Lessons learnt from emergency medicine services during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study of India and the United States

Highlights

• India and the US have both witnessed a high number of COVID-19 cases since the dawn of the pandemic.

• The South East Asian country as compared to the US applied different emergency handling protocols during the different waves.

• With this review, we synthesize protocols and data concerning emergency responses across India and the US.

• We identify that the triage and care of suspected patients is reliant on the oxygenation, vaccination, and other supplies.

• This study presents a succinct overview of the critical contributors to the prevention and care of suspected and confirmed COVID-19 patients.

Abstract

India and the United States have both witnessed a high burden of COVID-19 infections since the pandemic was declared in early 2020. However, the COVID-19 restrictions have met with mixed responses in India and the US. Despite recommendations to continue social isolation and personal hygiene measures, India has not been able to curb the rise in daily cases. Our findings demonstrate the difference in the manner by which India and the US differ in their emergency handling of patients. We conducted a thorough review of the existing protocols and data concerning emergency responses in India and the US. The triage and care of suspected COVID-19 positive patients is different across India and the US. We find that there is a shortage of oxygenation, vaccination and other essential supplies in India. Further, the US is able to triage patients through telemedicine and EMS before suspected COVID-19 patients arrive, which is less prevalent in India. Our study identifies the importance of the emergency department (ED) as a critical contributor to the prevention and care of suspected and confirmed COVID-19 patients. Hospitals in India have been struggling to accommodate a huge influx of patients during its second wave with the ED playing a key link in their COVID-19 response.