The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Socioeconomic Deprivation on Admissions to the Emergency Department for Psychiatric Illness: An Observational Study in a Province of Southern Italy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
- Phase 1, from 1 January 2019 to 28 February 2020, the pre-pandemic period, without restrictions.
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Psych (n = 1438) | nPsych (n = 289,872) | p | Significant Pairwise Comparisons |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | ||||
Male | 894 (62.2) | 141,056 (48.7) | <0.001 | |
Female | 544 (37.8) | 148,816 (51.3) | ||
Age | 42 [33–56] | 54 [35–73] | <0.001 | |
Type of access | ||||
Own car (A) | 467 (32.5) | 189,625 (65.4) | <0.001 | A vs. B * |
Ambulance (B) | 961 (66.8) | 94,089 (32.5) | B vs. C * | |
Other (C) | 10 (0.7) | 6159 (2.1) | ||
Nationality | ||||
Italy | 1395 (97.3) | 281,489 (97.4) | 0.803 | |
Foreign | 39 (2.7) | 7551 (2.6) | ||
Discharge | ||||
Recovery (A) | 241 (16.8) | 53,952 (18.6) | <0.001 | A vs. D * |
Refused hospitalization (B) | 47 (3.3) | 8597 (3.0) | B vs. D * | |
Home discharged (C) | 884 (61.5) | 204,462 (70.5) | C vs. D * | |
Other (D) | 266 (18.5) | 22,861 (7.9) | ||
Class of Deprivation | ||||
H (<−0.596) | 251 (17.5) | 77,633 (26.8) | <0.001 | H vs. VL * |
M (−0.596 to −0.194) | 213 (14.8) | 63,067 (21.8) | M vs. VL * | |
L (−0.194 to 0.341) | 104 (7.2) | 33,206 (11.5) | L vs. VL * | |
VL (>0.341) | 870 (60.5) | 115,966 (40.0) |
Parameter | Phase 1 (n = 610) | Phase 2 (n = 443) | Phase 3 (n = 385) | p | Ph1 vs. Ph2 | Ph1 vs. Ph3 | Ph2 vs. Ph3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||||||
Male | 389 (63.8) | 278 (62.8) | 227 (59) | 0.299 | - | - | - |
Age | 42 [37–55] | 43 [33–55] | 43 [31–59] | 0.953 | - | - | - |
Type of access | |||||||
Own car | 235 (38.5) | 133 (30) | 99 (25.7) | <0.001 | 0.01 | <0.001 | 0.327 |
Ambulance | 370 (60.7) | 309 (69.8) | 282 (73.3) | ||||
Other | 5 (0.8) | 1 (0.2) | 4 (1.0) | ||||
Nationality | |||||||
Italy | 591 (97.2) | 435 (98.2) | 369 (96.3) | 0.262 | - | - | - |
Foreign | 17 (2.8) | 8 (1.8) | 14 (3.7) | ||||
Discharge | |||||||
Recovery | 93 (15.3) | 66 (14.9) | 82 (21.3) | <0.001 | 0.702 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Refused hospitalization | 22 (3.6) | 9 (2) | 16 (4.2) | ||||
Home discharged | 396 (64.9) | 300 (67.7) | 188 (48.8) | ||||
Other | 99 (16.2) | 68 (15.4) | 99 (25.7) | ||||
Class of Deprivation | |||||||
H (<−0.596) | 104 (17.1) | 68 (15.4) | 79 (20.5) | 0.093 | - | - | - |
M (−0.596 to −0.194) | 102 (16.7) | 54 (12.2) | 57 (14.8) | ||||
L (−0.194 to 0.341) | 38 (6.2) | 34 (7.7) | 32 (8.3) | ||||
VL (>0.341) | 366 (60) | 287 (64.8) | 217 (56.4) | ||||
Diagnosis | |||||||
Psychiatric disorder | 188 (30.8) | 102 (23.0) | 106 (27.5) | 0.016 | 0.01 | 0.762 | 0.188 |
Self-harm | 42 (6.9) | 20 (4.5) | 25 (6.5) | ||||
Psychomotor agitation | 380 (62.3) | 321 (72.5) | 254 (66.0) |
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Giotta, M.; Addabbo, F.; Mincuzzi, A.; Bartolomeo, N. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Socioeconomic Deprivation on Admissions to the Emergency Department for Psychiatric Illness: An Observational Study in a Province of Southern Italy. Life 2023, 13, 943. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13040943
Giotta M, Addabbo F, Mincuzzi A, Bartolomeo N. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Socioeconomic Deprivation on Admissions to the Emergency Department for Psychiatric Illness: An Observational Study in a Province of Southern Italy. Life. 2023; 13(4):943. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13040943
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiotta, Massimo, Francesco Addabbo, Antonia Mincuzzi, and Nicola Bartolomeo. 2023. "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Socioeconomic Deprivation on Admissions to the Emergency Department for Psychiatric Illness: An Observational Study in a Province of Southern Italy" Life 13, no. 4: 943. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13040943