Clinical Medicine Research

| Peer-Reviewed |

Severity-related Changes in Laboratory Results During Early Follow-up in COVID-19 Patients Treated with a Novel Cocktail of Stem Cells

Received: 11 July 2021    Accepted: 26 July 2021    Published: 02 August 2021
Views:       Downloads:

Share This Article

Abstract

Background and aims: Laboratory tests may play an important role in the follow-up of COVID-19 patients acting as indicators of risk for severity and death. This study aims to explore the significance of certain laboratory tests in the management of COVID-19 patients treated by an autologous novel stem cells cocktail plus standard care. Methods: The 69 hospitalized COVID-19 patients recruited in the experimental arm of a clinical trial [NCT04473170] were divided into moderate or severe groups as recommended by WHO. Initial and after 21 days of treatment, laboratory data were analyzed and compared for both groups. The variable association was analyzed using the symmetric Spearman correlation matrix. Multiple linear regression was used for biomarkers most described in COVID-19 by a multivariate study and disease severity association using relative risk (RR) to laboratory variables. Results: Positive and strong associations were evidenced between parameters related to coagulation and inflammation markers. We found the strongest positive relationship between the LDH enzyme and IL-6 (r=0.81), followed by D-dimer (r=0.70). The multivariate study showed a strong influence of D-dimer, IL-6, IgG, and ceruloplasmin on the increased LDH level, with a greater influence of the last (R=0.71, p<0.0001). RR showed a statistically significant and positive association with COVID-19 severity for WBC (RR=45.2); neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (RR=3.8); IL-6 (RR=1.6); lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR) (RR=1.5); and RR=1.3 for platelets/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), ferritin, and LDH. Conclusions: Risk assessment of severity using this laboratory variable is important.

DOI 10.11648/j.cmr.20211004.15
Published in Clinical Medicine Research (Volume 10, Issue 4, July 2021)
Page(s) 133-141
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Clinical Decision-Making, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Prognosis, IL-6, LDH

References
[1] Lu, R., Zhao, X., Li, J., Niu, P., Yang, B., Wu, H., Wang, W., Song, H., Huang, B., Zhu, N., Bi, Y., Ma, X., Zhan, F., Wang, L., Hu, T., Zhou, H., Hu, Z., Zhou, W., Zhao, L., Chen, J., Meng, Y., Wang, J., Lin, Y., Yuan, J., Xie, Z., Ma, J., Liu, W. J., Wang, D., Xu, W., Holmes, E. C., Gao, G. F., Wu, G., Chen, W., Shi, W., Tan, W. (2020). Genomic characterization and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding, The Lancet, 395 (10224), 565–574.
[2] World Health Organization, Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Situation, WHO (June 11). (2020). https:// covid19.who.int/ (accessed Jul 20, 2021).
[3] UAE Ministry of Health and Prevention (MOHAP), National Guidelines for Clinical Management and Treatment of COVID-19 April 3rd, 2020 Version 2., (2020). https://www.dhcr.gov.ae/_layouts/15/download.aspx?SourceUrl=/Documents/LawsAndRegulations/Circulars/National%20Guidelines%20for%20Clinical%20Management%20and%20Treatment%20of%20COVID-19_v2_English.pdf (accessed May 17, 2021).
[4] Richardson, S., Hirsch, J. S., Narasimhan, M., Crawford, J. M., McGinn, T., Davidson, K. W., York Richardson, N., & Zucker, B. (2020). Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area, JAMA. 323, 2052–2059.
[5] World Health Organization. (2020) WHO R&D Blueprint Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 Therapeutic Trial Synopsis. February 18, 2020. Available at: https://www.who.int/blueprint/priority-diseases/key-action/COVID-19_Treatment_Trial_Design_Master_Protocol_synopsis_Final_18022020.pdf (Accessed May 17, 2021).
[6] Wu, Z., & McGoogan, J. M. (2020). Characteristics of and Important Lessons from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72314 Cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. In JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association (Vol. 323, Issue 13, pp. 1239–1242). American Medical Association.
[7] Guan, W., Ni, Z., Hu, Y., Liang, W., Ou, C., He, J., Liu, L., Shan, H., Lei, C., Hui, D. S. C., Du, B., Li, L., Zeng, G., Yuen, K.-Y., Chen, R., Tang, C., Wang, T., Chen, P., Xiang, J., Li, S., Wang, J., Liang, Z., Peng, Y., Wei, L., Liu, Y., Hu, Y., Peng, P., Wang, J., Liu, J., Chen, Z., Li, G., Zheng, Z., Qiu, S., Luo, J., Ye, C., Zhu, S., Zhong, N. (2020). Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. New England Journal of Medicine, 382 (18), 1708–1720.
[8] Zhang, J.-J., Dong, X., Yi-Yuan Cao, Yuan, Y.-D., Yang, Y.-B., Yan, Y.-Q., Cezmi, Akdis, A., Gao, Y.-D., & Dong, X. (2020). Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.14238
[9] Chen, G., Wu, D., Guo, W., Cao, Y., Huang, D., Wang, H., Wang, T., Zhang, X., Chen, H., Yu, H., Zhang, X., Zhang, M., Wu, S., Song, J., Chen, T., Han, M., Li, S., Luo, X., Zhao, J., & Ning, Q. (2020). Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 130 (5), 2620–2629.
[10] Shi, S., Qin, M., Cai, Y., Liu, T., Shen, B., Yang, F., Cao, S., Liu, X., Xiang, Y., Zhao, Q., Huang, H., Yang, B., & Huang, C. (2020). Characteristics and clinical significance of myocardial injury in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019. European heart journal, 41 (22), 2070–2079.
[11] Chen, T., Wu, D., Chen, H., Yan, W., Yang, D., Chen, G., Ma, K., Xu, D., Yu, H., Wang, H., Wang, T., Guo, W., Chen, J., Ding, C., Zhang, X., Huang, J., Han, M., Li, S., Luo, X., Zhao J, Ning, Q. (2020). Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study. BMJ; 368: m1091.
[12] Yang, X., Yu, Y., Xu, J., Shu, H., Xia, J., Liu, H., Wu, Y., Zhang, L., Yu, Z., Fang, M., Yu, T., Wang, Y., Pan, S., Zou, X., Yuan, S., & Shang, Y. (2020). Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8 (5), 475–481.
[13] Shi, Q., Zhang, X., Jiang, F., Zhang, X., Hu, N., Bimu, C., Feng, J., Yan, S., Guan, Y., Xu, D., He, G., Chen, C., Xiong, X., Liu, L., Li, H., Tao, J., Peng, Z., & Wang, W. (2020). Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Mortality of COVID-19 Patients With Diabetes in Wuhan, China: A Two-Center, Retrospective Study. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-0598
[14] Wynants, L., van Calster, B., Collins, G. S., Riley, R. D., Heinze, G., Schuit, E., Bonten, M. M. J., Damen, J. A. A., Debray, T. P. A., de Vos, M., Dhiman, P., Haller, M. C., Harhay, M. O., Henckaerts, L., Kreuzberger, N., Lohmann, A., Luijken, K., Ma, J., Andaur Navarro, C. L., Reitsma, J. B., Sergeant, J. C., Shi, C., Skoetz, N., Smits, L. J. M., Snell, K. I. E., Sperrin, M., Spijker, R., Steyerberg, E. W., Takada, T., van Kuijk, S. M. J., van Royen, F. S., Wallisch, C., Hooft, L., Moons, K. G. M., van Smeden, M. (2020) Prediction models for diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19: Systematic review and critical appraisal, The BMJ. 369. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1328.
[15] Ricci, F., Li, D., Shi, Q., Liu, L., Liang, G., Wang, F., Bai, Y., Wang, E., Zhao, S., Li, J., Zhu, Y., Zhang, Y., Cao, L., Liu, H., & Dong, Y. (2021). Implications of Laboratory Tests in Disease Grading and Death Risk Stratification of COVID-19: A Retrospective Study in Wuhan, China. Frontiers in Medicine | Www.Frontiersin.Org, 8, 629296. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.629296.
[16] Fu, J., Kong, J., Wang, W., Wu, M., Yao, L., Wang, Z., Jin, J., Wu, D., & Yu, X. (2020). The clinical implication of dynamic neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and D-dimer in COVID-19: A retrospective study in Suzhou China. Thrombosis Research, 192, 3–8.
[17] Yang, A. P., Liu, J. Ping, Tao, W. Qiang, & Li, H. Ming. (2020). The diagnostic and predictive role of NLR, d-NLR and PLR in COVID-19 patients. International Immunopharmacology, 84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106504.
[18] Liao, D., Zhou, F., Luo, L., Xu, M., Wang, H., Xia, J., Gao, Y., Cai, L., Wang, Z., Yin, P., Wang, Y., Tang, L., Deng, J., Mei, H., & Hu, Y. (2020). Haematological characteristics and risk factors in the classification and prognosis evaluation of COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study. The Lancet Haematology, 7 (9), e671–e678.
[19] Chen, R., Sang, L., Jiang, M., Yang, Z., Jia, N., Fu, W., Xie, J., Guan, W., Liang, W., Ni, Z., Hu, Y., Liu, L., Shan, H., Lei, C., Peng, Y., Wei, L., Liu, Y., Hu, Y., Peng, P., Wang, J., Liu, J., Chen, Z., Li, G., Zheng, Z., Qiu, S., Luo, J., Ye, C., Zhu, S., Zheng, J., Zhang, N., Li, Y., He, J., Li, J., Li, S., Zhong N. (2020). Longitudinal hematologic and immunologic variations associated with the progression of COVID-19 patients in China. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 146 (1), 89–100.
[20] Zhang, B., Xiaotang, Z., Yanru, Q., Song, Y., Feng, F., Feng, J., Songid, Q., Jia, Q., & Wangid, J. (2020). Clinical characteristics of 82 cases of death from COVID-19. PLoS ONE 15 (7): e0235458. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235458.
[21] Jin X, Duan Y, Bao T, Gu J, Chen Y, Li Y, Mao S, Chen Y, Xie W.(2020). The values of coagulation function in COVID-19 patients. PLoS ONE 15 (10): e0241329. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241329.
[22] Gong, J., Dong, H., Xia, Q.-S., Huang, Z.-Y., Wang, D.-K., Zhao, Y., Liu, W.-H., Tu, S.-H., Zhang, M.-M., Wang, Q., & Lu, F.-E. (2020). Correlation analysis between disease severity and inflammation-related parameters in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study. BMC Infect Dis 20, 963. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05681-5
[23] World Health Organization. (2020b, January 10). Laboratory testing of human suspected cases of novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/10665-330374 (accessed June 25, 2021).
[24] Ventura Carmenate, Y., Bencomo-Hernandez, A. A., Alkaabi F., (Inventors). Abu Dhabi Stem Cells Center (Assignee). (2020). Simplified Method For Harvesting Nonhematopoietic Enriched Stem Cells Cocktail (PB-NHESC-C) From Adult Peripheral Blood. In United Emirates Patent No. 3263. UAE Patent. Ministry of Economy.
[25] Ventura-Carmenate, Y., Alkaabi, F. M., Castillo-Aleman, Y. M, Villegas-Valverde, C. A., Ahmed, Y. M., Almarzooqi, A. A., Torres-Zambrano, G. M., Wade-Mateo, M., Quesada-Saliba, D., Hadi, L. A., Bencomo-Hernandez, A. A., & Rivero-Jimenez, R. A. (2021). Safety and Efficacy of Autologous Non-Hematopoietic Enriched Stem Cell Nebulization in COVID-19 Patients. A Randomized Clinical Trial, Abu Dhabi 2020. Abu Dhabi Stem Cells Center. Research Square In-Review Pre-print. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-558653/v1.
[26] GraphPad Software. Analise Categorical Data. (2021, May 17). https://www.graphpad.com/quickcalcs/catMenu.
[27] MedCalc Statistical Software version 20. MedCalc Software Ltd, O. B. (2021, May 17). https://www.medcalc.org.
[28] Costela-Ruiz, V. J., Illescas-Montes, R., Puerta-Puerta, J. M., Ruiz, C., & Melguizo-Rodríguez, L. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 infection: The role of cytokines in COVID-19 disease. In Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews (Vol. 54, pp. 62–75).
[29] Shi, Q., Zhao, K., Yu, J., Jiang, F., Feng, J., Zhao, K., Zhang, X., Chen, X., Hu, P., Hong, Y., Li, M., Liu, F., Chen, C., & Wang, W. (2020). Clinical characteristics of 101 COVID-19 nonsurvivors in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study. MedRxiv, 2020.03.04.20031039. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.04.20031039.
[30] Geifman, N., & Whetton, A. D. (2020). A consideration of publication-derived immune-related associations in Coronavirus and related lung damaging diseases. Journal of Translational Medicine, 18 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-020-02472-z.
[31] Xu, L., Mao, Y., & Chen, G. (2020). Risk factors for 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients progressing to critical illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging, 12 (12), 12410–12421.
[32] Spiezia, L., Boscolo, A., Poletto, F., Cerruti, L., Tiberio, I., Campello, E., Navalesi, P., & Simioni, P. (2020). COVID-19-Related Severe Hypercoagulability in Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit for Acute Respiratory Failure. Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 120 (6), 998–1000.
[33] Han, H., Yang, L., Liu, R., Liu, F., Liu, F., Wu, K. L., Li, J., Liu, X. H., & Zhu, C. L. (2020). Prominent changes in blood coagulation of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 58 (7), 1116–1120.
[34] Bloom, P. P., Meyerowitz, E. A., Reinus, Z., Daidone, M., Gustafson, J., Kim, A. Y., Schaefer, E., & Chung, R. T. (2021). Liver Biochemistries in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19. Hepatology, 73 (3), 890–900.
[35] Chen, C., Jiang, J., Xu, X., Hu, Y., Hu, Y., & Zhao, Y. (2020). Dynamic liver function indexes monitoring and clinical characteristics in three types of COVID-19 patients, MedRxiv. 2020.05.13.20099614. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.13.20099614.
[36] Gong, J., Ou, J., Qiu, X., Jie, Y., Chen, Y., Yuan, L., Cao, J., Tan, M., Xu, W., Zheng, F., Shi, Y., & Hu, B. (2020). A tool for early prediction of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A multicenter study using the risk nomogram in Wuhan and Guangdong, China. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 71 (15), 833–840.
[37] Qian, G. Q., Yang, N. B., Ding, F., Ma, A. H. Y., Wang, Z. Y., Shen, Y. F., Shi, C. W., Lian, X., Chu, J. G., Chen, L., Wang, Z. Y., Ren, D. W., Li, G. X., Chen, X. Q., Shen, H. J., & Chen, X. M. (2020). Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of 91 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang, China: A retrospective, multi-centre case series. QJM, 113 (7), 474–481.
[38] Ji, M., Yuan, L., Shen, W., Lv, J., Li, Y., Li, M., Lu, X., Hu, L., & Dong, W. (2020). Characteristics of disease progress in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. Epidemiology and infection, 148, e94.
[39] Chen, X., Zhao, B., Qu, Y., Chen, Y., Xiong, J., Feng, Y., Men, D., Huang, Q., Liu, Y., Yang, B., Ding, J., & Li, F. (2020). Detectable Serum Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Viral Load (RNAemia) Is Closely Correlated with Drastically Elevated Interleukin 6 Level in Critically Ill Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 71 (8), 1937–1942.
[40] Zhang, X., Tan, Y., Ling, Y., Lu, G., Liu, F., Yi, Z., Jia, X., Wu, M., Shi, B., Xu, S., Chen, J., Wang, W., Chen, B., Jiang, L., Yu, S., Lu, J., Wang, J., Xu, M., Yuan, Z., Zhang, Q., Zhang, X., Zhao, G., Wang, Sh., Chen, S. & Lu, H. (2020). Viral and host factors related to the clinical outcome of COVID-19. Nature, 583 (7816), 437–440.
[41] Frater, J. L., Zini, G., d'Onofrio, G., & Rogers, H. J. (2020). COVID-19 and the clinical hematology laboratory. International journal of laboratory hematology, 42 Suppl 1, 11–18.
Author Information
  • Stem Cells Processing Laboratory Department, Abu Dhabi Stem Cells Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

  • Stem Cells Processing Laboratory Department, Abu Dhabi Stem Cells Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

  • Clinical Department, Abu Dhabi Stem Cells Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

  • Stem Cells Processing Laboratory Department, Abu Dhabi Stem Cells Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

  • Stem Cells Processing Laboratory Department, Abu Dhabi Stem Cells Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

  • Clinical Department, Abu Dhabi Stem Cells Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

  • Clinical Department, Abu Dhabi Stem Cells Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

  • Stem Cells Processing Laboratory Department, Abu Dhabi Stem Cells Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

  • Stem Cells Processing Laboratory Department, Abu Dhabi Stem Cells Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Rivero-Jimenez Rene Antonio, Villegas-Valverde Carlos Agustin, Torres-Zambrano Gina Marcela, Abdelrazik Abeer, Haider Muhammad Touseef, et al. (2021). Severity-related Changes in Laboratory Results During Early Follow-up in COVID-19 Patients Treated with a Novel Cocktail of Stem Cells. Clinical Medicine Research, 10(4), 133-141. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20211004.15

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Rivero-Jimenez Rene Antonio; Villegas-Valverde Carlos Agustin; Torres-Zambrano Gina Marcela; Abdelrazik Abeer; Haider Muhammad Touseef, et al. Severity-related Changes in Laboratory Results During Early Follow-up in COVID-19 Patients Treated with a Novel Cocktail of Stem Cells. Clin. Med. Res. 2021, 10(4), 133-141. doi: 10.11648/j.cmr.20211004.15

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Rivero-Jimenez Rene Antonio, Villegas-Valverde Carlos Agustin, Torres-Zambrano Gina Marcela, Abdelrazik Abeer, Haider Muhammad Touseef, et al. Severity-related Changes in Laboratory Results During Early Follow-up in COVID-19 Patients Treated with a Novel Cocktail of Stem Cells. Clin Med Res. 2021;10(4):133-141. doi: 10.11648/j.cmr.20211004.15

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.cmr.20211004.15,
      author = {Rivero-Jimenez Rene Antonio and Villegas-Valverde Carlos Agustin and Torres-Zambrano Gina Marcela and Abdelrazik Abeer and Haider Muhammad Touseef and Castillo-Aleman Yandy Marx and Ventura-Carmenate Yendry and Abdel Hadi Loubna and Bencomo-Hernandez Antonio Alfonso},
      title = {Severity-related Changes in Laboratory Results During Early Follow-up in COVID-19 Patients Treated with a Novel Cocktail of Stem Cells},
      journal = {Clinical Medicine Research},
      volume = {10},
      number = {4},
      pages = {133-141},
      doi = {10.11648/j.cmr.20211004.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20211004.15},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cmr.20211004.15},
      abstract = {Background and aims: Laboratory tests may play an important role in the follow-up of COVID-19 patients acting as indicators of risk for severity and death. This study aims to explore the significance of certain laboratory tests in the management of COVID-19 patients treated by an autologous novel stem cells cocktail plus standard care. Methods: The 69 hospitalized COVID-19 patients recruited in the experimental arm of a clinical trial [NCT04473170] were divided into moderate or severe groups as recommended by WHO. Initial and after 21 days of treatment, laboratory data were analyzed and compared for both groups. The variable association was analyzed using the symmetric Spearman correlation matrix. Multiple linear regression was used for biomarkers most described in COVID-19 by a multivariate study and disease severity association using relative risk (RR) to laboratory variables. Results: Positive and strong associations were evidenced between parameters related to coagulation and inflammation markers. We found the strongest positive relationship between the LDH enzyme and IL-6 (r=0.81), followed by D-dimer (r=0.70). The multivariate study showed a strong influence of D-dimer, IL-6, IgG, and ceruloplasmin on the increased LDH level, with a greater influence of the last (R=0.71, pConclusions: Risk assessment of severity using this laboratory variable is important.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Severity-related Changes in Laboratory Results During Early Follow-up in COVID-19 Patients Treated with a Novel Cocktail of Stem Cells
    AU  - Rivero-Jimenez Rene Antonio
    AU  - Villegas-Valverde Carlos Agustin
    AU  - Torres-Zambrano Gina Marcela
    AU  - Abdelrazik Abeer
    AU  - Haider Muhammad Touseef
    AU  - Castillo-Aleman Yandy Marx
    AU  - Ventura-Carmenate Yendry
    AU  - Abdel Hadi Loubna
    AU  - Bencomo-Hernandez Antonio Alfonso
    Y1  - 2021/08/02
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20211004.15
    DO  - 10.11648/j.cmr.20211004.15
    T2  - Clinical Medicine Research
    JF  - Clinical Medicine Research
    JO  - Clinical Medicine Research
    SP  - 133
    EP  - 141
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2326-9057
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20211004.15
    AB  - Background and aims: Laboratory tests may play an important role in the follow-up of COVID-19 patients acting as indicators of risk for severity and death. This study aims to explore the significance of certain laboratory tests in the management of COVID-19 patients treated by an autologous novel stem cells cocktail plus standard care. Methods: The 69 hospitalized COVID-19 patients recruited in the experimental arm of a clinical trial [NCT04473170] were divided into moderate or severe groups as recommended by WHO. Initial and after 21 days of treatment, laboratory data were analyzed and compared for both groups. The variable association was analyzed using the symmetric Spearman correlation matrix. Multiple linear regression was used for biomarkers most described in COVID-19 by a multivariate study and disease severity association using relative risk (RR) to laboratory variables. Results: Positive and strong associations were evidenced between parameters related to coagulation and inflammation markers. We found the strongest positive relationship between the LDH enzyme and IL-6 (r=0.81), followed by D-dimer (r=0.70). The multivariate study showed a strong influence of D-dimer, IL-6, IgG, and ceruloplasmin on the increased LDH level, with a greater influence of the last (R=0.71, pConclusions: Risk assessment of severity using this laboratory variable is important.
    VL  - 10
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

  • Sections