Öz
Objective: Infectious disease outbreaks not only affect the physical health of patients but also affect the psychological health and well-being of the uninfected population. High rates of psychiatric symptoms and stress are observed in the general population in COVID-19 pandemic and healthcare workers (HCWs) reported higher-risk perception and anxiety level. We aimed to evaluate the anxiety levels of HCWs and their children during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey.
Material and Method: A total of 121 HCWs and 121 HCWs’ children aged 8-17 were included from 23 different cities to assess the anxiety level of them during the COVID-19 pandemic by using an online questionnaire. The Beck Anxiety Inventory and the parent Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) were applied to all the HCWs. The child SCARED which has a self-report scale for children of the HCWs had completed. COVID-19 Pandemic Questionnaire was applied to determine stress levels and lifestyle changes.
Results: All of the HCWs had mild to severe anxiety, about 17% reported moderate and 27% reported severe anxiety severity. 40 (33.06%) children were over cut-off for total score in both SCARED the parents and the child version. Children anxiety showed a positive correlation with Beck Anxiety Inventory and COVID-19 Pandemic Questionnaire (<0.001).
Conclusion: The current study found that HCWs and their children experienced a high level of anxiety in the COVID-19 pandemic. It was detected that a positive correlation between HCWs and their children’s anxiety.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Destekleyen Kurum
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Proje Numarası
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Teşekkür
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Kaynakça
- WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID19 -March 2020. from https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020
- Wu KK, Chan SK Ma TM. Posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depression in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). J Trauma Stress. 2005;18(1):39-42.
- Alsubaie S, Temsah MH, Al-Eyadhy AA, Gossady I, Hasan GM, Al-rabiaah A, et al. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus epidemic impact on healthcare workers’ risk perceptions, work and personal lives. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2019;13(10):920-926.
- Maunder RG, Lancee WJ, Rourke S, Hunter JJ, Goldbloom D, Balderson K, et al. Factors associated with the psychological impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome on nurses and other hospital workers in Toronto. Psychosom Med. 2004;66(6):938-942.
- Goulia P, Mantas C, Dimitroula D, Mantis D Hyphantis T. General hospital staff worries, perceived sufficiency of information and associated psychological distress during the A/H1N1 influenza pandemic. BMC Infect Dis. 2010;10(1):322.
- Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(5):1729.
- Simione L Gnagnarella C. Differences between health workers and general population in risk perception, behaviors, and psychological distress related to COVID-19 spread in Italy. PsyArXiv. 2020;doi:10.31234/osf.io/84d2c.
- Liu X, Shao L, Zhang R, Wei Y, Li J, Wang C, et al. Perceived Social Support and Its Impact on Psychological Status and Quality of Life of Medical Staffs After Outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia: A Cross-Sectional Study. SSRN Elec J. 2020;doi:10.2139/ssrn.3541127.
- Spoorthy MS. Mental health problems faced by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic-a review. Asian J Psychiatr. 2020;51:102119.
- Buheji M, Jahrami H Dhahi AS. Minimising Stress Exposure During Pandemics Similar to COVID-19. Int J Psychol Behav Sci. 2020;10:9-16.
- Xiao H, Zhang Y, Kong D, Li S Yang N. The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in January and February 2020 in China. Med. Sci. Monit. 2020;26:e923549-923541.
- Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(3):e203976-e203976.
- Kisely S, Warren N, McMahon L, Dalais C, Henry I Siskind D. Occurrence, prevention, and management of the psychological effects of emerging virus outbreaks on healthcare workers: rapid review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2020;369:m1642.
- Moore PS, Whaley SE Sigman M. Interactions between mothers and children: impacts of maternal and child anxiety. J Abnorm Psychol. 2004;113(3):471-476.
- Bowers ME, Reider LB, Morales S, Buzzell GA, Miller N, Troller-Renfree SV, et al. Differences in Parent and Child Report on the Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): Implications for Investigations of Social Anxiety in Adolescents. J Abnorm Psychol. 2020;48(4):561-571.
- Bögels SM, van Oosten A, Muris P Smulders D. Familial correlates of social anxiety in children and adolescents. Behav Res Ther. 2001;39(3):273-287.
- Weissman MM. The epidemiology of anxiety disorders: rates, risks and familial patterns. J Psychiatr Res. 1988;22:99-114.
- Manassis K Hood J. Individual and familial predictors of impairment in childhood anxiety disorders. J Am Acad Child Psy. 1998;37(4):428-434.
- Erten Bucaktepe PG, Çelik SB, Tekeli A, Öztekin C, Çelepkolu T, Demir V, et al. Frequency of depressive symptoms in health workers’ children. Dicle Med J. 2015;42(2).
- Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56(6):893.
- Ulusoy M, Sahin NH Erkmen H. The Beck anxiety inventory: psychometric properties. J Cogn Psychother. 1998;12(2):163-172.
- Birmaher B, Khetarpal S, Brent D, Cully M, Balach L, Kaufman J, et al. The screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED): Scale construction and psychometric characteristics. J Am Acad Child Psy. 1997;36(4):545-553.
- Çakmakçı F. Çocuklarda anksiyete bozukluklarını tarama ölçeği geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2004;11(2).
- Holmes EA, O'Connor RC, Perry VH, Tracey I, Wessely S, Arseneault L, et al. Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30168-1.
- Kaveh M, Davari-tanha F, Varaei S, Shirali E, Shokouhi N, Nazemi P, et al. Anxiety levels among Iranian health care workers during the COVID-19 surge: A cross-sectional study. medRxiv. 2020;doi:10.1101/2020.05.02.20089045.
- Lu W, Wang H, Lin Y Li L. Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res. 2020:112936.
- Huang J, Han M, Luo T, Ren A Zhou X. Mental health survey of 230 medical staff in a tertiary infectious disease hospital for COVID-19. Chinese journal of industrial hygiene and occupational diseases. 2020;38(3):E001-E001.
- Bitsko RH, Holbrook JR, Ghandour RM, Blumberg SJ, Visser SN, Perou R, et al. Epidemiology and impact of health care provider–diagnosed anxiety and depression among US children. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2018;39(5):395.
- Liu JJ, Bao Y, Huang X, Shi J Lu L. Mental health considerations for children quarantined because of COVID-19. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020;4(5):347-349.
- Gautam M, Kaur M Mahr G. COVID-19 associated psychiatric symptoms in healthcare workers: viewpoint from internal medicine and psychiatry residents. Psychosomatics. 2020;doi:10.1016/j.psym.2020.04.009.
Öz
Amaç: Bulaşıcı hastalık salgınları sadece hastaların fiziksel sağlığını etkilemekle kalmaz, aynı zamanda enfekte olmamış nüfusun psikolojik sağlığını ve refahını da etkiler. COVID-19 pandemisinde genel popülasyonda yüksek oranda psikiyatrik semptom ve stres görülmekte ve sağlık çalışanları daha yüksek risk algısı ve anksiyete düzeyi bildirmiştir. Türkiye’de COVID-19 salgını sırasında sağlık çalışanlarının ve çocuklarının kaygı düzeylerini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.
Materyal ve Metot: Çevrimiçi bir anket kullanarak COVID-19 pandemisi sırasındaki kaygı düzeylerini değerlendirmek için 23 farklı şehirden toplamda 121 sağlık çalışanı ve 8-17 yaş arası 121 sağlık çalışanının çocuğu çalışmaya dahil edildi. Beck Anksiyete Envanteri ve Çocuklarda Anksiyete Tarama Ölçeği (ÇATÖ) ebeveyn formu tüm sağlık çalışanlarına uygulandı. Sağlık çalışanlarının çocukları bir öz bildirim ölçeği olan ÇATÖ çocuk formunu tamamladı. Stres seviyelerini ve yaşam tarzı değişikliklerini belirlemek için bir COVID-19 Pandemi Anketi uygulandı.
Bulgular: Tüm sağlık çalışanlarının hafif ila şiddetli aralıkta anksiyetesi vardı, yaklaşık %17'si orta düzeyde ve %27'si şiddetli düzeyde anksiyete bildirdi. 40 (%33.06) çocuk, ÇATÖ ölçeğinin hem ebeveyn hem de çocuk versiyonunda kesme puanın üzerinde toplam skora sahipti. Çocukların kaygısı Beck Anksiyete Envanteri ve COVID-19 Pandemi Anketi ile pozitif korelasyon gösterdi (<0.001).
Sonuç: Sağlık çalışanlarının ve çocuklarının COVID-19 pandemisinde yüksek düzeyde anksiyete yaşadıkları bulundu. Sağlık çalışanları ve çocuklarının kaygısı arasında pozitif bir korelasyon olduğu tespit edildi.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Proje Numarası
-
Kaynakça
- WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID19 -March 2020. from https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020
- Wu KK, Chan SK Ma TM. Posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depression in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). J Trauma Stress. 2005;18(1):39-42.
- Alsubaie S, Temsah MH, Al-Eyadhy AA, Gossady I, Hasan GM, Al-rabiaah A, et al. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus epidemic impact on healthcare workers’ risk perceptions, work and personal lives. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2019;13(10):920-926.
- Maunder RG, Lancee WJ, Rourke S, Hunter JJ, Goldbloom D, Balderson K, et al. Factors associated with the psychological impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome on nurses and other hospital workers in Toronto. Psychosom Med. 2004;66(6):938-942.
- Goulia P, Mantas C, Dimitroula D, Mantis D Hyphantis T. General hospital staff worries, perceived sufficiency of information and associated psychological distress during the A/H1N1 influenza pandemic. BMC Infect Dis. 2010;10(1):322.
- Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(5):1729.
- Simione L Gnagnarella C. Differences between health workers and general population in risk perception, behaviors, and psychological distress related to COVID-19 spread in Italy. PsyArXiv. 2020;doi:10.31234/osf.io/84d2c.
- Liu X, Shao L, Zhang R, Wei Y, Li J, Wang C, et al. Perceived Social Support and Its Impact on Psychological Status and Quality of Life of Medical Staffs After Outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia: A Cross-Sectional Study. SSRN Elec J. 2020;doi:10.2139/ssrn.3541127.
- Spoorthy MS. Mental health problems faced by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic-a review. Asian J Psychiatr. 2020;51:102119.
- Buheji M, Jahrami H Dhahi AS. Minimising Stress Exposure During Pandemics Similar to COVID-19. Int J Psychol Behav Sci. 2020;10:9-16.
- Xiao H, Zhang Y, Kong D, Li S Yang N. The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in January and February 2020 in China. Med. Sci. Monit. 2020;26:e923549-923541.
- Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(3):e203976-e203976.
- Kisely S, Warren N, McMahon L, Dalais C, Henry I Siskind D. Occurrence, prevention, and management of the psychological effects of emerging virus outbreaks on healthcare workers: rapid review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2020;369:m1642.
- Moore PS, Whaley SE Sigman M. Interactions between mothers and children: impacts of maternal and child anxiety. J Abnorm Psychol. 2004;113(3):471-476.
- Bowers ME, Reider LB, Morales S, Buzzell GA, Miller N, Troller-Renfree SV, et al. Differences in Parent and Child Report on the Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): Implications for Investigations of Social Anxiety in Adolescents. J Abnorm Psychol. 2020;48(4):561-571.
- Bögels SM, van Oosten A, Muris P Smulders D. Familial correlates of social anxiety in children and adolescents. Behav Res Ther. 2001;39(3):273-287.
- Weissman MM. The epidemiology of anxiety disorders: rates, risks and familial patterns. J Psychiatr Res. 1988;22:99-114.
- Manassis K Hood J. Individual and familial predictors of impairment in childhood anxiety disorders. J Am Acad Child Psy. 1998;37(4):428-434.
- Erten Bucaktepe PG, Çelik SB, Tekeli A, Öztekin C, Çelepkolu T, Demir V, et al. Frequency of depressive symptoms in health workers’ children. Dicle Med J. 2015;42(2).
- Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56(6):893.
- Ulusoy M, Sahin NH Erkmen H. The Beck anxiety inventory: psychometric properties. J Cogn Psychother. 1998;12(2):163-172.
- Birmaher B, Khetarpal S, Brent D, Cully M, Balach L, Kaufman J, et al. The screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED): Scale construction and psychometric characteristics. J Am Acad Child Psy. 1997;36(4):545-553.
- Çakmakçı F. Çocuklarda anksiyete bozukluklarını tarama ölçeği geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2004;11(2).
- Holmes EA, O'Connor RC, Perry VH, Tracey I, Wessely S, Arseneault L, et al. Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30168-1.
- Kaveh M, Davari-tanha F, Varaei S, Shirali E, Shokouhi N, Nazemi P, et al. Anxiety levels among Iranian health care workers during the COVID-19 surge: A cross-sectional study. medRxiv. 2020;doi:10.1101/2020.05.02.20089045.
- Lu W, Wang H, Lin Y Li L. Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res. 2020:112936.
- Huang J, Han M, Luo T, Ren A Zhou X. Mental health survey of 230 medical staff in a tertiary infectious disease hospital for COVID-19. Chinese journal of industrial hygiene and occupational diseases. 2020;38(3):E001-E001.
- Bitsko RH, Holbrook JR, Ghandour RM, Blumberg SJ, Visser SN, Perou R, et al. Epidemiology and impact of health care provider–diagnosed anxiety and depression among US children. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2018;39(5):395.
- Liu JJ, Bao Y, Huang X, Shi J Lu L. Mental health considerations for children quarantined because of COVID-19. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020;4(5):347-349.
- Gautam M, Kaur M Mahr G. COVID-19 associated psychiatric symptoms in healthcare workers: viewpoint from internal medicine and psychiatry residents. Psychosomatics. 2020;doi:10.1016/j.psym.2020.04.009.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Klinik Tıp Bilimleri |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | - |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 20 Aralık 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3 |