UNTYING EMPIRICAL KNOTS: DETERIORATION OF PROFITABILITY, ECONOMIC FAILURE, AND FINANCIAL INSOLVENCY IN THE PHILIPPINES BEFORE COVID-19 OUTBREAK

Main Article Content

Emmanuel Onsay

Abstract

Corporate bankruptcy has enormous economic ramifications, particularly for investors and creditors of publicly listed companies (PLC). Prior to a corporate collapse, a company's financial status is frequently in jeopardy, and its performance either affirms progress or predicts failure. As a result, management is interested in a technique of determining a company's financial distress. Financial accounting analyses were performed to determine the solvency, liquidity, profitability, and gearing capacity of 136 firms, with 680 economic entries, before CoVid-19 Outbreak. To scrutinise financial distress, the Altman Z-scores and financial zone of discriminations were generated through GB bankruptcy, and PLC bankruptcy model. The link between declining profitability, economic failure, and financial insolvency as indicators of financial distress was examined through panel regression with random factors. Prior to the COVID-19 outbreak, there were no signs of declining profitability, economic collapse, or financial insolvency in the Philippines, according to the findings of the study. Individual components of financial distress and the overall z-score have no statistically meaningful association with financial performance and position markers. As a result, the solvency ratio has little predictive value in forecasting financial distress. The fact that a company has a higher solvency ratio does not also imply that it is less likely to go bankrupt. The findings go counter to classic accounting perspectives and pure managerial research that claim the solvency ratio is always a reliable predictor of financial distress. Finally, the paper examined the financial health of firms and untangled the knots of financial distress.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

Section
Articles

References

ADBI. (2019). Corporate Governance, Firm Profitability, and Share Valuation in the Philippines. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO). Retrieved from https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/549336/corporate-governance-firm-profitabilty-philippines.pdf

Aziz, M. A., & Dar, H. A. (2006). Predicting corporate bankruptcy: where we stand?. Corporate Governance: The international journal of business in society.

Aduana, N. L. (2015). Financial Statements Preparation, Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation. Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc. Retrieved from https://www.carousell.ph/p/financial-statements-preparation-presentation-analysis-and-interpretation-by-nick-aduana-177301151/

Altman, E. I. (1968). Financial Ratios, Discriminant Analysis and the Prediction of Corporate Bankruptcy. The Journal of Finance, 23(4), 589-609. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2978933

Brîndescu-Olariu, D. (2014). The potential of the equity working capital in the prediction of bankruptcy. Management intercultural, (31), 25-32.

Brîndescu-Olariu, D. (2015). The Potential of the Debt ratio in the Prediction of Corporate Bankruptcy. Journal of Public Administration, Finance and Law, (special), 37-45.

Brîndescu-Olariu, D. (2016a). Solvency Ratio as a Tool for Bankruptcy Prediction. Paper submitted for publication. Retrieved from http://ecoforumjournal.ro/index.php/eco/article/viewFile/418/265

Brîndescu-Olariu, D. (2016b). Bankruptcy Prediction Based on the Debt Ratio. Theoretical and Applied Economics, XXIII(2), 145-156. Retrieved from https://econpapers.repec.org/article/agrjournl/v_3axxiii_3ay_3a2016_3ai_3a2(607)_3ap_3a145-156.htm

Brigham, E. F., & Daves, P. R. (2007). Intermediate Financial Management. Mason: Thomson Higher Education. Retrieved from https://bandi.feb.uns.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/intermediate-brigham-full.pdf

Chung, K. C., Tan, S. S., & Holdsworth, D. K. (2008). Insolvency Prediction Model Using Multivariate. International Journal of Business and Management.

Chouhan, V., Chandra, B., & Goswami, S. (2014). Predicting Financial Stability of Select BSE Companies Revisiting Altman Z Score. International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, 15(2), 92-105.

Claessens, S., Djankov, S., & Klapper, L. (2003). Resolution of Corporate Distress in East Asia. Journal of Empirical Finance, 10(1-2), 199-216. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222567155_Resolution_of_Corporate_Distress_in_East_Asia

Enyi, E. P. (2008). A Comparative Analysis of the Effectiveness of Three Solvency Management Models. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1138357

Ferrer, R. C., & Banderlipe II, M. R. S. (2012). The Influence of Corporate Board Characteristics on Firm Performance of Publicly Listed Property Companies in the Philippines. Academy of Accounting & Financial Studies Journal, 16(4), 123-142. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mcrey-Banderlipe-Ii/publication/288095245_The_influence_of_corporate_board_characteristics_on_firm_performance_of_publicly_listed_property_companies_in_the_philippines/links/56c4270c08aee3dcd416eaff/The-influence-of-corporate-board-characteristics-on-firm-performance-of-publicly-listed-property-companies-in-the-philippines.pdf

Gao, P., Parsons, C. A., & Shen, J. (2018). Global Relation Between Financial Distress and Equity Returns. The Review of Financial Studies, 31(1), 239-277. Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/rfs/article-abstract/31/1/239/3867963

Greene, W. (2002). Econometrics Analysis. New York: Prentice Hall.

Helfert, E. (2015). Financial Analysis: Tools and Techniques - A Guide for Managers. New York: McGraw-Hill. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/2124620/Financial_analysis_tools_and_techniques_a_guide_for_managers

Klapper, L., Claessens, S., & Djankov, S. (1999). Resolution of Corporate Distress: Evidence from East Asia's Financial Crisis. Washington, DC: World Bank. Retrieved from https://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/1813-9450-2133

Lim, C. H. (1998). Managing Corporate Distress in the Philippines: Some Policy Recommendations. IMF Working Paper No. 98/138. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=882700

Lizares, R. M., & Bautista, C. C. (2021). Corporate Financial Distress: The Case of Publicly Listed Firms in an Emerging Market Economy. Journal of International Financial Management & Accounting, 32(1), 5-20. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jifm.12122

Mahama, M. (2015). Assessing the State of Financial Distress in Listed Companies in Ghana: Signs, Sources, Detection and Elimination–A Test of Altman’s Z-Score. European Journal of Business and Management, 7(3), 1-10. Retrieved from https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.679.5915&rep=rep1&type=pdf

McReynald, S. (2013). Board Characteristics and Its Impact on Share Prices of Publicly Listed Holding Companies in the Philippines. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mcrey-Banderlipe-Ii/publication/294814145_Board_Characteristics_and_its_Impact_on_Share_Prices_of_Publicly-Listed_Holding_Companies_in_the_Philippines/links/56c426af08ae60234251249b/Board-Characteristics-and-its-Impact-on-Share-Prices-of-Publicly-Listed-Holding-Companies-in-the-Philippines.pdf

Outecheva, N. (2007). Corporate Financial Distress: An Empirical Analysis of Distress Risk (Doctoral thesis), Graduate School of Business Administration, Economics, Law and Social Sciences, University of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland. Retrieved from https://www.e-helvetica.nb.admin.ch/api/download/urn%3Anbn%3Ach%3Abel-130003%3Adis3430.pdf

Ohlson, J. A. (1980). Financial Ratios and the Probabilistic Prediction of Bankruptcy. Journal of Accounting Research, 18, 109–131. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/2490395

Pauli, J., & Wolf, M. (2017). Hanjin Shipping: Slow-Steaming into Bankruptcy: Causes and Effects (Master’s thesis), School of Business, Economics and Law, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. Retrieved from https://gupea.ub.gu.se/handle/2077/52799

Russ, R. W., Peffley, W. W., & Greenfield, A. C. (2004, January 6). The Altman Z-Score Revisited. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=484923

Torres-Reyna, O. (2007). Panel Data Analysis - Fixed and Random Effects using Stata (v. 4.2). Princeton: Data and Statistical Services, Priceton University.

Tuvadaratragool, S. (2013). The Role of Financial Ratios in Signalling Financial Distress: Evidence from Thai Listed Companies (Doctoral dissertation), Southern Cross University, East Lismore, Australia. Retrieved from https://researchportal.scu.edu.au/esploro/outputs/doctoral/The-role-of-financial-ratios-in-signalling-financial-distress--evidence-from-Thai-listed-companies/991012821520902368

Wang, D., & Zhou, F. (2016). The Application of Financial Analysis in Business Management. Open Journal of Business and Management, 4, 471-475. Retrieved from https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=68268

Whitaker, R. (1999). The Early Stages of Financial Distress. Journal of Economics and Finance, 23(2), 12-132. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02745946