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2021, Academia Letters
2021 •
The ongoing pandemic has been increasing slowly and steadily across the world. The SARS-CoV-2 spreads through droplet disseminated from infected persons via coughing and/or sneezing onto the face, nasopharyngeal, and oropharyngeal mucosa. In order to prevent the transmission of coronavirus disease, WHO and public health officials made policies, advised the health workers and public to wear face coverings (masks). The nature of masks depends upon the source, material, structure and particulate efficacies. The main objective of this study is to provide information about efficacies of different types of masks used during COVID-19 pandemic.
Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health
A comprehensive review of various categories of face masks resistant to Covid-192021 •
2021 •
Face mask usage is a critical means of limiting SARS-CoV-2 airborne transmission. To the best of our knowledge, a single study reviewing all major life stages of a mask has yet to be conducted. Here, we first describe the production and material sourcing of respirators, surgical/procedural masks, and cloth masks. We then evaluate filtration efficiency, fit, and breathability in estimating emitted viral load and personal compliance. In decontamination, vaporous hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet germicidal irradiation are feasible and effective methods for large healthcare systems, while washing is recommended for masks with no electrostatic charge (e.g., cotton masks). Finally, we discuss how disposal of masks only contributes marginally to current environmental issues. Insights into the life cycle stages of masks may inform mask use and support mitigation strategies in preventing the spread of respiratory diseases.
2020 •
The surgical face mask (SFM) is a sheet medical device covering the mouth, nose and chin to protect the medical staff from the spread of respiratory droplets produced by the infective coughing or sneezing of hospitalized patients. On the other hand the beauty face mask (BFM) has been made by the same sheet but with a different aim—to protect the skin from pollution, acting as a hydrating and rejuvenation agent. Currently, both masks are made principally by non-biodegradable tissues, utilized to avoid the increasing great pollution invading our planet. Due to the diffusion of the current COVID-19 infection rate and the increasing consumption of skin care and beauty products, the waste of these masks, made principally by petrol-derived polymers, is creating further intolerable waste-invaded land and oceans. After an introduction to the aims, differences and market of the various masks, their productive means and ingredients are reported. These news are believed necessary to give the r...
Environmental Challenges
Environmental challenges induced by extensive use of face masks during COVID-19: A review and potential solutions2021 •
Rihan Journal for Scientific Publishing by Fiker for Research& Development
Supplying the Face Masks: Issue, the Required Information about the Efficacy of their Fabrics2021 •
Wearing a face mask is considered as a healthy strategy to reduce being infected and transmitting viruses to save lives. With the spread of Covid 19 simple precautions have become serious instructions for people to follow. Some of these precautions are: Avoiding crowds, physical distancing, cleaning the hands as much as possible and wearing masks. Using cloth face covering, mainly in public places where social distancing is difficult to maintain, is highly recommended. To yield high rates of infection against droplets and microorganisms, people are supposed to wear either medical masks or homemade ones. The latter are fashioned by household materials at a low cost, such as cotton, nylon, paper, etc. However, it is necessary to know which type of these masks is most efficient and its material contains the fiber that prevents the release of the virus.
Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances
Public face masks wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic: A comprehensive analysis is needed for potential implications2022 •
Face mask-wearing as a public health measure has been practiced since the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak. Extensive research has shown that face masks are an effective non-pharmaceutical measure to contain the spread of respiratory infections. However, recent studies indicate that face masks release microplastics and other contaminants that have adverse health effects on humans. This communication reviews the evidence for face mask as a potential source of contaminants capable of adversely affecting human health. The benefits of face masks in reducing the transmission of SARS-Cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) and seasonal communicable diseases were addressed. In addition, the risk of inhaling microplastics and organic contaminants, as well as the associated exposure level, were discussed. Finally, the potential research gaps that need to be addressed were outlined to provide a holistic view of the problem. This communication has illustrated that face mask-wearing as a public health measure to contain the spread of COVID-19 could be a potential risk factor for human health. Very few studies have been done on microplastics, organic pollutants, and trace metal inhalation from surgical masks. However, future work providing a comprehensive understanding of the risk and exposure levels needs to be undertaken.
Journal of Industrial Textiles
Filtration mechanisms and manufacturing methods of face masks: An overview2020 •
Face masks are loose-fitting masks that cover the nose and mouth and have ear ties at the back of the head whereas respirators are tight-fitting face covering devices which filter the air during inhalation and exhalation. Guidelines issued by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) regarding proper design, filtration process and wearing should be followed. The mask equipment provides protection against the infections caused by particulate matters (PM), especially PM2.5, and biological pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. Although face masks offer benefits to a greater extent, it is not recommended to wear them for a long period of time. As N95 masks closely fit with the face, it may result in negative impact on respiratory and dermal mechanisms of human thermoregulation. In this article, currently available face masks including cloth masks, their filtration mechanisms, manufacturing methods and decontamination methods are reviewed for the purpose of helping with t...
Increasingly prevalent respiratory infectious diseases (e.g., COVID-19) have posed severe threats to public health. Viruses including coronavirus, influenza, and so on can cause respiratory infections. A pandemic may potentially emerge owing to the worldwide spread of the virus through persistent human-to-human transmission. However, transmission pathways may vary; respiratory droplets or airborne virus-carrying particles can have a key role in transmitting infections to humans. In conjunction with social distancing, hand cleanliness, and other preventative measures, the use of face masks is considered to be another scientific approach to combat ubiquitous coronavirus. Different types of face masks are produced using a range of materials (e.g., polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polystyrene, polyester and polyethylene) and manufacturing techniques (woven, knitted, and non-woven) that provide different levels of protection to the users. However, the effica...
Journal of Textile Science and Technology
Use of the Appropriate Fabric for Cloth Face Mask: A Necessity in the Fight against COVID-192021 •
AATCC Journal of Research
Status and Development of Transfer Printing in Textiles—A ReviewCancer research
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2022 •
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On the numerical solution of Fisher’s equation with coefficient of diffusion term much smaller than coefficient of reaction term2019 •
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Pengaruh Reses Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Terhadap Pembangunan Di Kota Tebing TinggiarXiv (Cornell University)
Dominant energy condition and spinors on Lorentzian manifolds2021 •
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY
Auriculibuller fuscus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Bullera japonica sp. nov., novel taxa in the Tremellales2004 •
2022 •
2024 •