Review Article
Outcomes of COVID-19 in Patients with Cirrhosis or Liver Transplantation

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jceh.2021.05.003Get rights and content

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a significant morbidity and mortality in patients with cirrhosis. There is a significantly higher morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19 in patients with decompensated cirrhosis as compared to compensated cirrhosis, and in patients with cirrhosis as compared to noncirrhotic chronic liver disease. The fear of COVID-19 before or after liver transplantation has lead to a significant reduction in liver transplantation numbers, and patients with decompensated cirrhosis remain at risk of wait list mortality. The studies in liver transplantation recipients show that risk of mortality due to COVID-19 is generally driven by higher age and comorbidities. The current review discusses available literature regarding outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with cirrhosis and outcomes in liver transplant recipients.

Keywords

SARS-CoV-2
immunosuppression
liver diseases
nash
mortality

Abbreviations

ACE
angiotensin-converting enzyme related carboxypeptidase receptors
ACLF
acute-on chronic liver failure
ALI
acute liver injury
ALT
alanine transaminase
AST
aspartate aminotransferase
CLD
chronic liver disease
COVID-19
Coronavirus disease 2019
HCWs
health care workers
HR
hazard ratio
LFT
liver function tests
LT
liver transplantation
MELD
model for end-stage liver disease
NAFLD
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
NASH
non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
OR
Odds ratio
SARS-CoV-2
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

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