Elsevier

Analytica Chimica Acta

Volume 1234, 22 November 2022, 340522
Analytica Chimica Acta

Rapid determination of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid proteins based on 2D/2D MXene/P–BiOCl/Ru(bpy)32+ heterojunction composites to enhance electrochemiluminescence performance

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2022.340522Get rights and content

Highlights

  • Two-dimensional (2D) material ultrathin P–BiOCl is exploited and first applied in ECL.

  • 2D architectures MXene act as “soft substrate” to improve the properties of P–BiOCl and synergistically work with P–BiOCl.

  • MXene/P–BiOCl/Ru(bpy)32+ is an efficient signal amplifier and co-reaction accelerator in the presence of TPA as a coreactant.

  • A “signal on-off” ECL biosensor MXene/P–BiOCl/Ru(bpy)32+/GCE can specifically recognize SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein.

Abstract

At the end of 2019, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a cluster of atypical pneumonia caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been known as a highly contagious disease. Herein, we report the MXene/P–BiOCl/Ru(bpy)32+ heterojunction composite to construct an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (CoVNP) determination. Two-dimensional (2D) material ultrathin phosphorus-doped bismuth oxychloride (P–BiOCl) is exploited and first applied in ECL. 2D architectures MXene not only act as “soft substrate” to improve the properties of P–BiOCl, but also synergistically work with P–BiOCl. Owing to the inimitable set of bulk and interfacial properties, intrinsic high electrochemical conductivity, hydrophilicity and good biocompatible of 2D/2D MXene/P–BiOCl/Ru(bpy)32+, this as-exploited heterojunction composite is an efficient signal amplifier and co-reaction accelerator in the presence of tri-n-propylamine (TPA) as a coreactant. The proposed MXene/P–BiOCl/Ru(bpy)32+-TPA system exhibits a high and stable ECL signal and achieves ECL emission quenching for “signal on-off” recognition of CoVNP. Fascinatingly, the constructed ECL biosensor towards CoVNP allows a wide linear concentration range from 1 fg/mL to 10 ng/mL and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.49 fg/mL (S/N = 3). Furthermore, this presented strategy sheds light on designing a highly efficient ECL nanostructure through the combination of 2D MXene architectures with 2D semiconductor materials in the field of nanomedicine. This ECL biosensor can successfully detect CoVNP in human serum, which can promote the prosperity and development of diagnostic methods of SARS-CoV-2.

Keywords

SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein
MXene/P–BiOCl/Ru(bpy)32+
Electrochemiluminescence
“Signal on-off” ECL immunosensors
Signal amplifier and co-reaction accelerator

Data availability

The data that has been used is confidential.

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