Pandemia COVID‑19 e Perturbação Mental: Breve Revisão da Literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51338/rppsm.2020.v6.i2.146Palavras-chave:
COVID‑19, Infeções por Coronavírus, Pandemia, Perturbações Mentais, Saúde MentalResumo
A pandemia COVID‑19 foi declarada uma emergência de saúde mundial. Estima‑se que poderá originar um elevado nível de sofrimento, prevendo‑se que o período de crise origine variados desafios na esfera da saúde mental, tanto na população geral como nas pessoas com perturbação mental prévia. O sofrimento psicológico e angústia generalizada devido ao impacto imediato do vírus na saúde, mas também a necessidade de implementar medidas de quarentena, de isolamento físico associado à perda nas atividades educativas e laborais, adivinham o medo da doença, o receio da morte e incerteza quanto ao futuro. Por outro lado, estima‑se que a pandemia COVID‑19 poderá afetar de modo desproporcional populações mais vulneráveis, nomeadamente os profissionais de saúde e aqueles com antecedentes prévios de perturbação mental.
Pela ameaça de problemas da saúde mental que a população em geral pode enfrentar e a possível agudização da condição de base nos doentes com perturbação mental prévia éimportante uma avaliação dos vários problemas emergentes. Com efeito, os serviços de saúde mental necessitam de uma adaptação estrutural de modo a lidar com o risco acrescido das morbidades psiquiátricas, desenvolvendo e implementando programas de rastreio e intervenção precoce, que visem não apenas os efeitos agudos, mas também os efeitos a longo prazo ou crónicos desta pandemia.
A elaboração deste artigo de revisão tem por objetivo reunir, de forma rigorosa, a informação dispersa em variadas fontes científicas atualmente existentes sobre o impacto da infeção por COVID‑19 na saúde mental, assim como a experiência clínica no terreno. Deste modo, os autores realizaram uma revisão da literatura, pela pesquisa através da PubMed e Medscape usando as palavras‑chave “Pandemic”, “COVID‑19”, “Mental Health”, “Mental Disorder”.
O artigo propõe‑se a desenvolver de forma concisa e sumária algumas das problemáticas particulares inerentes à pandemia COVID‑19 e saúde mental, propondo ainda algumas estratégias e intervenções para fazer face à situação de crise vivida. Considera‑se, no entanto, a necessidade futura da contínua realização de estudos e avaliação da experiência prática, de modo a reorientar as políticas e medidas de intervenção na saúde mental.
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