THE EFFECT OF TRAINING FROM HOME (TFH) ON DETRAINING IN ELITE ROWING ATHLETES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Berliana Berliana, Dede Rohmat Nurjaya, Ira Purnamasari, Mona Fiametta Febrianty, Komarudin Komarudin, Geraldi Novian

Abstract

There was an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome by SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 in China. The virus spread quickly throughout the world, including in Indonesia. The government has taken many steps to reduce the spread of COVID-19, namely the Stay at Home phase, the Large-Scale Social Restrictions phase, and the New Normal phase. The entire process has affected sports by imposing Training from Home (TFH) for 14 national male athletes and 11 female national athletes for rowing in preparation for the Asia Cup. The athletes' seriousness in exercising for seven weeks was shown from recorded data during the New Normal. The purpose of this research is to see the effect of TFH on athlete detraining. The absence of specific research related to this is a novelty in this study. The method used is quasi-experimental, by looking at the athletes' seriousness in doing the exercises independently without direct assistance from the coach. The coaches could only assist online. The instrument used met the standards of validity and reliability of conformity. It was expected that the athletes' performance did not decrease as they entered the next stage of training. The results showed no significant effect of TFH on detraining in the components of Muscle Power, Aerobic Power, Capacity Squat, Deadlift, and Bench Pull in the men's group. In the women's group, there was a significant effect of TFH on detraining in Muscle Power and Women's Aerobic Capacity, and there was an insignificant effect of TFH on detraining in the components of Aerobic Power, Squat, Deadlift, and Bench Pull. This study concludes that TFH has different effects on detraining elite rowing athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

 


Keywords: Training from Home, Detraining, Elite Athletes, Rowing, COVID-19 Pandemic

 

 

DOI:https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.4.36

 

 


Full Text:

PDF


References


ZU, Z.Y. (2020) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Perspective from China. Radiology, 2019, pp. 200490.

YARIMKAYA, E., and ESENTÜRK, O.K. (2020) Promoting physical activity for children with autism spectrum disorders during Coronavirus outbreak: benefits, strategies, and examples. Int. J. Dev. Disabil., 0(0), pp. 1–6.

YANCY, C.W. (2020) COVID-19 and African Americans. JAMA - J. Am. Med. Assoc., 323(19), pp. 1891–1892.

HAMMAMI, A., HARRABI, B., MOHR, M., and KRUSTRUP, P. (2020) Physical activity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): specific recommendations for home-based physical training. Manag. Sports Leis., 0(0), pp. 1–6.

CORSINI, A., BISCIOTTI, G.N., EIRALE, C., and VOLPI, P. Football cannot restart soon during the COVID-19 emergency! A critical perspective from the Italian experience and a call for action. Br. J. Sports Med., 0(0), pp. 1–2.

PURNAMASARI, I., and NOVIAN, G. (2021) Self-Confidence and Anxiety Level of West Java PPLP Athletes during Training From Home (TFH) in the New Habit Adaptation Period (AKB). J. Patriot, 3(2), pp. 203–213.

SIMENZ, C.J., DUGAN, C.A., and EBBEN, W.P. (2005) Strength and conditioning practices of National Basketball Association strength and conditioning coaches. J. Strength Cond. Res., 19(3), pp. 495–504.

EARLE, R., and BAECHLE, T.R. (2004) The NSCA’s essentials of personal training text. Strength Cond. J., 26(2), pp. 76–77.

MANSUR, M. (2016) Pengaruh Complex Training Manipulation terhadap Peningkatan Power Otot Tungkaipada Mahasiswa Prodi Pko Fik Uny. J. Olahraga Prestasi, 12(1), pp. 16–26.

JUKIC, I. (2020) Strategies and Solutions for Team Sports Athletes in Isolation due to COVID-19. Sports, 8(4), pp. 56.

BOSQUET, L. (2013) Effect of training cessation on muscular performance: A meta-analysis. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sport., 23(3), pp. 140–149.

MELCHIORRI, G. Detraining in young soccer players. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness, 54(1), pp. 27–33.

NOLTE, V. (2011) Rowing Faster, 2nd ed. Human Kinetics, Inc.

NONES, J. (1999) Junior Rowing Guide. FISA Youth Commission.

SECHER, N.H., and VOLIANITIS, S. (2007) Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science Rowing. UK: Blackwell Publishing.

BOMPA, T.O., and BUZZICHELLI, C. (2018) Periodization-6th Edition: Theory and Methodology of Training.

AUNOLA, S., and RUSKO, H. (1986) Aerobic and anaerobic thresholds determined from venous lactate or ventilation and gas exchange concerning muscle fiber composition. Int. J. Sports Med., 7(3), pp. 161–166.

SKINNER, J.S., and MCLELLAN, T.H. (1980) The Transition from Aerobic to Anaerobic Metabolism. Res. Q. Exerc. Sport, 51(1), pp. 234–248.

HENNEMAN, E. (1957) Relation between size of neurons and their susceptibility to discharge. Science, 126(3287), pp. 1345–1347.

FRAENKEL, J.R., WALLEN, N.E., and HYUN, H.H. (2012) How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education, 8th Ed. New York: Mc Graw Hill.

NOLTE, V. (2005) Rowing Faster, 1st ed. Human Kinetics, Inc.

SANTOSO, S. (2017) Complete Guide to Mastering Statistics with SPSS 24. Jakarta: Jakarta: PT. Elex Media Komputindo.

MUJIKA, I., and PADILLA, S. (2001) Muscular characteristics of detraining in humans. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 33(8), pp. 1297–1303.

GONDIN, J., DUCLAY, J., and MARTIN, A. (2006) Neural drive preservation after detraining following neuromuscular electrical stimulation training. Neurosci. Lett., 409(3), pp. 210–214.

GARCÍA-PALLARIS, J., SÁNCHEZ-MEDINA, L., PIREZ, C.E., IZQUIERDO-GABARREN, M., and IZQUIERDO, M. (2010) Physiological effects of tapering and detraining in world-class kayakers. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 42(6), pp. 1209–1214.

SOUSA, A.C. (2019) Concurrent Training, and Detraining: The Influence of Different Aerobic Intensities. J. Strength Cond. Res., 00(00), pp. 1–10.

MUÑOZ-MARTÍNEZ, F.A., RUBIO-ARIAS, J., RAMOS-CAMPO, D.J., and ALCARAZ, P.E. (2017) Effectiveness of Resistance Circuit-Based Training for Maximum Oxygen Uptake and Upper-Body One-Repetition Maximum Improvements: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sport. Med., 47(12), pp. 2553–2568.

FREITAS, T.T., CALLEJA-GONZÁLEZ, J., ALARCON, F., and ALCARAZ, P.E. (2016) Acute Effects of Two Different Resistance Circuit Training Protocols on Performance and Perceived Exertion in Semiprofessional Basketball Players. J. Strength Cond. Res., 30(2), pp. 407–414.

N.A. (2014) American College of Sports Medicine, Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

CALDWELL, B., and PETERS, D. (2007) Seasonal Variations in the Physiological Fitness of Semi-Professional Footballers. J. Sports Sci., 25(3), pp. 367–368.

LÓPEZ, L.L., TORRES, J.R., RUBIO, A.O., TORRES SÁNCHEZ, I., CABRERA MARTOS, I., and VALENZA, M.C. (2019) Effects of neurodynamic treatment on hamstrings flexibility: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phys. Ther. Sport, 40, pp. 244–250.

JAHNKE, R., LARKEY, L., ROGERS, C., ETNIER, J., and LIN, F. (2010) A comprehensive review of health benefits of qigong and tai chi. Am. J. Health Promot., 24(6), pp. e1–e25.

COLLIANDER, E.B., and TESCH, P.A. (1992) Effects of detraining following short-term resistance training on eccentric and concentric muscle strength. Acta Physiol. Scand., 144(1), pp. 23–29.

LOTURCO, I. (2017) Effects of detraining on neuromuscular performance in a selected group of elite women pole-vaulters: A case study. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness, 57(4), pp. 490–495.

MALLINSON, J.E., and MURTON, A.J. (2013) Mechanisms responsible for disuse muscle atrophy: Potential role of protein provision and exercise as countermeasures. Nutrition, 29(1), pp. 22–28.

WANG, Y., and PESSIN, J.E. (2013) Mechanisms for fiber-type specificity of skeletal muscle atrophy. Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care, 16(3), pp. 243–250.

PHILLIPS, S.M., and MCGLORY, C. (2014) CrossTalk proposal: The dominant mechanism causing disuse muscle atrophy is decreased protein synthesis. J. Physiol., 592(24), pp. 5341–5343.

KLAUSEN, K., ANDERSEN, L.B., and PELLE, I. (1981) Adaptive changes in work capacity, skeletal muscle capillarization, and enzyme levels during training and detraining. Acta Physiol. Scand., 113(1), pp. 9–16.

NEUFER, P.D., COSTILL, D.L., FIELDING, R.A., FLYNN, M.G., and KIRWAN, J.P. (1987) Effect of reduced training on muscular strength and endurance in competitive swimmers.pdf. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 19(5), pp. 486–490.

DE BOER, M.D. (2007) The temporal responses of protein synthesis, gene expression and cell signaling in human quadriceps muscle and patellar tendon to disuse. J. Physiol., 585(1), pp. 241–251.

METTLER, S., MITCHELL, N., and TIPTON, K.D. (2010) Increased protein intake reduces lean body mass loss during weight loss in athletes. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 42(2), pp. 326–337.

IZQUIERDO, M. (2007) Detraining and Tapering Effects on Hormonal Responses and Strength Performance. J. Strength Cond. Res., 21, p. 76X-775.

KOUNDOURAKIS, N.E., ANDROULAKIS, N.E., MALLIARAKI, N., TSATSANIS, C., VENIHAKI, M., and MARGIORIS, A.N. (2014) Discrepancy between exercise performance, body composition, and sex steroid response after a six-week detraining period in professional soccer players. PLoS One, 9(2).

DJAOUI, L. (2014) Physical activity during a prolonged congested period in a top-class European football team. Asian J. Sports Med., 5(1), pp. 47–53.

TARRAGÓ, J., MASSAFRET, M., SEIRUL, F., and COS, F. (2019) Training in Team Sports : Structured Training in the FCB Entrenament en esports d’equip : l’entrenament estructurat al FCB. Apunt. Med. l’Esport, 137, pp. 103–114.

MUJIKA, I., HALSON, S., BURKE, L.M., BALAGUÉ, G., and FARROW, D. (2018) An integrated, multifactorial approach to periodization for optimal performance in individual and team sports. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform., 13(5), pp. 538–561.

JUKIC, I. (2018) Sport Preparation System in Team Sports: Synergy of Evidence, Practical Experiences, and Artistic Expression.

ROY-DAVIS, K., WADEY, R., and EVANS, L. (2017) A grounded theory of sport injury-related growth. Sport. Exerc. Perform. Psychol., 6(1), pp. 35–52.

JUKIC, I., NJARADI, N., GONZALEZ, J.C., and CUZZOLIN, F. (2020) Strength and Conditioning in Top-Level Team Sports : an Individual Discipline. Godišnja Međunarodna Konf. Kond. Pripr. Sport., 2020(February 21), pp. 15–25.

BOROTIKAR, B.S., NEWCOMER, R., KOPPES, R., and MCLEAN, S.G. (2008) Combined effects of fatigue and decision making on female lower limb landing postures: central and peripheral contributions to ACL injury risk. Clin. Biomech., 23(1), pp. 81–92.

PHILLIPS, S.M. (2017) Current Concepts and Unresolved Questions in Dietary Protein Requirements and Supplements in Adults. Front. Nutr., 4(May), pp. 1–10.

HECTOR, A.J., and PHILLIPS, S.M. (2018) Protein recommendations for weight loss in elite athletes: A focus on body composition and performance. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab., 28(2), pp. 170–177.

WANG, A. (2016) Opposing Effects of Fasting Metabolism on Tissue Tolerance in Bacterial and Viral Inflammation. Cell, 166(6), pp. 1512–1525.

RUSSELL, S., JENKINS, D., SMITH, M., HALSON, S., and KELLY, V. (2019) The application of mental fatigue research to elite team-sport performance: New perspectives. J. Sci. Med. Sport, 22(6), pp. 723–728.

CALLEJA-GONZÁLEZ, J. (2018) Brief ideas about evidence-based recovery in team sports. J. Exerc. Rehabil., 14(4), pp. 545–550.

CALLEJA-GONZÁLEZ, J. (2019) Evidence-based post-exercise recovery strategies in rugby: a narrative review. Phys. Sportsmed., 47(2), pp. 137–147.

PICKERING, C., and KIELY, J. (2019) The development of a personalized training framework: Implementation of emerging technologies for performance. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol., 4(2).

SAW, A.E., MAIN, L.C., and GASTIN, P.B. (2016) Monitoring the athlete training response: subjective self-reported measures trump commonly used objective measures: A systematic review. Br. J. Sports Med., 50(5), pp. 281–291.

STEINACKER, J. (2020) “World Rowing Covid-19 Pandemic Return to Training Advice for post-peak and post-pandemic periods. World Rowing, May, pp. 1–9.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.