An International Federal Hyperledger Fabric Verification Framework for Digital COVID-19 Vaccine Passport
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- This study aims to develop a solution that provides privacy protection, anti-tampering, anti-identity theft, and proof of vaccination administration.
- The screening results of all citizens will be uploaded to the blockchain through blockchain technology, and the health status of a fixed time will be recorded through the blockchain to make a DVP.
- By introducing an international federal identity management framework, different countries can verify that their citizens have received vaccination certificates before entering the country.
- The uploading and querying of transnational and inter-organizational vaccine administration records and verification of transnational vaccine administration records.
- Through the international Hyperledger Fabric architecture, a stable and latency-reducing system flow of cross-border digital vaccine distribution and verification is established.
2. Preliminary
2.1. Hyperledger Fabric
2.2. Decentralized Application
2.3. Digital Certificate and Digital Passport
2.4. Identity Management
3. A Verification Framework of Digital COVID-19 Vaccine Passport
3.1. System Architecture and Process
3.2. Involved Actors
3.3. Chaincode
Algorithm 1 Citizen_Register | |
Input: C_Add, C_ID, C_name, C_birth, C_nationlity | |
1 | if Check_Citizen(C_Add) is not exist then |
2 | Add CitizenInfo to CitizenaArrayList; |
3 | Setting G_approved = false; |
4 | str = “Application submitted.”; |
5 | else |
6 | str = “Citizen has been registered”; |
7 | end if |
Algorithm 2 Passport_Issue | |
Input: DVP_ID, P_num, I_ID, C_ID, IR_ID1, IR_ID2, Issued_time | |
1 | if Inject_Record_query (IR_ID1) <> null && Inject_Record_query (IR_ID1) <> null then |
2 | if Check_Issuer(I_ID) = Issuer ID then |
3 | Print query result from Inject_Record_query(IR_ID1); |
4 | Print query result from Inject_Record_query(IR_ID2); |
5 | if info of inject record 1 is pass && info of inject record 2 is pass then |
6 | Add Digital Vaccine Passport Info to DVPArrayList; |
7 | str = “Create Success.”; |
8 | else |
9 | str = “Create Fail.”; |
10 | end if |
11 | else |
12 | str = “You are not Issuer!!”; |
13 | end if |
14 | end if |
Algorithm 3 Passport_query | |
Input: P_num, C_ID, DVP_ID | |
1 | if Passport_query(P_num) <> null && Passport_query(DVP_ID) <> null then |
2 | Print query result from Passport_query(P_num); |
3 | if query result without question then |
4 | Print Passport query result from Customs Identity Database; |
5 | if Passport query result without question then |
6 | Recorded as accept entry; |
7 | else |
8 | Recorded as Reject entry; |
9 | end if |
10 | end if |
11 | end if |
4. Discussion
4.1. Performance Evaluation
4.2. Security Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author | Reentrancy | DoS | Sybil Attack | Man-in-the-Middle Attack | Data Integrity | Data Privacy |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yazdinejad et al. [24] | - | ˇ | - | - | ˇ | ˇ |
Eisenstadt et al. [8] | - | - | - | - | ˇ | ˇ |
Abid et al. [16] | - | - | - | - | ˇ | ˇ |
Xie et al. [14] | - | - | - | - | ˇ | ˇ |
Xu et al. [11] | - | - | - | - | ˇ | ˇ |
Hasan et al. [22] | ˇ | ˇ | - | ˇ | ˇ | ˇ |
Meier et al. [31] | - | - | - | - | - | ˇ |
Our study | ˇ | ˇ | ˇ | ˇ | ˇ | ˇ |
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Shih, D.-H.; Shih, P.-L.; Wu, T.-W.; Liang, S.-H.; Shih, M.-H. An International Federal Hyperledger Fabric Verification Framework for Digital COVID-19 Vaccine Passport. Healthcare 2022, 10, 1950. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101950
Shih D-H, Shih P-L, Wu T-W, Liang S-H, Shih M-H. An International Federal Hyperledger Fabric Verification Framework for Digital COVID-19 Vaccine Passport. Healthcare. 2022; 10(10):1950. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101950
Chicago/Turabian StyleShih, Dong-Her, Pai-Ling Shih, Ting-Wei Wu, Shu-Huai Liang, and Ming-Hung Shih. 2022. "An International Federal Hyperledger Fabric Verification Framework for Digital COVID-19 Vaccine Passport" Healthcare 10, no. 10: 1950. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101950