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Retrospective comparison of the sociodemographic, clinical, radiological and laboratory findings of probable and definitive COVID-19 cases

Year 2021, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 706 - 716, 01.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.900915

Abstract

Purpose: We aimed to determine the number of possible and precise cases among the patients hospitalized in our clinic and to examine the differences between the sociodemographic, clinical, chest CT and laboratory findings of these two groups.
Materials and methods: The data of all patients hospitalized at the department of pulmonology service between March 13 as the date of the first case and May 5 with probable and definitive COVID-19 were evaluated retrospectively. Patient ward files and hospital data management system were examined. Chest CT findings of the patients were interpreted by two radiologists separately according to the CO-RADS classification blinded to clinical and PCR test results of the patients and then consensus was achieved with joint evaluation.
Results: A total of 99 patients, 38 RT-PCR positive, 61 RT-PCR negative, were included in the study. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR) values and lymphocyte count were lower at a statistically significant level in positive patients(respectively p=0.038, p=0.041). Similarly, CRP values were observed to be lower at a statistically significant level in positive patients(p=0.029). When the patients with RT-PCR(+) and RT-PCR(-) but with positive chest CT findings according to CO-RADS staging were compared, the values of WBC, LDH and CRP level was observed to be high were statistically significant in the group with RT-PCR(-) but positive chest CT findings.
Conclusion: In the presence of clinical findings, without waiting for RT-PCR positivity, the probability of COVID-19 disease will increase if there are elevated WBC, CRP and LDH findings with CT findings(stage 4-5 according to CO-RADS).

Supporting Institution

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References

  • Yan Y, Shin WI, Pang YX, et al. The First 75 Days of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Outbreak: Recent Advances, Prevention, and Treatment. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17(7):2323.
  • Yan Y, Shin WI, Pang YX, et al. The First 75 Days of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Outbreak: Recent Advances, Prevention, and Treatment. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17(7):2323.
  • Sarzi-Puttini P, Giorgi V, Sirotti S, et al. COVID-19, cytokines and immunosuppression: what can we learn from severe acute respiratory syndrome? Clin Exp Rheumatol 2020;38(2):337-342.
  • Sarzi-Puttini P, Giorgi V, Sirotti S, et al. COVID-19, cytokines and immunosuppression: what can we learn from severe acute respiratory syndrome? Clin Exp Rheumatol 2020;38(2):337-342.
  • Wujtewicz M, Dylczyk-Sommer A, Aszkiełowicz A, Zdanowski S, Piwowarczyk S, Owczuk R. COVID-19 - what should anaethesiologists and intensivists know about it? Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther 2020;52(1):34-41.
  • Wujtewicz M, Dylczyk-Sommer A, Aszkiełowicz A, Zdanowski S, Piwowarczyk S, Owczuk R. COVID-19 - what should anaethesiologists and intensivists know about it? Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther 2020;52(1):34-41.
  • TC. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü COVID-19 (Sars-CoV-2) enfeksiyonu rehberi. Avaliable at: https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/depo/rehberler/COVID-19_Rehberi.pdf. Accessed March 20, 2021.
  • TC. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü COVID-19 (Sars-CoV-2) enfeksiyonu rehberi. Avaliable at: https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/depo/rehberler/COVID-19_Rehberi.pdf. Accessed March 20, 2021.
  • Ai T, Yang Z, Hou H, et al. Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases. Radiology 2020;296(2):E32-E40.
  • Ai T, Yang Z, Hou H, et al. Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases. Radiology 2020;296(2):E32-E40.
  • Fang Y, Zhang H, Xie J, Lin M, Ying L, Pang P, Ji W. Sensitivity of Chest CT for COVID-19: Comparison to RT-PCR. Radiology 2020;296(2):E115-E117.
  • Fang Y, Zhang H, Xie J, Lin M, Ying L, Pang P, Ji W. Sensitivity of Chest CT for COVID-19: Comparison to RT-PCR. Radiology 2020;296(2):E115-E117.
  • Kanne JP, Little BP, Chung JH, Elicker BM, Ketai LH. Essentials for Radiologists on COVID-19: An Update-Radiology Scientific Expert Panel. Radiology 2020;296(2):E113-E114.
  • Kanne JP, Little BP, Chung JH, Elicker BM, Ketai LH. Essentials for Radiologists on COVID-19: An Update-Radiology Scientific Expert Panel. Radiology 2020;296(2):E113-E114.
  • Prokop M, van Everdingen W, van Rees Vellinga T, et al. COVID-19 Standardized Reporting Working Group of the Dutch Radiological Society. CO-RADS: A Categorical CT Assessment Scheme for Patients Suspected of Having COVID-19-Definition and Evaluation. Radiology 2020;296(2):E97-E104.
  • Prokop M, van Everdingen W, van Rees Vellinga T, et al. COVID-19 Standardized Reporting Working Group of the Dutch Radiological Society. CO-RADS: A Categorical CT Assessment Scheme for Patients Suspected of Having COVID-19-Definition and Evaluation. Radiology 2020;296(2):E97-E104.
  • Wang W, Xu Y, Gao R, et al. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens. JAMA 2020;323(18):1843-1844.
  • Wang W, Xu Y, Gao R, et al. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens. JAMA 2020;323(18):1843-1844.
  • Chan JF, Yip CC, To KK, et al. Improved Molecular Diagnosis of COVID-19 by the Novel, Highly Sensitive and Specific COVID-19-RdRp/Hel Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay Validated In Vitro and with Clinical Specimens. J Clin Microbiol 2020;58(5):e00310-20.
  • Chan JF, Yip CC, To KK, et al. Improved Molecular Diagnosis of COVID-19 by the Novel, Highly Sensitive and Specific COVID-19-RdRp/Hel Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay Validated In Vitro and with Clinical Specimens. J Clin Microbiol 2020;58(5):e00310-20.
  • Pan Y, Zhang D, Yang P, Poon LLM, Wang Q. Viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. Lancet Infect Dis 2020;20(4):411-412.
  • Pan Y, Zhang D, Yang P, Poon LLM, Wang Q. Viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. Lancet Infect Dis 2020;20(4):411-412.
  • Chen M, An W, Xia F, et al. Clinical characteristics of rehospitalized patients with COVID-19 in China. J Med Virol 2020;92(10):2146-2151.
  • Chen M, An W, Xia F, et al. Clinical characteristics of rehospitalized patients with COVID-19 in China. J Med Virol 2020;92(10):2146-2151.
  • Cao H, Ruan L, Liu J, Liao W. The clinical characteristic of eight patients of COVID-19 with positive RT-PCR test after discharge. J Med Virol 2020;92(10):2159-2164.
  • Cao H, Ruan L, Liu J, Liao W. The clinical characteristic of eight patients of COVID-19 with positive RT-PCR test after discharge. J Med Virol 2020;92(10):2159-2164.
  • He JL, Luo L, Luo ZD, et al. Diagnostic performance between CT and initial real-time RT-PCR for clinically suspected 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients outside Wuhan, China. Respir Med 2020;168:105980.
  • He JL, Luo L, Luo ZD, et al. Diagnostic performance between CT and initial real-time RT-PCR for clinically suspected 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients outside Wuhan, China. Respir Med 2020;168:105980.
  • Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020;395(10223):497-506.
  • Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020;395(10223):497-506.
  • Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 2020;323(11):1061-1069.
  • Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 2020;323(11):1061-1069.
  • Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet 2020;395(10223):507-513.
  • Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet 2020;395(10223):507-513.
  • Huang Q, Deng X, Li Y, et al. Clinical characteristics and drug therapies in patients with the common-type coronavirus disease 2019 in Hunan, China. Int J Clin Pharm 2020;42(3):837-845.
  • Huang Q, Deng X, Li Y, et al. Clinical characteristics and drug therapies in patients with the common-type coronavirus disease 2019 in Hunan, China. Int J Clin Pharm 2020;42(3):837-845.
  • Javanian M, Bayani M, Shokri M, et al. Clinical and laboratory findings from patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Babol North of Iran: a retrospective cohort study. Rom J Intern Med 2020;58(3):161-167.
  • Javanian M, Bayani M, Shokri M, et al. Clinical and laboratory findings from patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Babol North of Iran: a retrospective cohort study. Rom J Intern Med 2020;58(3):161-167.
  • Tan L, Wang Q, Zhang D, et al. Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of COVID-19: a descriptive and predictive study. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020;5(1):33.
  • Tan L, Wang Q, Zhang D, et al. Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of COVID-19: a descriptive and predictive study. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020;5(1):33.
  • Bermejo-Martin JF, Almansa R, Menéndez R, Mendez R, Kelvin DJ, Torres A. Lymphopenic community acquired pneumonia as signature of severe COVID-19 infection. J Infect 2020;80(5):e23-e24.
  • Bermejo-Martin JF, Almansa R, Menéndez R, Mendez R, Kelvin DJ, Torres A. Lymphopenic community acquired pneumonia as signature of severe COVID-19 infection. J Infect 2020;80(5):e23-e24.
  • Bermejo-Martin JF, Martín-Fernandez M, López-Mestanza C, Duque P, Almansa R. Shared features of endothelial dysfunction between sepsis and its preceding risk factors (Aging and chronic disease). J Clin Med 2018;7(11):400.
  • Bermejo-Martin JF, Martín-Fernandez M, López-Mestanza C, Duque P, Almansa R. Shared features of endothelial dysfunction between sepsis and its preceding risk factors (Aging and chronic disease). J Clin Med 2018;7(11):400.
  • Menéndez R, Méndez R, Almansa R, et al. Simultaneous depression of immunological synapse and endothelial injury is associated with organ dysfunction in community-acquired pneumonia. J Clin Med 2019;8(9):1404.
  • Menéndez R, Méndez R, Almansa R, et al. Simultaneous depression of immunological synapse and endothelial injury is associated with organ dysfunction in community-acquired pneumonia. J Clin Med 2019;8(9):1404.
  • Azkur AK, Akdis M, Azkur D, et al. Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and mechanisms of immunopathological changes in COVID-19. Allergy 2020;75(7):1564-1581.
  • Azkur AK, Akdis M, Azkur D, et al. Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and mechanisms of immunopathological changes in COVID-19. Allergy 2020;75(7):1564-1581.
  • Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2020;395(10229):1054-1062.
  • Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2020;395(10229):1054-1062.
  • Chen T, Wu D, Chen H, et al. Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study. BMJ 2020;368:m1091.
  • Chen T, Wu D, Chen H, et al. Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study. BMJ 2020;368:m1091.
  • Liu Y, Yang Y, Zhang C, et al. Clinical and biochemical indexes from 2019-nCoV infected patients linked to viral loads and lung injury. Sci China Life Sci 2020;63(3):364-374.
  • Liu Y, Yang Y, Zhang C, et al. Clinical and biochemical indexes from 2019-nCoV infected patients linked to viral loads and lung injury. Sci China Life Sci 2020;63(3):364-374.
  • Qin C, Zhou L, Hu Z, et al. Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Clin Infect Dis 2020;71(15):762-768.
  • Qin C, Zhou L, Hu Z, et al. Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Clin Infect Dis 2020;71(15):762-768.
  • Mason RJ. Pathogenesis of COVID-19 from a cell biology perspective. Eur Respir J 2020;55(4):2000607.
  • Mason RJ. Pathogenesis of COVID-19 from a cell biology perspective. Eur Respir J 2020;55(4):2000607.
  • Dofferhoff ASM, Swinkels A, Sprong T, et al. Diagnostic Algorithm for COVID-19 at the ER. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2020;164:D5042.
  • Dofferhoff ASM, Swinkels A, Sprong T, et al. Diagnostic Algorithm for COVID-19 at the ER. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2020;164:D5042.

Olası ve kesin COVID-19 vakalarının sosyodemografik, klinik, radyolojik ve laboratuvar bulgularının retrospektif olarak karşılaştırılması

Year 2021, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 706 - 716, 01.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.900915

Abstract

Amaç: Kliniğimizde takip edilen kesin COVID-19 vakalar ile olası COVID-19 vakalar arasındaki sosyodemografik, klinik, BT ve laboratuvar bulgularının farklarını incelemeyi amaçladık.
Gereç ve yöntem: İlk vaka tarihi olan 13 Mart 2020 ile 5 Mayıs 2020 arasında, olası ve kesin COVID-19 tanısıyla Göğüs Hastalıkları servisinde yatan tüm hastaların verileri retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastaların toraks BT bulguları, hastaların klinik ve PCR test sonuçlarına körleştirilen iki farklı radyolog tarafından CO-RADS sınıflamasına göre ayrı ayrı yorumlandı ve daha sonra ortak değerlendirme ile konsensüs sağlandı. Klinik, laboratuvar ve görüntüleme bulguları ile çoklu regresyon modellemesi yapıldı.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya 38 RT-PCR pozitif, 62 RT-PCR negatif olmak üzere toplam 99 hasta dahil edildi. Nötrofil/lenfosit oranı (NLR) ve lenfosit sayısı, RT-PCR pozitif hastalarda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde daha düşüktü (sırasıyla p = 0.038, p = 0.041). Benzer şekilde, pozitif hastalarda CRP değerlerinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde düşük olduğu gözlendi (p = 0.029). RT-PCR (+) ile RT-PCR (-) ancak toraks BT ‘si CO-RADS evrelemesine göre pozitif olan hastaların karşılaştırmalarında, RT-PCR (-) ancak toraks BT pozitif olan grupta anlamlı şekilde WBC, LDH ve CRP değerlerinin daha yüksek olduğu görüldü (sırasıyla p=0.001, p=0.033, p=0.004). Öksürük, WBC, LDH, CRP değerleri ve toraks BT skoru kullanılarak geliştirilen modelde en yüksek AUC değeri elde edilmiş, RT-PCR pozitifliğini ayırt etmede başarılı olabileceği görüldü (AUC=0.725, 95% CI: 0.619-0.830)
Sonuç: Klinik bulgular varlığında RT-PCR pozitifliğini beklemeden COVID-19 uyumlu BT bulguları (CO-RADS'ye göre evre 4-5) ile yüksek WBC, CRP VE LDH varsa COVID-19 olasılığı artacaktır.

References

  • Yan Y, Shin WI, Pang YX, et al. The First 75 Days of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Outbreak: Recent Advances, Prevention, and Treatment. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17(7):2323.
  • Yan Y, Shin WI, Pang YX, et al. The First 75 Days of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Outbreak: Recent Advances, Prevention, and Treatment. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17(7):2323.
  • Sarzi-Puttini P, Giorgi V, Sirotti S, et al. COVID-19, cytokines and immunosuppression: what can we learn from severe acute respiratory syndrome? Clin Exp Rheumatol 2020;38(2):337-342.
  • Sarzi-Puttini P, Giorgi V, Sirotti S, et al. COVID-19, cytokines and immunosuppression: what can we learn from severe acute respiratory syndrome? Clin Exp Rheumatol 2020;38(2):337-342.
  • Wujtewicz M, Dylczyk-Sommer A, Aszkiełowicz A, Zdanowski S, Piwowarczyk S, Owczuk R. COVID-19 - what should anaethesiologists and intensivists know about it? Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther 2020;52(1):34-41.
  • Wujtewicz M, Dylczyk-Sommer A, Aszkiełowicz A, Zdanowski S, Piwowarczyk S, Owczuk R. COVID-19 - what should anaethesiologists and intensivists know about it? Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther 2020;52(1):34-41.
  • TC. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü COVID-19 (Sars-CoV-2) enfeksiyonu rehberi. Avaliable at: https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/depo/rehberler/COVID-19_Rehberi.pdf. Accessed March 20, 2021.
  • TC. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü COVID-19 (Sars-CoV-2) enfeksiyonu rehberi. Avaliable at: https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/depo/rehberler/COVID-19_Rehberi.pdf. Accessed March 20, 2021.
  • Ai T, Yang Z, Hou H, et al. Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases. Radiology 2020;296(2):E32-E40.
  • Ai T, Yang Z, Hou H, et al. Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases. Radiology 2020;296(2):E32-E40.
  • Fang Y, Zhang H, Xie J, Lin M, Ying L, Pang P, Ji W. Sensitivity of Chest CT for COVID-19: Comparison to RT-PCR. Radiology 2020;296(2):E115-E117.
  • Fang Y, Zhang H, Xie J, Lin M, Ying L, Pang P, Ji W. Sensitivity of Chest CT for COVID-19: Comparison to RT-PCR. Radiology 2020;296(2):E115-E117.
  • Kanne JP, Little BP, Chung JH, Elicker BM, Ketai LH. Essentials for Radiologists on COVID-19: An Update-Radiology Scientific Expert Panel. Radiology 2020;296(2):E113-E114.
  • Kanne JP, Little BP, Chung JH, Elicker BM, Ketai LH. Essentials for Radiologists on COVID-19: An Update-Radiology Scientific Expert Panel. Radiology 2020;296(2):E113-E114.
  • Prokop M, van Everdingen W, van Rees Vellinga T, et al. COVID-19 Standardized Reporting Working Group of the Dutch Radiological Society. CO-RADS: A Categorical CT Assessment Scheme for Patients Suspected of Having COVID-19-Definition and Evaluation. Radiology 2020;296(2):E97-E104.
  • Prokop M, van Everdingen W, van Rees Vellinga T, et al. COVID-19 Standardized Reporting Working Group of the Dutch Radiological Society. CO-RADS: A Categorical CT Assessment Scheme for Patients Suspected of Having COVID-19-Definition and Evaluation. Radiology 2020;296(2):E97-E104.
  • Wang W, Xu Y, Gao R, et al. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens. JAMA 2020;323(18):1843-1844.
  • Wang W, Xu Y, Gao R, et al. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens. JAMA 2020;323(18):1843-1844.
  • Chan JF, Yip CC, To KK, et al. Improved Molecular Diagnosis of COVID-19 by the Novel, Highly Sensitive and Specific COVID-19-RdRp/Hel Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay Validated In Vitro and with Clinical Specimens. J Clin Microbiol 2020;58(5):e00310-20.
  • Chan JF, Yip CC, To KK, et al. Improved Molecular Diagnosis of COVID-19 by the Novel, Highly Sensitive and Specific COVID-19-RdRp/Hel Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay Validated In Vitro and with Clinical Specimens. J Clin Microbiol 2020;58(5):e00310-20.
  • Pan Y, Zhang D, Yang P, Poon LLM, Wang Q. Viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. Lancet Infect Dis 2020;20(4):411-412.
  • Pan Y, Zhang D, Yang P, Poon LLM, Wang Q. Viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. Lancet Infect Dis 2020;20(4):411-412.
  • Chen M, An W, Xia F, et al. Clinical characteristics of rehospitalized patients with COVID-19 in China. J Med Virol 2020;92(10):2146-2151.
  • Chen M, An W, Xia F, et al. Clinical characteristics of rehospitalized patients with COVID-19 in China. J Med Virol 2020;92(10):2146-2151.
  • Cao H, Ruan L, Liu J, Liao W. The clinical characteristic of eight patients of COVID-19 with positive RT-PCR test after discharge. J Med Virol 2020;92(10):2159-2164.
  • Cao H, Ruan L, Liu J, Liao W. The clinical characteristic of eight patients of COVID-19 with positive RT-PCR test after discharge. J Med Virol 2020;92(10):2159-2164.
  • He JL, Luo L, Luo ZD, et al. Diagnostic performance between CT and initial real-time RT-PCR for clinically suspected 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients outside Wuhan, China. Respir Med 2020;168:105980.
  • He JL, Luo L, Luo ZD, et al. Diagnostic performance between CT and initial real-time RT-PCR for clinically suspected 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients outside Wuhan, China. Respir Med 2020;168:105980.
  • Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020;395(10223):497-506.
  • Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020;395(10223):497-506.
  • Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 2020;323(11):1061-1069.
  • Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 2020;323(11):1061-1069.
  • Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet 2020;395(10223):507-513.
  • Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet 2020;395(10223):507-513.
  • Huang Q, Deng X, Li Y, et al. Clinical characteristics and drug therapies in patients with the common-type coronavirus disease 2019 in Hunan, China. Int J Clin Pharm 2020;42(3):837-845.
  • Huang Q, Deng X, Li Y, et al. Clinical characteristics and drug therapies in patients with the common-type coronavirus disease 2019 in Hunan, China. Int J Clin Pharm 2020;42(3):837-845.
  • Javanian M, Bayani M, Shokri M, et al. Clinical and laboratory findings from patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Babol North of Iran: a retrospective cohort study. Rom J Intern Med 2020;58(3):161-167.
  • Javanian M, Bayani M, Shokri M, et al. Clinical and laboratory findings from patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Babol North of Iran: a retrospective cohort study. Rom J Intern Med 2020;58(3):161-167.
  • Tan L, Wang Q, Zhang D, et al. Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of COVID-19: a descriptive and predictive study. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020;5(1):33.
  • Tan L, Wang Q, Zhang D, et al. Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of COVID-19: a descriptive and predictive study. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020;5(1):33.
  • Bermejo-Martin JF, Almansa R, Menéndez R, Mendez R, Kelvin DJ, Torres A. Lymphopenic community acquired pneumonia as signature of severe COVID-19 infection. J Infect 2020;80(5):e23-e24.
  • Bermejo-Martin JF, Almansa R, Menéndez R, Mendez R, Kelvin DJ, Torres A. Lymphopenic community acquired pneumonia as signature of severe COVID-19 infection. J Infect 2020;80(5):e23-e24.
  • Bermejo-Martin JF, Martín-Fernandez M, López-Mestanza C, Duque P, Almansa R. Shared features of endothelial dysfunction between sepsis and its preceding risk factors (Aging and chronic disease). J Clin Med 2018;7(11):400.
  • Bermejo-Martin JF, Martín-Fernandez M, López-Mestanza C, Duque P, Almansa R. Shared features of endothelial dysfunction between sepsis and its preceding risk factors (Aging and chronic disease). J Clin Med 2018;7(11):400.
  • Menéndez R, Méndez R, Almansa R, et al. Simultaneous depression of immunological synapse and endothelial injury is associated with organ dysfunction in community-acquired pneumonia. J Clin Med 2019;8(9):1404.
  • Menéndez R, Méndez R, Almansa R, et al. Simultaneous depression of immunological synapse and endothelial injury is associated with organ dysfunction in community-acquired pneumonia. J Clin Med 2019;8(9):1404.
  • Azkur AK, Akdis M, Azkur D, et al. Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and mechanisms of immunopathological changes in COVID-19. Allergy 2020;75(7):1564-1581.
  • Azkur AK, Akdis M, Azkur D, et al. Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and mechanisms of immunopathological changes in COVID-19. Allergy 2020;75(7):1564-1581.
  • Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2020;395(10229):1054-1062.
  • Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2020;395(10229):1054-1062.
  • Chen T, Wu D, Chen H, et al. Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study. BMJ 2020;368:m1091.
  • Chen T, Wu D, Chen H, et al. Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study. BMJ 2020;368:m1091.
  • Liu Y, Yang Y, Zhang C, et al. Clinical and biochemical indexes from 2019-nCoV infected patients linked to viral loads and lung injury. Sci China Life Sci 2020;63(3):364-374.
  • Liu Y, Yang Y, Zhang C, et al. Clinical and biochemical indexes from 2019-nCoV infected patients linked to viral loads and lung injury. Sci China Life Sci 2020;63(3):364-374.
  • Qin C, Zhou L, Hu Z, et al. Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Clin Infect Dis 2020;71(15):762-768.
  • Qin C, Zhou L, Hu Z, et al. Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Clin Infect Dis 2020;71(15):762-768.
  • Mason RJ. Pathogenesis of COVID-19 from a cell biology perspective. Eur Respir J 2020;55(4):2000607.
  • Mason RJ. Pathogenesis of COVID-19 from a cell biology perspective. Eur Respir J 2020;55(4):2000607.
  • Dofferhoff ASM, Swinkels A, Sprong T, et al. Diagnostic Algorithm for COVID-19 at the ER. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2020;164:D5042.
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There are 60 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Infectious Diseases
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Erhan Ugurlu 0000-0001-5402-6925

Nazlı Çetin 0000-0002-9077-0580

Furkan Ufuk 0000-0002-8614-5387

Nilüfer Yiğit 0000-0002-5871-6461

Hüseyin Gökhan Yavaş 0000-0003-4220-3482

Seçim Kolak This is me 0000-0002-5406-3459

Ahmet Çalışkan 0000-0002-1156-3787

Neşe Dursunoğlu 0000-0002-6323-3456

Sevin Başer Öncel 0000-0002-5538-7754

Göksel Altınışık Ergur 0000-0001-6869-1301

Sibel Pekcan This is me 0000-0001-5321-0034

Publication Date July 1, 2021
Submission Date March 24, 2021
Acceptance Date May 24, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 14 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Ugurlu, E., Çetin, N., Ufuk, F., Yiğit, N., et al. (2021). Retrospective comparison of the sociodemographic, clinical, radiological and laboratory findings of probable and definitive COVID-19 cases. Pamukkale Medical Journal, 14(3), 706-716. https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.900915
AMA Ugurlu E, Çetin N, Ufuk F, Yiğit N, Yavaş HG, Kolak S, Çalışkan A, Dursunoğlu N, Başer Öncel S, Altınışık Ergur G, Pekcan S. Retrospective comparison of the sociodemographic, clinical, radiological and laboratory findings of probable and definitive COVID-19 cases. Pam Med J. July 2021;14(3):706-716. doi:10.31362/patd.900915
Chicago Ugurlu, Erhan, Nazlı Çetin, Furkan Ufuk, Nilüfer Yiğit, Hüseyin Gökhan Yavaş, Seçim Kolak, Ahmet Çalışkan, Neşe Dursunoğlu, Sevin Başer Öncel, Göksel Altınışık Ergur, and Sibel Pekcan. “Retrospective Comparison of the Sociodemographic, Clinical, Radiological and Laboratory Findings of Probable and Definitive COVID-19 Cases”. Pamukkale Medical Journal 14, no. 3 (July 2021): 706-16. https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.900915.
EndNote Ugurlu E, Çetin N, Ufuk F, Yiğit N, Yavaş HG, Kolak S, Çalışkan A, Dursunoğlu N, Başer Öncel S, Altınışık Ergur G, Pekcan S (July 1, 2021) Retrospective comparison of the sociodemographic, clinical, radiological and laboratory findings of probable and definitive COVID-19 cases. Pamukkale Medical Journal 14 3 706–716.
IEEE E. Ugurlu, “Retrospective comparison of the sociodemographic, clinical, radiological and laboratory findings of probable and definitive COVID-19 cases”, Pam Med J, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 706–716, 2021, doi: 10.31362/patd.900915.
ISNAD Ugurlu, Erhan et al. “Retrospective Comparison of the Sociodemographic, Clinical, Radiological and Laboratory Findings of Probable and Definitive COVID-19 Cases”. Pamukkale Medical Journal 14/3 (July 2021), 706-716. https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.900915.
JAMA Ugurlu E, Çetin N, Ufuk F, Yiğit N, Yavaş HG, Kolak S, Çalışkan A, Dursunoğlu N, Başer Öncel S, Altınışık Ergur G, Pekcan S. Retrospective comparison of the sociodemographic, clinical, radiological and laboratory findings of probable and definitive COVID-19 cases. Pam Med J. 2021;14:706–716.
MLA Ugurlu, Erhan et al. “Retrospective Comparison of the Sociodemographic, Clinical, Radiological and Laboratory Findings of Probable and Definitive COVID-19 Cases”. Pamukkale Medical Journal, vol. 14, no. 3, 2021, pp. 706-1, doi:10.31362/patd.900915.
Vancouver Ugurlu E, Çetin N, Ufuk F, Yiğit N, Yavaş HG, Kolak S, Çalışkan A, Dursunoğlu N, Başer Öncel S, Altınışık Ergur G, Pekcan S. Retrospective comparison of the sociodemographic, clinical, radiological and laboratory findings of probable and definitive COVID-19 cases. Pam Med J. 2021;14(3):706-1.

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