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Evaluation of Deltoid Exercises on Injection Site and Arm Pain after BNT162b2 COVID–19 Vaccination, a Randomized Controlled Study

8 Pages Posted: 21 Apr 2022 Publication Status: Preprint

See all articles by Zülfi Engindeniz

Zülfi Engindeniz

Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital

Fatma Tuba Engindeniz

Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital

Aksel Ozdemir

Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of deltoid muscle exercises on injection site and/or arm pain (ISAP) observed after vaccination with BNT162b2.

Methods: 264 patients were randomized into exercise (intervention, n=124) vs. no-exercise (control, n=140) groups. The exercise group performed 3 different deltoid exercises, 3 times daily for five days. Both groups recorded a pain diary using an 11 point (0 - 10) numeric rating scale. Time of total cessation of ISAP, any use of analgesics, any systemic or local reactions were also recorded.

Results: The time of total cessation of ISAP was 60,96 ±18,46 hours for the exercise group and 85,54 ± 19,35 hours for the control group and the difference among groups was found to be statistically significant (p<0.001). The mean daily pain scores of the exercise group were significantly lower than that of the control group at 24, 48,72, 96, and 120 hours (p<0.001). In the exercise group, 44 (35.5%), In the control group, 70 volunteers (50%) reported that they took analgesics. The total number of patients taking analgesics, total time of analgesic use was significantly lower in the exercise group (p=0.017 and p=0,018 respectively)

Conclusion: Deltoid exercises significantly reduced the total time of ISAP, decreased the pain experienced during the aftermath of vaccination, decreased analgesic need, and delayed the time of first analgesic use. Deltoid exercises may be utilized as a useful adjunct with BNT162b2 vaccination.

Funding Information: Our study was funded by the researchers and no grants or external financial support was used.

Conflict of Interests: The authors do not have any conflict of interest to declare.

Ethical Approval: Approvals were obtained from the ...... Ministry of Health and institutional review board and ethics committee (study ID: 2021-KAEK- 25 2021/08-21) and the study was conducted in concordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov registration ID is NCT05157230.

Keywords: Exercise, vaccination, COVID-19 Vaccines. BNT162b2, pain, pain control

Suggested Citation

Engindeniz, Zülfi and Engindeniz, Fatma Tuba and Ozdemir, Aksel, Evaluation of Deltoid Exercises on Injection Site and Arm Pain after BNT162b2 COVID–19 Vaccination, a Randomized Controlled Study. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4089069 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4089069

Zülfi Engindeniz (Contact Author)

Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital ( email )

Fatma Tuba Engindeniz

Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital ( email )

Aksel Ozdemir

Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital ( email )

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