience of two small-scale marine fishing communities of Bangladesh against COVID-19-pandemic lockdown and 65-day fishing ban was studied.

  • A conceptual framework consisting of sources of resilience, livelihood capitals, and resilience properties was used to analyze and explain resilience.

  • Weak financial capital, inadequate livelihood diversification, social network and equity, and institutional competency defined fisher’s resilience.

  • Drastic investments through livelihood improvement, skills and knowledge development, and social safety net were recommended to raise resilience.

Abstract

In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic-induced nationwide lockdown (March-May) and the conservation-related 65-day fishing ban (May-July) in Bangladesh restricted its small-scale fishing folks from fishing for an unprecedented 130 days. This study assessed the resilience of two small-scale fishing communities in Barguna and Cox’s Bazar districts against these subsequent disturbances. The research developed a conceptual framework based on Zurich Flood Resilience Alliance’s ‘5 C-4R Framework’, which considers the relationships among a wide range of sources of resilience with livelihood capitals and resilience properties. By analyzing 100 interviews with marine fishers, this paper showed how weakened livelihood capitals affected the resilience of fishing communities. Dependency on a single income source, inadequate access to aid and financial and natural resources, lack of skills and knowledge on alternative livelihood options, absence of strong social protection and social networks, social inequalities, institutional incompetence, and lack of community leadership and cooperation severely affected fishers’ resilience. This study revealed that financial capital is directly linked with all resilience properties that require special attention to ensure fishers’ well-being. The paper recommended drastic investments in small-scale marine fishers through long-term livelihood improvement and asset creation, skills and knowledge development on natural-resource-based alternative income generation activities, and an exclusive social safety net program for these fisherfolks. The approach and findings of this study can guide other emerging economies who enjoy significant contributions from the marine fisheries sector to understand the resilience of their fishers and to address the prevailing challenges owing to the pandemic and other natural calamities.

Keywords

5C-4R dramework
Fisheries
Livelihood capitals
Marine
Shock
Stress

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