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04.05.2021 | Allergologie in der HNO-Heilkunde | Übersicht Zur Zeit gratis

Praktischer Umgang mit allergischen Reaktionen auf COVID-19-Impfstoffe

Ein Positionspapier des Ärzteverbands Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA), der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allergologie und klinische Immunologie (DGAKI), der Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Allergologie und Umweltmedizin (GPA) und der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Immunologie (ÖGAI)

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. med. Ludger Klimek, Prof. Dr. med. Karl-Christian Bergmann, Prof. Dr. med. Randolf Brehler, Prof. Dr. med. Wolfgang Pfützner, Prof. Dr. med. Margitta Worm, Karin Hartmann, Prof. Dr. med. Thilo Jakob, Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. Natalija Novak, Prof. Dr. med. Dr. phil. Johannes Ring, Prof. Dr. med. Eckard Hamelmann, Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Tobias Ankermann, Sebastian M. Schmidt, MD, PhD Eva Untersmayr, Prof. Dr. Wolfram Hötzenecker, Prof. Dr. med. Erika Jensen-Jarolim, Prof. Dr. med. Torsten Zuberbier

Erschienen in: Allergo Journal | Ausgabe 3/2021

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund: Zur vorbeugenden Behandlung von COVID-19 (Coronaviruserkrankung 2019) wurden in einer beispiellosen weltweiten Forschungsanstrengung Sicherheit und Wirksamkeit neuer Impfstoffplattformen studiert, die noch nie zuvor am Menschen eingesetzt wurden. Weniger als ein Jahr nach der Entdeckung der SARS-CoV-2-Virussequenz (SARS-CoV-2, "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2") wurden diese in zahlreichen Ländern für den Einsatz zugelassen und es wurde mit Massenimpfungen begonnen. Die bislang in der Europäischen Union (EU) zugelassenen mRNA-Impfstoffe (mRNA, "messenger"-RNA) gegen SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 und mRNA-1273 basieren auf einer ähnlichen lipidbasierten Nanopartikelträgertechnologie; die Lipidkomponenten unterscheiden sich jedoch. Schwere allergische Reaktionen und Anaphylaxien nach COVID-19-Impfungen sind sehr seltene unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen, die aber aufgrund potenziell letaler Ausgänge viel Aufmerksamkeit erhalten und ein hohes Maß an Verunsicherung ausgelöst haben.

Methoden: Das aktuelle Wissen zu anaphylaktischen Reaktionen auf Impfstoffe und speziell zu den derzeit neuen mRNA-COVID-19-Impfstoffen wurde zusammengestellt mittels einer Literaturanalyse durch Recherchen in Medline, Pubmed sowie den nationalen und internationalen Studien- und Leitlinienregistern, der Cochrane Library und dem Internet unter besonderer Berücksichtigung offizieller Webseiten der World Health Oranization (WHO), der Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), der European Medicines Agency (EMA), des Robert-Koch-Instituts (RKI) und des Paul-Ehrlich-Instituts (PEI).

Ergebnisse: Basierend auf der internationalen Literatur und bisheriger Erfahrungen zu schweren allergischen Reaktionen im Kontext der COVID-19-Impfungen werden von einem Expertengremium Empfehlungen für Prophylaxe, Diagnostik und Therapie dieser allergischen Reaktionen gegeben.

Schlussfolgerung: Vor einer COVID-19-Impfung mit den derzeit zugelassenen Impfstoffen sind Allergietests für die allermeisten Allergiker nicht notwendig. Bei allergischer/anaphylaktischer Reaktion auf den verabreichten COVID-19-Impfstoff wird eine allergologische Abklärung empfohlen, wie auch für eine kleine potenzielle Risikopopulation vor der ersten Impfung. Die Evaluierung und Zulassung von Testverfahren sollten hierfür erfolgen.

Zitierweise: Klimek L, Bergmann K-C, Brehler R, Pfützner W, Zuberbier T, Hartmann K, Jakob T, Novak N, Ring J, Merk H; Hamelmann E, Ankermann T, Schmidt S, Untersmayr E, Hötzenecker W, Jensen-Jarolim E, Brockow K, Mahler V, Worm M. Practical Handling of Allergic Reactions to COVID-19 vaccines. A Position Paper from German and Austrian Allergy Societies AeDA, DGAKI, GPA and ÖGAI. Allergo J Int 2021;30:79-95

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Titel: Praktischer Umgang mit allergischen Reaktionen auf COVID-19-Impfstoffe
Ein Positionspapier des Ärzteverbands Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA), der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allergologie und klinische Immunologie (DGAKI), der Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Allergologie und Umweltmedizin (GPA) und der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Immunologie (ÖGAI)
verfasst von: Prof. Dr. med. Ludger Klimek
Prof. Dr. med. Karl-Christian Bergmann
Prof. Dr. med. Randolf Brehler
Prof. Dr. med. Wolfgang Pfützner
Prof. Dr. med. Margitta Worm
Karin Hartmann
Prof. Dr. med. Thilo Jakob
Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. Natalija Novak
Prof. Dr. med. Dr. phil. Johannes Ring
Prof. Dr. med. Eckard Hamelmann
Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Tobias Ankermann
Sebastian M. Schmidt
MD, PhD Eva Untersmayr
Prof. Dr. Wolfram Hötzenecker
Prof. Dr. med. Erika Jensen-Jarolim
Prof. Dr. med. Torsten Zuberbier
Publikationsdatum: 04.05.2021
Verlag: Springer Medizin
Schlagwörter: Allergologie in der HNO-Heilkunde
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Anaphylaxie
Anaphylaxie
Impfungen
COVID-19-Impfung
Erschienen in: Allergo Journal / Ausgabe 3/2021
Print ISSN: 0941-8849
Elektronische ISSN: 2195-6405
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s15007-021-4773-1

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