Correlates of Changes in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors during the COVID-19 Lockdown in France: The NutriNet-Santé Cohort Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population: The NutriNet-Santé Cohort
2.2. Data Collection during the COVID-19 Lockdown
2.2.1. Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors
2.2.2. Covariates
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Perceived Changes in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior
3.2. Main Reasons for Change in Physical Activity
3.3. Changes in Different Types of Physical Activity
3.4. Characteristics of Participants According to Physical Activity Changes
4. Discussion
5. Strengths and Limitations
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ANCOVA | ANalysis of COVAriance |
BMI | Body Mass Index |
CNIL | Commission Nationale de l’Informatique et des Libertés |
GAD-7 | Generalized Anxiety Disorder–7 scale |
IPAQ | International Physical Activity Questionnaire |
COVID-19 | Coronavirus disease 2019 |
PA | Physical Activity |
PHQ-9 | Patient Health Questionnaire–9 scale |
SARS-CoV-2 | Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 |
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Women (n = 17,364, 73.7%) | Men (n = 6194, 26.3%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | |
Age (years) | ||||
18–35 | 1661 | 9.6 | 274 | 4.4 |
36–50 | 4063 | 23.4 | 921 | 14.9 |
51–65 | 6506 | 37.5 | 1849 | 29.9 |
>65 | 5134 | 29.6 | 3150 | 50.9 |
Educational level | ||||
<High-school degree | 2479 | 14.3 | 1346 | 21.7 |
High-school degree | 2268 | 13.1 | 684 | 11.0 |
Undergraduate degree | 5746 | 33.1 | 1608 | 26.0 |
Graduate degree | 6701 | 38.6 | 2504 | 40.4 |
Unknown | 170 | 1.0 | 52 | 0.8 |
Monthly income (€ per household) | ||||
<1430 | 1059 | 6.1 | 211 | 3.4 |
1430–2700 | 4047 | 23.3 | 1173 | 18.9 |
2700–4800 | 6255 | 36.0 | 2745 | 44.3 |
≥4800 | 3165 | 18.2 | 1471 | 23.7 |
Unknown | 498 | 2.9 | 73 | 1.2 |
Did not wish to answer | 2340 | 13.5 | 521 | 8.4 |
Reside with partner during the lockdown | ||||
Yes | 11,908 | 68.6 | 4882 | 78.8 |
No | 1431 | 8.2 | 238 | 3.8 |
No partner | 4025 | 23.2 | 1074 | 17.3 |
Children or grandchildren at home during the lockdown [yes] | 3744 | 21.6 | 917 | 14.8 |
Professional activity changes during lockdown | ||||
No professional activity (unemployed, retired, homemaker, maternity leave) or no professional activity during the last seven days (short-term leave). | 10,764 | 62.0 | 4422 | 71.4 |
No change | 1807 | 10.4 | 442 | 7.1 |
Yes, change (working from home, new job) | 4410 | 25.4 | 1262 | 20.4 |
Other | 383 | 2.2 | 68 | 1.1 |
Essential providers or workers during lockdown | ||||
Yes | 2565 | 14.8 | 517 | 8.3 |
No | 14,040 | 80.9 | 5498 | 88.8 |
Don’t know | 759 | 4.4 | 179 | 2.9 |
Residential area during the lockdown (number of inhabitants) | ||||
Urban area >100,000 | 3449 | 19.9 | 1176 | 19.0 |
Urban area 20,000 to 100,000 | 3969 | 22.9 | 1330 | 21.5 |
Urban area <20,000 | 4011 | 23.1 | 1527 | 24.7 |
Rural area | 5935 | 34.2 | 2161 | 34.9 |
Smoking status | ||||
Never smoker | 16,210 | 93.4 | 5830 | 94.1 |
Occasional smoker | 289 | 1.7 | 103 | 1.7 |
Current smoker | 865 | 5.0 | 261 | 4.2 |
Current weight status | ||||
Overweight | 5424 | 31.2 | 2806 | 45.3 |
Non-overweight | 11,840 | 68.2 | 3359 | 54.2 |
Unknown | 100 | 0.6 | 29 | 0.5 |
Chronic disease | ||||
Yes | 6152 | 35.4 | 2779 | 44.9 |
No | 11,078 | 63.8 | 3366 | 54.3 |
Don’t know | 134 | 0.8 | 49 | 0.8 |
PHQ-9 (depressive symptoms) | ||||
Mild | 3872 | 22.3 | 774 | 12.5 |
Minimal | 11,884 | 68.4 | 5179 | 83.6 |
Moderate | 1064 | 6.1 | 156 | 2.5 |
Moderately severe to severe | 544 | 3.1 | 85 | 1.4 |
GAD-7 (anxiety disorders) | ||||
Mild | 3502 | 20.2 | 697 | 11.3 |
Minimal | 12,383 | 71.3 | 5284 | 85.3 |
Moderate | 949 | 5.5 | 141 | 2.3 |
Severe | 530 | 3.1 | 72 | 1.2 |
T1 | T2 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Women | Men | Women | Men | |||||
(n = 17,364) | (n = 6194) | (n = 17,364) | (n = 6194) | |||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Physical activity | ||||||||
Increased | 3436 | 19.8 | 867 | 14.0 | 4036 | 23.2 | 1134 | 18.3 |
Decreased | 10,077 | 58.0 | 3413 | 55.1 | 9794 | 56.4 | 3255 | 52.6 |
Unchanged | 3851 | 22.2 | 1914 | 30.9 | 3326 | 19.2 | 1770 | 28.6 |
Don’t know | 208 | 1.2 | 35 | 0.6 | ||||
Sitting time | ||||||||
Increased | 11,485 | 66.1 | 3755 | 60.6 | 6531 | 37.6 | 2381 | 38.4 |
Decreased | 854 | 4.9 | 201 | 3.2 | 1248 | 7.2 | 275 | 4.4 |
Unchanged | 4384 | 25.2 | 2069 | 33.4 | 8654 | 49.8 | 3299 | 53.3 |
Don’t know | 590 | 3.4 | 143 | 2.3 | 842 | 4.8 | 210 | 3.4 |
Missing | 51 | 0.3 | 26 | 0.4 | 89 | 0.5 | 29 | 0.5 |
(a) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Decrease Category (n = 9090, 53.3%) | Increase Category (n = 3519, 20.3%) | Stable Category (n = 2140, 15.3%) | Other Category (n = 2651, 12.1%) | |||||||||
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |||||
Age (years) | ||||||||||||
18–35 | 0.91 | 0.80 | 1.03 | 1.07 | 0.93 | 1.24 | 1.12 | 0.94 | 1.35 | 0.96 | 0.82 | 1.14 |
36–50 | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | ||||
51–65 | 1.48 | 1.33 | 1.63 | 0.72 | 0.64 | 0.81 | 0.94 | 0.81 | 1.09 | 0.79 | 0.69 | 0.92 |
>65 | 2.08 | 1.85 | 2.35 | 0.47 | 0.40 | 0.54 | 0.97 | 0.82 | 1.15 | 0.60 | 0.50 | 0.72 |
Educational level | ||||||||||||
<High-school degree | 1.08 | 0.96 | 1.22 | 0.89 | 0.76 | 1.04 | 1.03 | 0.88 | 1.20 | 0.87 | 0.71 | 1.07 |
High-school degree | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | ||||
Undergraduate degree | 0.95 | 0.85 | 1.05 | 1.08 | 0.95 | 1.23 | 0.96 | 0.83 | 1.10 | 1.09 | 0.93 | 1.28 |
Graduate degree | 1.00 | 0.90 | 1.11 | 0.97 | 0.85 | 1.11 | 0.87 | 0.75 | 1.01 | 1.24 | 1.05 | 1.46 |
Unknown | 0.96 | 0.67 | 1.36 | 1.00 | 0.65 | 1.55 | 0.87 | 0.53 | 1.41 | 1.30 | 0.77 | 2.21 |
Monthly income (€ per household) | ||||||||||||
<1430 | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | ||||
1430 to 2700 | 1.16 | 1.00 | 1.34 | 0.98 | 0.81 | 1.17 | 0.78 | 0.64 | 0.94 | 0.97 | 0.78 | 1.22 |
2700 to 4800 | 1.10 | 0.95 | 1.27 | 1.11 | 0.92 | 1.33 | 0.65 | 0.53 | 0.80 | 1.12 | 0.89 | 1.40 |
≥4800 | 1.00 | 0.85 | 1.18 | 1.11 | 0.90 | 1.35 | 0.67 | 0.54 | 0.84 | 1.31 | 1.03 | 1.68 |
Unknown | 0.88 | 0.70 | 1.12 | 1.18 | 0.89 | 1.56 | 0.79 | 0.57 | 1.08 | 1.31 | 0.93 | 1.83 |
Did not wish to answer | 1.11 | 0.94 | 1.30 | 0.98 | 0.80 | 1.20 | 0.83 | 0.67 | 1.03 | 0.97 | 0.76 | 1.25 |
Reside with partner during the lockdown | ||||||||||||
Yes | 1.10 | 0.97 | 1.24 | 0.80 | 0.69 | 0.92 | 1.13 | 0.94 | 1.35 | 1.00 | 0.84 | 1.19 |
No | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | ||||
No partner | 1.12 | 0.98 | 1.28 | 0.84 | 0.72 | 0.98 | 0.94 | 0.77 | 1.15 | 1.07 | 0.88 | 1.30 |
Children or grandchildren at home during the lockdown | ||||||||||||
Yes | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | ||||
No | 0.83 | 0.75 | 0.91 | 1.25 | 1.12 | 1.41 | 0.93 | 0.81 | 1.08 | 1.11 | 0.97 | 1.28 |
Professional activity changes during the lockdown | ||||||||||||
No professional activity (unemployed, retired, homemaker, maternity leave) or no professional activity during the last seven days (short-term leave). | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | ||||
No change | 1.17 | 1.01 | 1.36 | 0.74 | 0.62 | 0.89 | 1.25 | 1.03 | 1.54 | 0.75 | 0.60 | 0.93 |
Yes, change (working from home, new job) | 0.91 | 0.82 | 1.00 | 1.15 | 1.03 | 1.29 | 0.89 | 0.76 | 1.03 | 1.04 | 0.90 | 1.19 |
Other | 0.93 | 0.74 | 1.17 | 0.94 | 0.71 | 1.24 | 1.29 | 0.95 | 1.76 | 0.96 | 0.69 | 1.34 |
Essential providers or workers during lockdown | ||||||||||||
Yes | 1.11 | 0.98 | 1.25 | 0.80 | 0.69 | 0.92 | 1.16 | 0.97 | 1.38 | 0.96 | 0.81 | 1.14 |
No | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | ||||
Don’t know | 1.07 | 0.91 | 1.26 | 0.94 | 0.78 | 1.14 | 0.92 | 0.70 | 1.20 | 1.01 | 0.81 | 1.27 |
Residential area during the lockdown (number of inhabitants) | ||||||||||||
Urban area >100.000 | 1.30 | 1.19 | 1.43 | 0.77 | 0.69 | 0.87 | 0.67 | 0.59 | 0.77 | 1.25 | 1.10 | 1.43 |
Urban area ≥20.000 to 100.000 | 1.32 | 1.21 | 1.44 | 0.83 | 0.75 | 0.93 | 0.68 | 0.60 | 0.77 | 1.12 | 0.99 | 1.28 |
Urban area <20.000 | 1.21 | 1.12 | 1.32 | 0.86 | 0.78 | 0.96 | 0.80 | 0.71 | 0.90 | 1.12 | 0.99 | 1.28 |
Rural area | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | ||||
Smoking status | ||||||||||||
Never smoker | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | ||||
Occasionally smoker | 0.98 | 0.77 | 1.25 | 1.14 | 0.86 | 1.51 | 1.29 | 0.92 | 1.80 | 0.62 | 0.42 | 0.93 |
Current smoker | 1.10 | 0.95 | 1.27 | 0.83 | 0.69 | 0.99 | 1.54 | 1.28 | 1.87 | 0.61 | 0.48 | 0.78 |
Current weight status | ||||||||||||
Overweight | 0.99 | 0.92 | 1.06 | 0.93 | 0.85 | 1.02 | 1.16 | 1.06 | 1.28 | 0.95 | 0.86 | 1.06 |
Non-overweight | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | ||||
Unknown | 1.08 | 0.69 | 1.70 | 1.10 | 0.65 | 1.87 | 0.85 | 0.43 | 1.68 | 0.79 | 0.40 | 1.57 |
Chronic disease | ||||||||||||
Yes | 1.02 | 0.95 | 1.09 | 0.93 | 0.86 | 1.02 | 1.05 | 0.96 | 1.16 | 1.01 | 0.92 | 1.12 |
No | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | ||||
Don’t know | 0.83 | 0.58 | 1.19 | 1.43 | 0.95 | 2.16 | 1.39 | 0.87 | 2.22 | 0.51 | 0.26 | 1.01 |
PHQ-9 (depressive symptoms) | ||||||||||||
Mild | 1.08 | 0.99 | 1.17 | 0.86 | 0.77 | 0.95 | 0.86 | 0.75 | 0.97 | 1.22 | 1.08 | 1.38 |
Minimal | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | ||||
Moderate | 1.11 | 0.96 | 1.30 | 0.82 | 0.68 | 0.99 | 0.91 | 0.72 | 1.15 | 1.14 | 0.93 | 1.41 |
Moderately severe to severe | 1.43 | 1.14 | 1.79 | 0.65 | 0.48 | 0.88 | 0.68 | 0.47 | 0.96 | 1.16 | 0.85 | 1.58 |
GAD-7 (anxiety disorders) | ||||||||||||
Mild | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | ||||
Minimal | 0.97 | 0.89 | 1.06 | 1.01 | 0.91 | 1.12 | 1.02 | 0.90 | 1.16 | 1.02 | 0.90 | 1.15 |
Moderate | 0.99 | 0.85 | 1.16 | 0.99 | 0.81 | 1.20 | 1.06 | 0.84 | 1.34 | 0.98 | 0.78 | 1.22 |
Severe | 1.03 | 0.82 | 1.28 | 0.71 | 0.52 | 0.97 | 1.37 | 0.99 | 1.88 | 1.06 | 0.78 | 1.43 |
Sedentary time change | ||||||||||||
Decrease | 0.75 | 0.64 | 0.89 | 2.23 | 1.90 | 2.62 | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.29 | 1.47 | 1.16 | 1.86 |
Increase | 2.47 | 2.29 | 2.67 | 0.65 | 0.59 | 0.71 | 0.44 | 0.35 | 0.54 | 1.77 | 1.55 | 2.01 |
No change | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref | ||||
Don’t know | 1.03 | 0.86 | 1.24 | 1.52 | 1.25 | 1.84 | 0.52 | 0.42 | 0.65 | 1.52 | 1.15 | 2.01 |
Missing data | 2.87 | 1.61 | 5.13 | 0.69 | 0.33 | 1.44 | 0.43 | 0.20 | 0.94 | 0.48 | 0.12 | 1.99 |
(b) | ||||||||||||
Decrease Category (n = 3336, 53.9%) | Increase Category (n = 983, 15.9%) | Stable Category (n = 1395, 22.5%) | Other Category (n = 480, 7.7%) | |||||||||
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |||||
Age (years) | ||||||||||||
18–35 | 0.72 | 0.53 | 0.97 | 1.09 | 0.76 | 1.57 | 1.36 | 0.88 | 2.1 | 1.19 | 0.8 | 1.75 |
36–50 | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | ||||
51–65 | 1.21 | 1 | 1.48 | 0.9 | 0.71 | 1.15 | 1.23 | 0.93 | 1.63 | 0.64 | 0.48 | 0.87 |
>65 | 1.49 | 1.19 | 1.87 | 0.61 | 0.46 | 0.82 | 1.35 | 0.99 | 1.85 | 0.5 | 0.34 | 0.72 |
Educational level | ||||||||||||
<High-school degree | 0.94 | 0.77 | 1.14 | 0.94 | 0.71 | 1.24 | 1.43 | 1.13 | 1.81 | 0.45 | 0.3 | 0.68 |
High-school degree | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | ||||
Undergraduate degree | 0.98 | 0.81 | 1.19 | 1.04 | 0.8 | 1.35 | 1.13 | 0.89 | 1.44 | 0.77 | 0.56 | 1.08 |
Graduate degree | 0.92 | 0.76 | 1.11 | 1.05 | 0.81 | 1.35 | 1.2 | 0.94 | 1.52 | 0.86 | 0.63 | 1.19 |
Unknown | 1.16 | 0.6 | 2.24 | 0.56 | 0.2 | 1.59 | 1.54 | 0.72 | 3.32 | 0.78 | 0.23 | 2.64 |
Monthly income (€ per household) | ||||||||||||
<1430 | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | ||||
1430 to 2700 | 1.01 | 0.73 | 1.38 | 1.06 | 0.68 | 1.65 | 0.79 | 0.54 | 1.16 | 1.38 | 0.75 | 2.54 |
2700 to 4800 | 1.06 | 0.77 | 1.45 | 1.03 | 0.67 | 1.6 | 0.73 | 0.5 | 1.07 | 1.58 | 0.86 | 2.88 |
>=4800 | 0.89 | 0.64 | 1.25 | 1.49 | 0.94 | 2.35 | 0.63 | 0.42 | 0.95 | 1.57 | 0.84 | 2.95 |
Unknown | 0.91 | 0.5 | 1.66 | 1.88 | 0.9 | 3.9 | 0.75 | 0.36 | 1.58 | 0.58 | 0.16 | 2.1 |
Did not wish to answer | 1.09 | 0.76 | 1.55 | 0.88 | 0.54 | 1.45 | 0.8 | 0.52 | 1.22 | 1.5 | 0.76 | 2.96 |
Reside with partner during the lockdown | ||||||||||||
Yes | 0.9 | 0.67 | 1.2 | 0.97 | 0.67 | 1.41 | 1.28 | 0.84 | 1.95 | 1 | 0.63 | 1.56 |
No | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | ||||
No partner | 0.83 | 0.61 | 1.13 | 0.87 | 0.59 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.03 | 2.47 | 0.95 | 0.59 | 1.54 |
Children or grandchildren at home during the lockdown | ||||||||||||
Yes | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | Ref | 1 | Ref | |||||
No | 0.92 | 0.77 | 1.11 | 0.98 | 0.78 | 1.24 | 1.07 | 0.83 | 1.38 | 1.12 | 0.84 | 1.51 |
Professional activity changes during the lockdown | ||||||||||||
No professional activity (unemployed, retired, homemaker, maternity leave) or no professional activity during the last seven days (short-term leave). | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | Ref | 1 | Ref | |||||
No change | 1.1 | 0.83 | 1.45 | 0.64 | 0.44 | 0.93 | 1.15 | 0.81 | 1.65 | 1.09 | 0.7 | 1.71 |
Yes. change (working from home. new job) | 1.08 | 0.89 | 1.31 | 0.94 | 0.74 | 1.19 | 0.87 | 0.66 | 1.14 | 0.95 | 0.71 | 1.29 |
Other | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0.63 | 2.3 | 1.21 | 0.61 | 2.4 | 1.29 | 0.56 | 2.95 |
Essential providers or workers during lockdown | ||||||||||||
Yes | 1.02 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 2.65 | 1.92 | 3.64 | 1.25 | 0.9 | 1.72 | 0.87 | 0.59 | 1.28 |
No | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | Ref | 1 | Ref | |||||
Don’t know | 1.05 | 0.75 | 1.47 | 0.86 | 0.55 | 1.33 | 1.68 | 1.08 | 2.62 | 0.62 | 0.34 | 1.11 |
Residential area during the lockdown (number of inhabitants) | ||||||||||||
Urban area >100.000 | 1.58 | 1.34 | 1.85 | 0.84 | 0.68 | 1.03 | 0.55 | 0.44 | 0.68 | 1.21 | 0.91 | 1.61 |
Urban area >=20.000 to 100.000 | 1.55 | 1.33 | 1.79 | 0.74 | 0.6 | 0.91 | 0.64 | 0.53 | 0.77 | 1.22 | 0.92 | 1.61 |
Urban area <20.000 | 1.31 | 1.14 | 1.51 | 0.94 | 0.78 | 1.13 | 0.68 | 0.58 | 0.8 | 1.25 | 0.96 | 1.64 |
Rural area | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | Ref | 1 | Ref | |||||
Smoking status | ||||||||||||
Never smoker | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | ||||
Occasionally smoker | 1.16 | 0.76 | 1.76 | 0.9 | 0.53 | 1.53 | 1.03 | 0.61 | 1.75 | 0.76 | 0.36 | 1.6 |
Current smoker | 0.84 | 0.65 | 1.1 | 1.01 | 0.72 | 1.43 | 1.46 | 1.07 | 1.99 | 0.68 | 0.4 | 1.16 |
Current weight status | ||||||||||||
Normal | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | ||||
Overweight | 0.91 | 0.81 | 1.01 | 1.07 | 0.92 | 1.25 | 1.18 | 1.03 | 1.35 | 0.91 | 0.38 | 2.2 |
Unknown | 0.53 | 0.22 | 1.29 | 1.38 | 0.47 | 4.06 | 1.32 | 0.48 | 3.64 | 2.13 | 0.57 | 7.99 |
Chronic disease | ||||||||||||
Yes | 0.98 | 0.87 | 1.09 | 1.1 | 0.94 | 1.28 | 1.06 | 0.93 | 1.22 | 0.81 | 0.66 | 1.01 |
No | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | ||||
Don’t know | 0.84 | 0.46 | 1.54 | 1.65 | 0.78 | 3.47 | 0.85 | 0.39 | 1.82 | 1 | 0.34 | 2.88 |
PHQ-9 (depressive symptoms) | ||||||||||||
Mild | 0.95 | 0.79 | 1.14 | 0.89 | 0.7 | 1.14 | 1.02 | 0.81 | 1.3 | 1.27 | 0.95 | 1.69 |
Minimal | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | ||||
Moderate | 0.93 | 0.63 | 1.36 | 1.06 | 0.64 | 1.76 | 0.65 | 0.35 | 1.21 | 1.6 | 0.93 | 2.74 |
Moderately severe to severe | 1.2 | 0.69 | 2.1 | 0.7 | 0.31 | 1.59 | 1 | 0.47 | 2.15 | 0.91 | 0.38 | 2.2 |
GAD-7 (anxiety disorders) | ||||||||||||
Mild | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | Ref | 1 | Ref | |||||
Minimal | 0.88 | 0.73 | 1.06 | 1.02 | 0.8 | 1.31 | 1.18 | 0.92 | 1.51 | 1.05 | 0.77 | 1.43 |
Moderate | 0.81 | 0.54 | 1.21 | 1.42 | 0.86 | 2.35 | 0.98 | 0.56 | 1.73 | 1.13 | 0.6 | 2.11 |
Severe | 1.06 | 0.58 | 1.93 | 0.44 | 0.16 | 1.24 | 1.74 | 0.81 | 3.75 | 1.08 | 0.43 | 2.74 |
Sedentary time change | ||||||||||||
Decrease | 0.72 | 0.52 | 1.01 | 2.65 | 1.92 | 3.64 | 0.42 | 0.28 | 0.62 | 1.98 | 1.18 | 3.32 |
Increase | 3.1 | 2.75 | 3.49 | 0.63 | 0.53 | 0.74 | 0.24 | 0.21 | 0.28 | 2.04 | 1.57 | 2.66 |
No change | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | Ref | 1 | Ref | |||||
Don't know | 1.86 | 1.31 | 2.64 | 0.78 | 0.48 | 1.28 | 0.56 | 0.38 | 0.82 | 1.38 | 0.64 | 2.99 |
Missing data | 1.04 | 0.46 | 2.34 | 0.51 | 0.15 | 1.77 | 0.87 | 0.37 | 2.02 | / | / | / |
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Charreire, H.; Verdot, C.; Szabo de Edelenyi, F.; Deschasaux-Tanguy, M.; Srour, B.; Druesne-Pecollo, N.; Esseddik, Y.; Allès, B.; Baudry, J.; Deschamps, V.; et al. Correlates of Changes in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors during the COVID-19 Lockdown in France: The NutriNet-Santé Cohort Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12370. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912370
Charreire H, Verdot C, Szabo de Edelenyi F, Deschasaux-Tanguy M, Srour B, Druesne-Pecollo N, Esseddik Y, Allès B, Baudry J, Deschamps V, et al. Correlates of Changes in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors during the COVID-19 Lockdown in France: The NutriNet-Santé Cohort Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):12370. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912370
Chicago/Turabian StyleCharreire, Hélène, Charlotte Verdot, Fabien Szabo de Edelenyi, Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy, Bernard Srour, Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo, Younes Esseddik, Benjamin Allès, Julia Baudry, Valérie Deschamps, and et al. 2022. "Correlates of Changes in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors during the COVID-19 Lockdown in France: The NutriNet-Santé Cohort Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 12370. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912370