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Immunogenicity and Safety of Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in People Living with HIV: A Cross-Sectional Study

25 Pages Posted: 27 Aug 2021

See all articles by Shao-hang Cai

Shao-hang Cai

Southern Medical University - Department of Infectious Diseases

Guichan Liao

affiliation not provided to SSRN

Tao Yu

affiliation not provided to SSRN

Qiqing Gao

affiliation not provided to SSRN

Lirong Zou

affiliation not provided to SSRN

Huan Zhang

affiliation not provided to SSRN

Xuwen Xu

affiliation not provided to SSRN

Juanjuan Chen

affiliation not provided to SSRN

Aili Lu

affiliation not provided to SSRN

Yingsong Wu

Southern Medical University - Institute of Antibody Engineering

Baisheng Li

Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention

Jie Peng

Southern Medical University - Nanfang Hospital; Guizhou Medical University (Guiyang Medical University) - Department of Oncology

More...

Abstract

Background: To analyze the efficacy and safety of SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine in people living with HIV (PLWH).

Methods: A total of 143 PLWH were included in the study. All patients were confirmed with HIV-1 infection. We also enrolled 50 healthy individuals vaccinated with two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine as controls. A commercially available magnetic chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay kit was used to detected serum IgG and IgM against SARS-CoV-2.

Findings: Serum levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG were significantly higher in the control group than in the PLWH group (P=0.001). Overall, 76% of individuals in the control group achieved IgG seroconversion after vaccination compared with 58% in the PLWH group (P=0.024). The time after vaccination in IgG seronegative PLWH was significantly longer compared with PLWH with IgG seropositive (43.38 ± 34.96 vs 30.27 ± 20.12 days, P=0.005). In PLWH with IgG seropositivity, CD4+ T cell counts before antiretroviral therapy (ART) (P=0.015) and at IgG detection (P<0.001) were higher. Multivariable analysis indicated CD4+ T cells at IgG detection (OR=1.004, P=0.006) and time after vaccination (OR=0.977, P=0.014) were independently associated with humoral response in PLWH after vaccination. Neutralizing antibody (NeuAb) titers in PLWH against wild type SARS-CoV-2 were similar compared with the Control group (P=0.160). The proportion of seropositive NeuAb against wild type SARS-CoV-2 were also similar (95% in Control group vs 97% in PLWH group, P=0.665). Similar results were obtained when NeuAb were detected against the delta variants with similar titers (P=0.355) and with similar proportion of humoral response (P=0.588). All side effects observed in our study were mild and self-limiting. There was no significant difference in occurrence of side effects in the control and PLWH groups. 

Interpretation: The inactivated COVID-19 vaccine appears to be safe with good immunogenicity in PLWH.

Funding: This study was supported by Clinical Research Startup Program of Southern Medical University by High-level University Construction Funding of Guangdong Provincial Department of Education (No. LC2016PY003).

Declaration of Interest: None of the authors have competing interests to disclose.

Ethical Approval: The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Nanfang Hospital (NFEC-2021-178).

Keywords: Human immunodeficiency virus; SARS-CoV-2 vaccination; Neutralizing antibody; COVID-19; Side effects.

Suggested Citation

Cai, Shao-hang and Liao, Guichan and Yu, Tao and Gao, Qiqing and Zou, Lirong and Zhang, Huan and Xu, Xuwen and Chen, Juanjuan and Lu, Aili and Wu, Yingsong and Li, Baisheng and Peng, Jie, Immunogenicity and Safety of Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in People Living with HIV: A Cross-Sectional Study. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3912536 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3912536

Shao-hang Cai

Southern Medical University - Department of Infectious Diseases ( email )

Guangdong
China

Guichan Liao

affiliation not provided to SSRN

No Address Available

Tao Yu (Contact Author)

affiliation not provided to SSRN

Qiqing Gao

affiliation not provided to SSRN

No Address Available

Lirong Zou

affiliation not provided to SSRN

No Address Available

Huan Zhang

affiliation not provided to SSRN

Xuwen Xu

affiliation not provided to SSRN

No Address Available

Juanjuan Chen

affiliation not provided to SSRN

No Address Available

Aili Lu

affiliation not provided to SSRN

No Address Available

Yingsong Wu

Southern Medical University - Institute of Antibody Engineering ( email )

Guangzhou
China

Baisheng Li

Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention ( email )

Guangzhou, Guangdong Province
China

Jie Peng

Southern Medical University - Nanfang Hospital ( email )

Guangzhou, Guangdong Province
China

Guizhou Medical University (Guiyang Medical University) - Department of Oncology ( email )

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