Öz
Sosyal medya, COVID-19 gibi salgınlar hakkındaki bilgilerin değerlendirilmesi için önemli bir dijital alanı temsil etmektedir. Ayrıca gerekli sosyal yardım ve müdahalelerin planlanmasında önemli bir araç olarak hizmet edebilmektedir. Pandemi süreçlerinde acil kriz yönetiminde, Twitter, İnstagram, Facebook üzerinden yapılan sosyal medya analizleri durumsal farkındalığı desteklemek için kullanılmaktadır ve bulaşıcı hastalıkların izlenmesinden bölgesel planlama ve çok amaçlı kampanyalara kadar birçok farklı durum için gerekli görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada COVID-19 pandemisinde İnstagram’ın nasıl kullanıldığını belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. İnstagram’da “coronavirus” ve “COVID-19” anahtar kelimesi kullanılarak döküman analizi ile 10 Ocak – 20 Şubat 2020 tarihleri arasında görsel taraması yapılmıştır. Nitel türdeki bu araştırmada verilerin analizinde içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. 334 görselin çoğunda (%35.0) İngilizce altyazı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Görsellerde kullanılan mesaj yaklaşımının çoğunlukla korkutma (%38.9) olduğu saptanmıştır. Görsellerin çoğunluğunun (%71.0) fotoğraf olduğu belirlenmiştir. Fotoğrafları sırasıyla infografik (%17.7) ve karikatür (%11.4) izlemektedir. Paylaşılan görsellerin bilgi vermeye odaklı olduğu görülmüştür. Organizasyonlara ait resmi İnstagram hesapları tarafından paylaşılan kamu yararı taşıyan görsellerin çoğunluğunun (%53.1) haber niteliğinde olduğu saptanmıştır. Haberleri sağlık politikaları (%24.7) ve sosyal pazarlama (%22.2) içerikli görsellerin takip ettiği görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, pandemi sürecinde İnstagram’ın, gözetim, bilgilendirme ve müdahaleye yardımcı olabilecek, kamuoyunu değerlendirmede katkı sunabilecek bir sosyal medya aracı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Ahmed A, Scheepers H & Stockdale R (2014) Social Media Research: A Review of Academic Research and Future Research Direction, Pasific Asia Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 6: 21-37.
- Allem J P, Chu K, Cruz T B & Unger J B. (2017) Waterpipe Promotion and Use on Instagram: Hookah, Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 19(10): 1248-1252.
- Chu K, Allem J P & Cruz T B (2017) Vaping on Instagram: Cloud Chasing, Hand Checks and Product Placement, Tobacco Control, 26: 575-578.
- Cioni E & Lovari A (2014) Social Media for Health Communication: Implementation Issues and Challenges for Italian Public Health Authorities. M. Househ, E. Boricky & A. Kushniruk (eds.), Social Media and Mobile Technologies for Healthcare, Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
- De Vynck G, Griffin R & Sebenius A (2020) Coronavirus Misinformation is Spreading All Over Social Media, Bloomberg, 1. Drosten C ve ark (2003) Identification of a Novel Coronavirus in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, N. England J. Med, 348(20): 1967-1976.
- Fouchier R A ve ark (2003) Aetiology:Koch’s Postulates Fullfilled for SARS Virus, Nature, 423: 240. Friedman A L, Kachur R E, Noar S M & McFarlane M (2016) Health Communication and Social Marketing Campaigns for Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention and Control: What is the Evidence of Their Effectiveness, Sex Transm Dis, 43(1): 83-101.
- Gaspar R, Gorjao S, Seibt B, Lima L, Barnett J, Moss A & Wills J (2014) Tweeting During Food Crisis: A Psychosocial Analysis of Threat Coping Expressions in Spain, During the 2011 European EHEC Outbreak, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 72(2): 239-254.
- Houts P S, Doak C C, Doak L G & Loscalzo M J (2006) The Role of Pictures in Improving Health Communication: A Review of Research on Attention, Comprehension, Recall and Adherence, Patient Education and Counseling, 61: 173-190. Ksiazek T G. ve ark (2003) A Novel Coronavirus Associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, N. England J. Med, 348(20): 1953-1966.
- Luo B, Wang X & Tang X (2003) World Wide Web Based Image Search Engine Using Text and Image Content Features, Proc. SPIE, 5018: 123-131.
- Moorhead S A, Hazlett D E, Harrison L, Carroll J K, Irwin A & Hoving C (2013) A New Dimension of Healthcare: Systematic Review of the Uses, Benefits and Limitations of Social Media for Health Communication, Journal of Medical Internet Research, 15(4): 85-91.
- Paul M J & Dredze M (2017) Social Monitoring for Public Health, Synthesis Lectures on Information Concepts, Retrieval and Services, San Rafael, California: Morgan & Claypool.
- Newkirk R W, Bender J B & Hedberg C W (2012) The Potential Capability of Social Media as a Component of Food Safety and Food Terrorism Surveillance Systems, Foodborne Pathogens and Pisease, 9: 120-124.
- Ntalianis K, Tsapatsoulis N, Doulamis A D & Mastorakis N E (2018) Social Relevance Feedback Based on Multimedia Content Power, IEEE Trans. Comput. Social Syst. 5(1): 109-117.
- Park A & Campbell C (2020) Containing a Crisis: Are We Doomed to a Future of Relentless Viral Outbreaks, Time Magazine, 195(5): 20-25.
- Seltzer E K, Horst-Martz E, Lu M & Merchant R M (2017) Public Sentiment and Discourse About Zika Virus on Instagram, Public Health, 150(2017): 170-175.
- Sharma M, Yadav K & Ferdinand K C (2016) Zika Virus Pandemic – Analysis of Facebook As a Social Media Health Information Platform, Am J Infect Control, 2016(1): 5-6.
- Sommerfeldt E J, Kent M L & Taylor M (2012) Activist Practitioner Perspectives of Website Public Relations: Whay aren’t Activist Websites Fullfilling the Dialogic Promise? Public Relations Review, 38: 303-312.
- Yates D & Paquette S (2011) Emergency Knowledge Management and Social Media Technologies: A Case Study of the 2010 Haitian Earthquake, Internatiol Journal of Information Management, 31: 6-13.
- Zeng D D, Hslu-Chin C & Lusch R (2011) Social Media Analitics and Intelligence, Intelligent Systems, IEEE, 25: 13-16.
- Zhong N S ve ark (2003) Epidemiology and Cause of Severe Acute Respiratory (SARS) in Guangdong , People’s Republic of China, Lancet, 362(9393): 1353-1358.
Öz
Social media represents an important digital space to monitor information about outbreaks such as COVID-19, and can also serve as a tool to target outreach and interventions. In emergency crisis management, social media analyzes such as Twitter, Instagram, Facebook have been used to support situational awareness during crisis and were considered necessary for decision making in many different situations, from monitoring infectious diseases to regional planning and multi-purpose campaigns. In this study, it was aimed to determine how Instagram was used in the COVID-19 pandemic. The term “coronavirus” and “COVID-19” was used to search on Instagram. Using web scanning approach, visual scanning was performed between January 10 – February 20, 2020. In this qualitative research, content analysis was used to analyze the datas. It was determined that most of the images (35,0%) had English subtitles. It was found that the message approach used in visuals was mostly fear (38,9%). It was determined that the majority of the images were photographs (71,0%). The photographs were followed by infographic (17,7%) and cartoons (11,4%), respectively. Images were focused on giving information. It has been determined that the majority (53,1%) of the images of public interest shared by the official Instagram accounts of the organizations were news. It was observed that the visuals with the content of health policies (24.7%) and social marketing (22.2%) followed the news. As a result, it is thought that Instagram will be a social media channel that can enable surveillance, education and intervention, which is useful in evaluating public opinion
Anahtar Kelimeler
COVID-19, Health Communication Instagram Social Media Pandemic
Kaynakça
- Ahmed A, Scheepers H & Stockdale R (2014) Social Media Research: A Review of Academic Research and Future Research Direction, Pasific Asia Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 6: 21-37.
- Allem J P, Chu K, Cruz T B & Unger J B. (2017) Waterpipe Promotion and Use on Instagram: Hookah, Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 19(10): 1248-1252.
- Chu K, Allem J P & Cruz T B (2017) Vaping on Instagram: Cloud Chasing, Hand Checks and Product Placement, Tobacco Control, 26: 575-578.
- Cioni E & Lovari A (2014) Social Media for Health Communication: Implementation Issues and Challenges for Italian Public Health Authorities. M. Househ, E. Boricky & A. Kushniruk (eds.), Social Media and Mobile Technologies for Healthcare, Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
- De Vynck G, Griffin R & Sebenius A (2020) Coronavirus Misinformation is Spreading All Over Social Media, Bloomberg, 1. Drosten C ve ark (2003) Identification of a Novel Coronavirus in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, N. England J. Med, 348(20): 1967-1976.
- Fouchier R A ve ark (2003) Aetiology:Koch’s Postulates Fullfilled for SARS Virus, Nature, 423: 240. Friedman A L, Kachur R E, Noar S M & McFarlane M (2016) Health Communication and Social Marketing Campaigns for Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention and Control: What is the Evidence of Their Effectiveness, Sex Transm Dis, 43(1): 83-101.
- Gaspar R, Gorjao S, Seibt B, Lima L, Barnett J, Moss A & Wills J (2014) Tweeting During Food Crisis: A Psychosocial Analysis of Threat Coping Expressions in Spain, During the 2011 European EHEC Outbreak, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 72(2): 239-254.
- Houts P S, Doak C C, Doak L G & Loscalzo M J (2006) The Role of Pictures in Improving Health Communication: A Review of Research on Attention, Comprehension, Recall and Adherence, Patient Education and Counseling, 61: 173-190. Ksiazek T G. ve ark (2003) A Novel Coronavirus Associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, N. England J. Med, 348(20): 1953-1966.
- Luo B, Wang X & Tang X (2003) World Wide Web Based Image Search Engine Using Text and Image Content Features, Proc. SPIE, 5018: 123-131.
- Moorhead S A, Hazlett D E, Harrison L, Carroll J K, Irwin A & Hoving C (2013) A New Dimension of Healthcare: Systematic Review of the Uses, Benefits and Limitations of Social Media for Health Communication, Journal of Medical Internet Research, 15(4): 85-91.
- Paul M J & Dredze M (2017) Social Monitoring for Public Health, Synthesis Lectures on Information Concepts, Retrieval and Services, San Rafael, California: Morgan & Claypool.
- Newkirk R W, Bender J B & Hedberg C W (2012) The Potential Capability of Social Media as a Component of Food Safety and Food Terrorism Surveillance Systems, Foodborne Pathogens and Pisease, 9: 120-124.
- Ntalianis K, Tsapatsoulis N, Doulamis A D & Mastorakis N E (2018) Social Relevance Feedback Based on Multimedia Content Power, IEEE Trans. Comput. Social Syst. 5(1): 109-117.
- Park A & Campbell C (2020) Containing a Crisis: Are We Doomed to a Future of Relentless Viral Outbreaks, Time Magazine, 195(5): 20-25.
- Seltzer E K, Horst-Martz E, Lu M & Merchant R M (2017) Public Sentiment and Discourse About Zika Virus on Instagram, Public Health, 150(2017): 170-175.
- Sharma M, Yadav K & Ferdinand K C (2016) Zika Virus Pandemic – Analysis of Facebook As a Social Media Health Information Platform, Am J Infect Control, 2016(1): 5-6.
- Sommerfeldt E J, Kent M L & Taylor M (2012) Activist Practitioner Perspectives of Website Public Relations: Whay aren’t Activist Websites Fullfilling the Dialogic Promise? Public Relations Review, 38: 303-312.
- Yates D & Paquette S (2011) Emergency Knowledge Management and Social Media Technologies: A Case Study of the 2010 Haitian Earthquake, Internatiol Journal of Information Management, 31: 6-13.
- Zeng D D, Hslu-Chin C & Lusch R (2011) Social Media Analitics and Intelligence, Intelligent Systems, IEEE, 25: 13-16.
- Zhong N S ve ark (2003) Epidemiology and Cause of Severe Acute Respiratory (SARS) in Guangdong , People’s Republic of China, Lancet, 362(9393): 1353-1358.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 15 Ocak 2021 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 5 Mart 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1 |
