COVID-19 ve NÖROLOJİK HASTALIKLAR

Duygu Aydemir; Özge Türk; Burak Ceylan; Neslişah Yıldırım; Ekin Baylam; İsra Nur Koçkar; Gizem Sarıoğlu; Süleyman Kutluhan; Serpil Demirci; Yrd. Doç. Dr. Vedat Yürekli; Hasan Koyuncuoğlu; Melike Doğan Ünlü; Nihat Şengeze

doi:10.17343/sdutfd.920618

Derleme

COVID-19 ve NÖROLOJİK HASTALIKLAR

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 28 Sayı: COVİD-19 ÖZEL SAYI, 235 - 240, 01.05.2021

Duygu Aydemir Özge Türk Burak Ceylan Neslişah Yıldırım Ekin Baylam İsra Nur Koçkar Gizem Sarıoğlu Süleyman Kutluhan Serpil Demirci Yrd. Doç. Dr. Vedat Yürekli Hasan Koyuncuoğlu Melike Doğan Ünlü Nihat Şengeze

https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.920618

Cited By: 1

Öz

Covid-19 pandemisinde yapılan araştırmalarda nörolojik belirti ve bulguların hastaların yaklaşık % 36’sında görüldüğü saptanmıştır.
Hastalar Covid-19 enfeksiyonunun klasik ateş, öksürük veya solunum sıkıntısı gibi belirtilerinin yanısıra; koku ve/veya tat alma duyusu kaybı, kas ağrısı, inme, baş ağrısı, bilinç bozukluğu, baş dönmesi, epileptik nöbet gibi farklı nörolojik belirtilerle de hastaneye başvurabilmektedir. Bu nörolojik belirti ve bulguların bilinmesi ve bu konudaki farkındalığın artması gerekmektedir. Bu durum, enfeksiyonun yayılmasını önleme ve tedavi etme konusunda oldukça katkı sağlayacaktır.
Bu yazı Covid-19 hastalığının şu ana kadar saptanmış olan nörolojik belirtileri ve komplikasyonlarının literatür eşliğinde derlenmesi amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Bu enfeksiyonla ilgili araştırmalar arttıkça nörolojik tutulumun sanılandan daha fazla olabileceği öngörülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Covid-19, Nörolojik belirtiler, Baş ağrısı, Koku kaybı, tat alma kaybı, epileptik nöbet

Destekleyen Kurum

YOK.

Proje Numarası

YOK.

Teşekkür

PANDEMİ DÖNEMİNDE CANI PAHASINA ÇALIŞAN TÜM SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARINA TEŞEKKÜR EDERİZ.

Kaynakça

1. Mao L, Jin H, Wang M, Hu Y, Chen S, He Q, et al. Neurologic Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurol. 2020;1;77(6):683-690.
2. Oxley TJ, Mocco J, Majidi S, Kellner CP, Shoirah H, Singh IP, et al. Large-vessel stroke as a presenting feature of Covid-19 in the young. N Engl J Med 2020; 382: e60.
3. Ellul MA, Benjamin L, Singh B, Lant S, Michael BD, Easton A, et al. Neurological associations of COVID-19. Lancet Neurol. 2020;19(9):767-783.
4. Berger JR. COVID-19 and the nervous system. J Neurovirol. 2020;26(2):143-148.
5. Karadaş Ö, Öztürk B, Sonkaya AR. A prospective clinical study of detailed neurological manifestations in patients with COVID-19. Neurol Sci. 2020;25 : 1–
6. Bobker SM, Robbins MS. COVID-19 and Headache: A Primer for Trainees. Headache. 2020;60(8):1806-1811.
7. Dufy L, O’Reilly SC. Toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases: recent and emerging translational developments. Immunotargets Ter 2016;5:69–80
8. J.J Houtman, H.C.Hinze, J.O.Fleming, Demiyelination induced by murıne coronavirus JHM infection of congenitally immunodeficient mice, P.J Talbot, G.A.Levy(Eds.), Corona and related Viruses: Current Concepts in Molecular Biology and Pathogenesis, Springer US, Boston, MA 1995;159-163
9. G.F.Wu, S.Perlman. Macrophage infiltration, but not apoptosis is correlated with immune-mediated demyelination following murine infection with a neurotropic coronavırus, J.Vırol., 73(10)(1999), pp.8771-8780
10. Zhao K, Huang J, Dai D, Feng Y, Liu L, Nie S. Acute myelitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report. [Epub ahead of print], doi:10.1101/2020.03.16.20035105
11. McGonagle D, Sharif K, O'Regan A, Bridgewooda C .The role of cytokines including Interleukin‐6 in COVID‐19 induced pneumonia and macrophage activation syndrome‐like disease. Autoimmun Rev. 2020;9(6):102537.
12. Qin C, Zhou L, Hu Z, Zhang S, Yang S, Tao Y, et al. Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Clin Infect Dis .2020; 28;71(15):762-768.
13. Ghannam M, Alshaer Q, Al-Chalabi M, Zakarna L, Robertson J, Manousakis G. Neurological involvement of coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review. J Neurol.2020:1–19.
14. Koralnik IJ, Tyler KL. COVID-19: A Global Threat to the Nervous System. Ann Neurol 2020;88:1–11.
15. Moriguchi T, Harii N, Goto J, Harada D, Sugawara H, Takamino J, et al. A first case of meningitis/encephalitis associated with SARS-Coronavirus-2. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;94:55–8.
16. Huang YH, Jiang D, Huang JT. SARS-CoV-2 detected in cerebrospinal fluid by PCR in a case of COVID-19 encephalitis. Brain Behav Immun.2020; 87:149.
17. McAbee GN, Brosgol Y, Pavlakis S, Agha R, Gaffoor M. Encephalitis associated with COVID-19 infection in an 11-year-old child. Pediatr Neurol. 2020;109:94.
18. Duong L, Xu P, Liu A. Meningoencephalitis without respiratory failure in a young female patient with COVID-19 infection in Downtown Los Angeles, early April 2020. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:33.
19. Leonhard SE, Mandarakas MR, Gondim FAA, Doorn van PA, Bateman K, Ferreira MLB, et al. Diagnosis and management of Guillain-Barré syndrome in ten steps. Nat Rev Neurol. 2019;15(11):671–83.
20. Willison HJ, Jacobs BC, van Doorn PA. Guillain-Barré syndrome. Lancet. 2016;13; 388(10045):717–27.
21. Kieseier BC, Mathey EK, Sommer C, Hartung HP. Immune-mediated neuropathies. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018;11;4(1):31.
22. Wakerley BR, Yuki N. Polyneuritis cranialis-subtype of Guillain-Barré syndrome? Nat Rev Neurol 2015; 11(11):664.
23. Uncini A, Kuwabara S. The electrodiagnosis of Guillain Barré syndrome subtypes: Where do we stand? Clin Neurophysiol. 2018;129(12):2586-93.
24. Kim JE, Heo JH, Park SS, Park TH, Ahn JY, Kim MK, et al. Neurological complications during treatment of middle east respiratory syndrome. J. Clin. Neurol. 2017;13(3):227–33.
25. Zhou Z, Kang H, Li S, Zhao X. Understanding the neurotropic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2: from neurological manifestations of COVID-19 to potential neurotropic mechanisms. J Neurol. 2020;267(8):2179-84.
26. Toscano G, Palmerini F, Ravaglia S, Ruiz L, Invernizzi P, Cuzzoni MG, et al. Guillain-Barre Syndrome associated with SARS CoV-2. N Engl J Med 2020;25;382(26):2574-6
27. Sedaghat Z, Karimi N. Guillain Barre syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection: a case report. J. Clin. Neurosci. 2020;76:233-5.
28. Zhao H, Shen D, Zhou H, Liu J, Chen S. Guillain-Barre syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: causality or coincidence? Lancet Neurol. 2020;19(5): 383–4.
29. Padroni M, Mastrangelo V, Asioli GM, Pavolucci L, Abu-Rumeileh S, Piscaglia MG, et al. Guillain-Barre syndrome following COVID-19: new infection, old complication? J. Neurol. 2020;267(7):1877-9.
30. Alberti P, Beretta S, Piatti M, Karantzoulis A, Piatti ML, Santoro P, et al. Guillain-Barre syndrome related to COVID-19 infection. Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm. 2020;7 (4):e741.
31. Sharma K, Tengsupakul S, Sanchez O, Phaltas R, Maertens P. Guillain-Barre syndrome with unilateral peripheral facial and bulbar palsy in a child: A case report. SAGE Open Med Case Rep. 2019;21;7:2050313x19838750.
32. Netravathi M, Pal PK, Devi BI. A clinical profile of 103 patients with secondary movement disorders: Correlation of etiology with phenomenology. Eur. J. Neurol. 2012;19(2):226-33.
33. Alarcon F, Zijlmans JCM, Duenas G, Cevallos N. Post-stroke movement disorders: Report of 56 patients. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 2004;75(11):1568-74.
34. Rabano-Suarez P, Bermejo-Guerrero L, Mendez-Guerrero A, Parra-Serrano J, Toledo-Alfocea D, Sanchez-Tejerina D, et al. Generalized myoclonus in COVID-19. Neurology. 2020;95(6):767-72.
35. Mendez-Guerrero A, Laespada-García MI, Gomez-Grande A, Ruiz-Ortiz M, Blanco-Palmero VA, Azcarate-Diaz FJ, et al. Acute hypokinetic-rigid syndrome following SARS CoV-2 infection. Neurology. 2020;13;95(15):2109-18.
36. Cohen ME, Eichel R, Steiner-Birmanns B, Janah A, Ioshpa M, Bar-Shalom R, et al. A case of probable Parkinson’s disease after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lancet Neurol. 2020;19(10):804-5.
37. Costello F, Dalakas MC. Cranial neuropathies and COVID-19 neurotropism and autoimmunity. Neurology. 2020:195-6
38. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirüs pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet 2020;15: 507-13.
39. Saad M, Omrani AS, Baig K, Bahloul A, Elzein F, Matin MA, et al. Clinical aspects and outcomes of 70 patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a single-center experience in Saudi Arabia. Int J Infect Dis 2014;29: 301-6
40. Filatov A, Sharma P, Hindi F, Espinosa PS. Neurological Complications of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Encephalopathy. Cureus 2020;21: 7352.
41. Asadi-Pooya AA, Attar A, Moghadami M, Karimzadeh I. Management of COVID-19 in people with epilepsy: drug considerations. Neurol Sci 2020;8:2005–11
42. Huang S, Wu C, Jia Y, Li G, Zhu Z, Lu K, et al. COVID‐19 outbreak: The impact of stress on seizures in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia.2020;9: 1884-93.
43. Kichloo A, Albosta M, Dettloff K, Wani F, El-Amir Z, Singh J, et al Telemedicine, the current COVID-19 pandemic and the future a narrative review and perspectives moving forward in the USA Family Medicine and Community Health.2020;3:530
44. Gogia B, Guevare AG, Rai PK, Fang X.A case of Covid-19 with multiple cranial neuropathies. International journal of neuroscience. 2020;30; 1-3
45. Romero-Sánchez CM, Díaz-Maroto I, Fernández-Díaz E, Sánchez-Larsen Á, Layos-Romero A, García-García J, et al. Neurologic manifestations in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 Neurology, 2020;25: 1060-70.
46. P. Agarwal, S.Ray, A. Madan, B. Tyson Neurological manifestations in 404 COVID-19 patients in Washington State J Neurol.2021;3: 770-72
47. Giacomelli A, Pezzati L, Conti F, Bernacchia D, Siano M, Oreni L,et al. Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders in SARS-CoV-2 patient a cross-sectional study Clin Infect Dis. 2020;28: 889-90
48. Romero-Sánchez CM, Díaz-MarotoI I, Fernández-Díaz E., Sanchez-Larsen A.,Layos-Romero A. Garcia-Garcia J, et al. Neurologic manifestations in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Neurology. 2020;25:1060-70
49. Selvaraj V. Sacchetti D, Finn A, Dapaah-Afriyie K. Acute Vision Loss in a Patient with COVID-19.R I Med 2020;10: 37–38.

COVID-19 and NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 28 Sayı: COVİD-19 ÖZEL SAYI, 235 - 240, 01.05.2021

https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.920618

Cited By: 1

Öz

It has been determined that neurological signs and symptoms are seen in approximately 36% of patients in studies conducted during the Covid-19 pandemic.
In addition to the classical symptoms of Covid-19 infection such as fever, cough, and respiratory distress; They can also be admitted to the hospital with different neurological symptoms such as loss of sense of smell or taste, muscle pain, stroke, headache, unconsciousness, dizziness, and seizures. It is needed both to know neurological signs and symptoms and to increase awareness of between covid--19 and them. Thus, it will contribute greatly to preventing and treating the spread of the infection.
We have been reviewed literature for neurological symptoms and complications of Covid-19.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Covid-19, Neurological symptoms, Headache, sense of Smell, sense of Taste, Seizure

Proje Numarası

YOK.

Kaynakça

1. Mao L, Jin H, Wang M, Hu Y, Chen S, He Q, et al. Neurologic Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurol. 2020;1;77(6):683-690.
2. Oxley TJ, Mocco J, Majidi S, Kellner CP, Shoirah H, Singh IP, et al. Large-vessel stroke as a presenting feature of Covid-19 in the young. N Engl J Med 2020; 382: e60.
3. Ellul MA, Benjamin L, Singh B, Lant S, Michael BD, Easton A, et al. Neurological associations of COVID-19. Lancet Neurol. 2020;19(9):767-783.
4. Berger JR. COVID-19 and the nervous system. J Neurovirol. 2020;26(2):143-148.
5. Karadaş Ö, Öztürk B, Sonkaya AR. A prospective clinical study of detailed neurological manifestations in patients with COVID-19. Neurol Sci. 2020;25 : 1–
6. Bobker SM, Robbins MS. COVID-19 and Headache: A Primer for Trainees. Headache. 2020;60(8):1806-1811.
7. Dufy L, O’Reilly SC. Toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases: recent and emerging translational developments. Immunotargets Ter 2016;5:69–80
8. J.J Houtman, H.C.Hinze, J.O.Fleming, Demiyelination induced by murıne coronavirus JHM infection of congenitally immunodeficient mice, P.J Talbot, G.A.Levy(Eds.), Corona and related Viruses: Current Concepts in Molecular Biology and Pathogenesis, Springer US, Boston, MA 1995;159-163
9. G.F.Wu, S.Perlman. Macrophage infiltration, but not apoptosis is correlated with immune-mediated demyelination following murine infection with a neurotropic coronavırus, J.Vırol., 73(10)(1999), pp.8771-8780
10. Zhao K, Huang J, Dai D, Feng Y, Liu L, Nie S. Acute myelitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report. [Epub ahead of print], doi:10.1101/2020.03.16.20035105
11. McGonagle D, Sharif K, O'Regan A, Bridgewooda C .The role of cytokines including Interleukin‐6 in COVID‐19 induced pneumonia and macrophage activation syndrome‐like disease. Autoimmun Rev. 2020;9(6):102537.
12. Qin C, Zhou L, Hu Z, Zhang S, Yang S, Tao Y, et al. Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Clin Infect Dis .2020; 28;71(15):762-768.
13. Ghannam M, Alshaer Q, Al-Chalabi M, Zakarna L, Robertson J, Manousakis G. Neurological involvement of coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review. J Neurol.2020:1–19.
14. Koralnik IJ, Tyler KL. COVID-19: A Global Threat to the Nervous System. Ann Neurol 2020;88:1–11.
15. Moriguchi T, Harii N, Goto J, Harada D, Sugawara H, Takamino J, et al. A first case of meningitis/encephalitis associated with SARS-Coronavirus-2. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;94:55–8.
16. Huang YH, Jiang D, Huang JT. SARS-CoV-2 detected in cerebrospinal fluid by PCR in a case of COVID-19 encephalitis. Brain Behav Immun.2020; 87:149.
17. McAbee GN, Brosgol Y, Pavlakis S, Agha R, Gaffoor M. Encephalitis associated with COVID-19 infection in an 11-year-old child. Pediatr Neurol. 2020;109:94.
18. Duong L, Xu P, Liu A. Meningoencephalitis without respiratory failure in a young female patient with COVID-19 infection in Downtown Los Angeles, early April 2020. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:33.
19. Leonhard SE, Mandarakas MR, Gondim FAA, Doorn van PA, Bateman K, Ferreira MLB, et al. Diagnosis and management of Guillain-Barré syndrome in ten steps. Nat Rev Neurol. 2019;15(11):671–83.
20. Willison HJ, Jacobs BC, van Doorn PA. Guillain-Barré syndrome. Lancet. 2016;13; 388(10045):717–27.
21. Kieseier BC, Mathey EK, Sommer C, Hartung HP. Immune-mediated neuropathies. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018;11;4(1):31.
22. Wakerley BR, Yuki N. Polyneuritis cranialis-subtype of Guillain-Barré syndrome? Nat Rev Neurol 2015; 11(11):664.
23. Uncini A, Kuwabara S. The electrodiagnosis of Guillain Barré syndrome subtypes: Where do we stand? Clin Neurophysiol. 2018;129(12):2586-93.
24. Kim JE, Heo JH, Park SS, Park TH, Ahn JY, Kim MK, et al. Neurological complications during treatment of middle east respiratory syndrome. J. Clin. Neurol. 2017;13(3):227–33.
25. Zhou Z, Kang H, Li S, Zhao X. Understanding the neurotropic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2: from neurological manifestations of COVID-19 to potential neurotropic mechanisms. J Neurol. 2020;267(8):2179-84.
26. Toscano G, Palmerini F, Ravaglia S, Ruiz L, Invernizzi P, Cuzzoni MG, et al. Guillain-Barre Syndrome associated with SARS CoV-2. N Engl J Med 2020;25;382(26):2574-6
27. Sedaghat Z, Karimi N. Guillain Barre syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection: a case report. J. Clin. Neurosci. 2020;76:233-5.
28. Zhao H, Shen D, Zhou H, Liu J, Chen S. Guillain-Barre syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: causality or coincidence? Lancet Neurol. 2020;19(5): 383–4.
29. Padroni M, Mastrangelo V, Asioli GM, Pavolucci L, Abu-Rumeileh S, Piscaglia MG, et al. Guillain-Barre syndrome following COVID-19: new infection, old complication? J. Neurol. 2020;267(7):1877-9.
30. Alberti P, Beretta S, Piatti M, Karantzoulis A, Piatti ML, Santoro P, et al. Guillain-Barre syndrome related to COVID-19 infection. Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm. 2020;7 (4):e741.
31. Sharma K, Tengsupakul S, Sanchez O, Phaltas R, Maertens P. Guillain-Barre syndrome with unilateral peripheral facial and bulbar palsy in a child: A case report. SAGE Open Med Case Rep. 2019;21;7:2050313x19838750.
32. Netravathi M, Pal PK, Devi BI. A clinical profile of 103 patients with secondary movement disorders: Correlation of etiology with phenomenology. Eur. J. Neurol. 2012;19(2):226-33.
33. Alarcon F, Zijlmans JCM, Duenas G, Cevallos N. Post-stroke movement disorders: Report of 56 patients. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 2004;75(11):1568-74.
34. Rabano-Suarez P, Bermejo-Guerrero L, Mendez-Guerrero A, Parra-Serrano J, Toledo-Alfocea D, Sanchez-Tejerina D, et al. Generalized myoclonus in COVID-19. Neurology. 2020;95(6):767-72.
35. Mendez-Guerrero A, Laespada-García MI, Gomez-Grande A, Ruiz-Ortiz M, Blanco-Palmero VA, Azcarate-Diaz FJ, et al. Acute hypokinetic-rigid syndrome following SARS CoV-2 infection. Neurology. 2020;13;95(15):2109-18.
36. Cohen ME, Eichel R, Steiner-Birmanns B, Janah A, Ioshpa M, Bar-Shalom R, et al. A case of probable Parkinson’s disease after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lancet Neurol. 2020;19(10):804-5.
37. Costello F, Dalakas MC. Cranial neuropathies and COVID-19 neurotropism and autoimmunity. Neurology. 2020:195-6
38. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirüs pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet 2020;15: 507-13.
39. Saad M, Omrani AS, Baig K, Bahloul A, Elzein F, Matin MA, et al. Clinical aspects and outcomes of 70 patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a single-center experience in Saudi Arabia. Int J Infect Dis 2014;29: 301-6
40. Filatov A, Sharma P, Hindi F, Espinosa PS. Neurological Complications of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Encephalopathy. Cureus 2020;21: 7352.
41. Asadi-Pooya AA, Attar A, Moghadami M, Karimzadeh I. Management of COVID-19 in people with epilepsy: drug considerations. Neurol Sci 2020;8:2005–11
42. Huang S, Wu C, Jia Y, Li G, Zhu Z, Lu K, et al. COVID‐19 outbreak: The impact of stress on seizures in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia.2020;9: 1884-93.
43. Kichloo A, Albosta M, Dettloff K, Wani F, El-Amir Z, Singh J, et al Telemedicine, the current COVID-19 pandemic and the future a narrative review and perspectives moving forward in the USA Family Medicine and Community Health.2020;3:530
44. Gogia B, Guevare AG, Rai PK, Fang X.A case of Covid-19 with multiple cranial neuropathies. International journal of neuroscience. 2020;30; 1-3
45. Romero-Sánchez CM, Díaz-Maroto I, Fernández-Díaz E, Sánchez-Larsen Á, Layos-Romero A, García-García J, et al. Neurologic manifestations in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 Neurology, 2020;25: 1060-70.
46. P. Agarwal, S.Ray, A. Madan, B. Tyson Neurological manifestations in 404 COVID-19 patients in Washington State J Neurol.2021;3: 770-72
47. Giacomelli A, Pezzati L, Conti F, Bernacchia D, Siano M, Oreni L,et al. Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders in SARS-CoV-2 patient a cross-sectional study Clin Infect Dis. 2020;28: 889-90
48. Romero-Sánchez CM, Díaz-MarotoI I, Fernández-Díaz E., Sanchez-Larsen A.,Layos-Romero A. Garcia-Garcia J, et al. Neurologic manifestations in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Neurology. 2020;25:1060-70
49. Selvaraj V. Sacchetti D, Finn A, Dapaah-Afriyie K. Acute Vision Loss in a Patient with COVID-19.R I Med 2020;10: 37–38.

Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Konular	Klinik Tıp Bilimleri
Bölüm	Derlemeler
Yazarlar	Duygu Aydemir 0000-0001-7623-8275 Özge Türk 0000-0002-8115-6394 Burak Ceylan 0000-0003-3501-9855 Neslişah Yıldırım Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-8692-4284 Ekin Baylam Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-3880-3522 İsra Nur Koçkar 0000-0002-4057-1196 Gizem Sarıoğlu 0000-0002-1528-0215 Süleyman Kutluhan 0000-0001-9749-2467 Serpil Demirci Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-1561-1296 Yrd. Doç. Dr. Vedat Yürekli 0000-0002-2042-4463 Hasan Koyuncuoğlu 0000-0003-4225-102X Melike Doğan Ünlü 0000-0002-4424-044X Nihat Şengeze 0000-0002-2821-3708
Proje Numarası	YOK.
Yayımlanma Tarihi	1 Mayıs 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi	19 Nisan 2021
Kabul Tarihi	19 Nisan 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2021 Cilt: 28 Sayı: COVİD-19 ÖZEL SAYI

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver	Aydemir D, Türk Ö, Ceylan B, Yıldırım N, Baylam E, Koçkar İN, Sarıoğlu G, Kutluhan S, Demirci S, Yürekli YDDV, Koyuncuoğlu H, Doğan Ünlü M, Şengeze N. COVID-19 ve NÖROLOJİK HASTALIKLAR. SDÜ Tıp Fak Derg. 2021;28(COVİD-19 ÖZEL SAYI):235-40.

Cited By

Psychotic Process in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Dopamine Effect

Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry

https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1181901

Kapak Resmi İndir

Makale Dosyaları

Tam Metin

14791

Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi/Medical Journal of Süleyman Demirel University is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International.