An Insight into ACE2 Expression Associated Complexities of COVID-19 and the Possible Vaccine Strategies to Control Viral Entry into Host Cells

Khandaker Atkia Fariha; Hasan Mahmud Syfuddin; Shamim Ahmed

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.11

| Peer-Reviewed

An Insight into ACE2 Expression Associated Complexities of COVID-19 and the Possible Vaccine Strategies to Control Viral Entry into Host Cells

Khandaker Atkia Fariha, Hasan Mahmud Syfuddin, Shamim Ahmed

Published in American Journal of Internal Medicine (Volume 9, Issue 2)

Received: 25 January 2021 Accepted: 19 February 2021 Published: 4 March 2021

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Abstract

The first detected COVID-19 virus in China in late December 2019, has now spread to over 200 countries and territories across the globe. As it is a novel virus, in course of time, new symptoms and new complexities in patients have arisen, which demand immediate attention. This ambiguous, fast mutating nature and strain variations of SARS CoV2 have hindered the way of vaccine development. However, recognizing this new virus as a member of coronavidae family and its similarity with previously prevailed SARS-Cov virus has advantages in order for its further characterization and identification of the route of entry. Hence, this review aims at providing an overview of the viral entry pathway and explaining the reasons behind the vulnerability of an individual based on his/her age, sex, weight, other existing diseases and genetic make-up. It will also try to explicate various newly emerged symptoms of COVID-19 from the perspective of cytokinin storm theory. Furthermore, it summarizes all the therapeutic strategies based on preventing virus entry, some of which are already developed or under trial or yet confined in theory using currently published literature, scientific reports and research articles about SARS-CoV2. This review will help better understand the COVID-19 complicacies with latest concepts on therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV2.

Published in	American Journal of Internal Medicine (Volume 9, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.11
Page(s)	58-69
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

SARS-CoV, COVID-19, ACE2, Viral Entry Pathway, Vaccine Strategy

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Khandaker Atkia Fariha, Hasan Mahmud Syfuddin, Shamim Ahmed. (2021). An Insight into ACE2 Expression Associated Complexities of COVID-19 and the Possible Vaccine Strategies to Control Viral Entry into Host Cells. American Journal of Internal Medicine, 9(2), 58-69. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.11

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Khandaker Atkia Fariha; Hasan Mahmud Syfuddin; Shamim Ahmed. An Insight into ACE2 Expression Associated Complexities of COVID-19 and the Possible Vaccine Strategies to Control Viral Entry into Host Cells. Am. J. Intern. Med. 2021, 9(2), 58-69. doi: 10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.11

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Khandaker Atkia Fariha, Hasan Mahmud Syfuddin, Shamim Ahmed. An Insight into ACE2 Expression Associated Complexities of COVID-19 and the Possible Vaccine Strategies to Control Viral Entry into Host Cells. Am J Intern Med. 2021;9(2):58-69. doi: 10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.11,
  author = {Khandaker Atkia Fariha and Hasan Mahmud Syfuddin and Shamim Ahmed},
  title = {An Insight into ACE2 Expression Associated Complexities of COVID-19 and the Possible Vaccine Strategies to Control Viral Entry into Host Cells},
  journal = {American Journal of Internal Medicine},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {58-69},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajim.20210902.11},
  abstract = {The first detected COVID-19 virus in China in late December 2019, has now spread to over 200 countries and territories across the globe. As it is a novel virus, in course of time, new symptoms and new complexities in patients have arisen, which demand immediate attention. This ambiguous, fast mutating nature and strain variations of SARS CoV2 have hindered the way of vaccine development. However, recognizing this new virus as a member of coronavidae family and its similarity with previously prevailed SARS-Cov virus has advantages in order for its further characterization and identification of the route of entry. Hence, this review aims at providing an overview of the viral entry pathway and explaining the reasons behind the vulnerability of an individual based on his/her age, sex, weight, other existing diseases and genetic make-up. It will also try to explicate various newly emerged symptoms of COVID-19 from the perspective of cytokinin storm theory. Furthermore, it summarizes all the therapeutic strategies based on preventing virus entry, some of which are already developed or under trial or yet confined in theory using currently published literature, scientific reports and research articles about SARS-CoV2. This review will help better understand the COVID-19 complicacies with latest concepts on therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV2.},
 year = {2021}
}

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IS  - 2
ER  -

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Khandaker Atkia Fariha

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
Hasan Mahmud Syfuddin

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh; Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
Shamim Ahmed

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh

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Khandaker Atkia Fariha, Hasan Mahmud Syfuddin, Shamim Ahmed. (2021). An Insight into ACE2 Expression Associated Complexities of COVID-19 and the Possible Vaccine Strategies to Control Viral Entry into Host Cells. American Journal of Internal Medicine, 9(2), 58-69. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.11

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ACS Style

Khandaker Atkia Fariha; Hasan Mahmud Syfuddin; Shamim Ahmed. An Insight into ACE2 Expression Associated Complexities of COVID-19 and the Possible Vaccine Strategies to Control Viral Entry into Host Cells. Am. J. Intern. Med. 2021, 9(2), 58-69. doi: 10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.11

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AMA Style

Khandaker Atkia Fariha, Hasan Mahmud Syfuddin, Shamim Ahmed. An Insight into ACE2 Expression Associated Complexities of COVID-19 and the Possible Vaccine Strategies to Control Viral Entry into Host Cells. Am J Intern Med. 2021;9(2):58-69. doi: 10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.11,
  author = {Khandaker Atkia Fariha and Hasan Mahmud Syfuddin and Shamim Ahmed},
  title = {An Insight into ACE2 Expression Associated Complexities of COVID-19 and the Possible Vaccine Strategies to Control Viral Entry into Host Cells},
  journal = {American Journal of Internal Medicine},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {58-69},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajim.20210902.11},
  abstract = {The first detected COVID-19 virus in China in late December 2019, has now spread to over 200 countries and territories across the globe. As it is a novel virus, in course of time, new symptoms and new complexities in patients have arisen, which demand immediate attention. This ambiguous, fast mutating nature and strain variations of SARS CoV2 have hindered the way of vaccine development. However, recognizing this new virus as a member of coronavidae family and its similarity with previously prevailed SARS-Cov virus has advantages in order for its further characterization and identification of the route of entry. Hence, this review aims at providing an overview of the viral entry pathway and explaining the reasons behind the vulnerability of an individual based on his/her age, sex, weight, other existing diseases and genetic make-up. It will also try to explicate various newly emerged symptoms of COVID-19 from the perspective of cytokinin storm theory. Furthermore, it summarizes all the therapeutic strategies based on preventing virus entry, some of which are already developed or under trial or yet confined in theory using currently published literature, scientific reports and research articles about SARS-CoV2. This review will help better understand the COVID-19 complicacies with latest concepts on therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV2.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - An Insight into ACE2 Expression Associated Complexities of COVID-19 and the Possible Vaccine Strategies to Control Viral Entry into Host Cells
AU  - Khandaker Atkia Fariha
AU  - Hasan Mahmud Syfuddin
AU  - Shamim Ahmed
Y1  - 2021/03/04
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.11
T2  - American Journal of Internal Medicine
JF  - American Journal of Internal Medicine
JO  - American Journal of Internal Medicine
SP  - 58
EP  - 69
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-4324
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20210902.11
AB  - The first detected COVID-19 virus in China in late December 2019, has now spread to over 200 countries and territories across the globe. As it is a novel virus, in course of time, new symptoms and new complexities in patients have arisen, which demand immediate attention. This ambiguous, fast mutating nature and strain variations of SARS CoV2 have hindered the way of vaccine development. However, recognizing this new virus as a member of coronavidae family and its similarity with previously prevailed SARS-Cov virus has advantages in order for its further characterization and identification of the route of entry. Hence, this review aims at providing an overview of the viral entry pathway and explaining the reasons behind the vulnerability of an individual based on his/her age, sex, weight, other existing diseases and genetic make-up. It will also try to explicate various newly emerged symptoms of COVID-19 from the perspective of cytokinin storm theory. Furthermore, it summarizes all the therapeutic strategies based on preventing virus entry, some of which are already developed or under trial or yet confined in theory using currently published literature, scientific reports and research articles about SARS-CoV2. This review will help better understand the COVID-19 complicacies with latest concepts on therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV2.
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
ER  -

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