Evaluación del desgaste laboral (burnout) y ansiedad en personal de salud burante la pandemia por Covid-19

 

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Resumen

Objetivo La pandemia por Covid-19 ha tenido consecuencias en la sanidad mental del personal de salud, una población vulnerable que se encuentra en la primera línea de atención contra el virus. Los horarios de trabajo, así como el miedo de contagiarse y contagiar a la familia, generan niveles elevados de ansiedad y desgaste laboral. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la presencia de desgaste laboral y ansiedad en el personal de salud durante la pandemia de Covid-19.

Métodos Se aplicaron prospectivamente el Maslach Burnout Inventory y la escala de ansiedad de Hamilton de manera electrónica a 566 trabajadores de salud en Colombia durante marzo y abril del 2020. Adicionalmente, se evaluaron la edad, el nivel educativo, el estado civil, la ocupación, la fuente de ingresos, el tipo de contratación, el número de empleos, y las horas de trabajo del personal anteriormente mencionado.

Resultados En total, se evaluaron 566 profesionales de la salud, de los cuales 60,8% eran mujeres, y el 39.2%, hombres. La muestra comprendía 85,3% de médicos, 9,2% de enfermeros, y el 5.5% restante correspondió a personal administrativo, odontólogos y paramédicos. De estos, 19,3% tenía 3 o más empleos. En términos de desgaste laboral, se evidenciaron altos niveles de agotamiento emocional y despersonalización, con bajos niveles de realización personal. Adicionalmente, se evidenció ansiedad leve.

Conclusiones Unas de las consecuencias más importantes de la pandemia por Covid-19 son los efectos a nivel de desgaste laboral y ansiedad en el personal de salud. Dados nuestros resultados, es esencial resaltar la importancia de un acompañamiento psicológico al personal de salud en tiempos de miedo e incertidumbre.

Abstract

Objective The Covid-19 pandemic has had consequences on the mental health of health personnel, a vulnerable population that is on the front lines of attention. Long working hours, as well as the fear of getting sick and transmitting the virus to their families, generate high levels of anxiety and burnout. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the presence of burnout and anxiety in health personnel during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Methods The Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Hamilton anxiety scale were distributed electronically and prospectively to 566 health workers in Colombia from March to April 2020. Additionally, age, level of schooling, marital status, occupation, source of income, type of contract, and the number of jobs and working hours were evaluated.

Results A total of 566 health professionals were evaluated, 60.8% of whom were women, and 39.2% of whom were men. The sample was composed of 85.3% of doctors, 9.2% of nurses, and the other 5.5% corresponded to administrative staff, dentists, and paramedics.

Of the aforementioned, 19.3% had 3 or more jobs. The survey reported high levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, with low levels of personal fulfillment. Additionally, mild anxiety was evident.

Conclusions One of the most important consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic is the effects of burnout and anxiety in health personnel. Given our results, it is essential to highlight the importance of psychological support for health personnel in these times of fear and uncertainty.

Responsabilidades Éticas

Protección de Personas y Animales. Los autores declaran que, para esta investigación, no se han realizado experimentos en seres humanos ni en animales.

Confidencialidad de los datos. Los autores declaran que han seguido los protocolos de su centro de trabajo sobre la publicación de datos de pacientes.

Derecho a la privacidad y consentimiento informado. Los autores declaran que en este artículo no aparecen datos de pacientes.

Este estudio cumple con la Declaración de Helsinski, desarrollada en 1964 y actualizada en 2013.

Se trata de un estudio sin riesgo de acuerdo a la resolución 8.430 de 1993, dado que no hay intervención o modificación en variables biológicas, psicológicas, fisiológicas o sociales en los individuos que participaron en el estudio.

Publication History

Received: 20 December 2020

Accepted: 16 July 2021

Article published online:
31 March 2022

© 2022. Sociedad Colombiana de Urología. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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