Vastyanov R. S., Kozishkurt O. V., Golubyatnikov M. I., Kamarali A. O.

POSSIBLE PATHOGENETIC APPROACHES TO THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISEASE COVID-19 CAUSED BY CORONAVIRUS SARS-COV-2


About the author:

Vastyanov R. S., Kozishkurt O. V., Golubyatnikov M. I., Kamarali A. O.

Heading:

LITERATURE REVIEWS

Type of article:

Scentific article

Annotation:

Abstract. The purpose of the study: аnalytical study of the possibility of using herbal preparations as a means of etiotropic and pathogenetic correction of acute respiratory disease COVID-19 caused by coronavirus SARS-COV-2. Materials and methods: materials became information resources of the Internet (Pubmed, e-library), research method – descriptive-analytical. Results and discussion. The article provides information on the etiology, epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus infection according to the study of epidemic outbreaks registered in 2002, 2004 and 2019-2020. Known anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects of Astragalus mongholicus polysaccharides have been studied in chicken embryo kidney cells infected with avian infectious bronchitis virus PhCov, which belongs to the third group of coronaviruses. Pathogen titers probably decreased when treated at a dose of 30 μg / ml. The potential antiviral effect has been proven in the treatment of birds: the etiotropic effect was accompanied by inhibition of virus replication, pathogenetic – a decrease in mRNA levels, cytokines: IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α. Polysaccharides of shoots of Solanum tuberosum in the form of an injectable form of the drug (Panavir) have antiviral, immunomodulatory activity, increase non-specific resistance of the body to various infections, promoting the induction of leukocytes interferons ά and γ. The use of panavir in the complex therapy of acute respiratory diseases and influenza, led to a probable reduction in the severity and duration of catarrhal phenomena, intoxication in comparison with the control group, which was treated without the drug. There was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the expression of IL-8, TNF-α in patients receiving panavir parenterally, compared with baseline. The antiviral effect of polysaccharides of Solanum tuberosum shoots on the course of infectious peritonitis in cats caused by FCoV – Felinae Coronavirus has been established. The use of the drug in coronavirus-positive cats is accompanied by a significant decrease in antibody titers to coronavirus in most of the studied animals. The possibility of using herbal preparations to reduce the severity of acute respiratory disease COVID-19 caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 by correcting the pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease and antiviral action is shown. Conclusions. Due to the known mechanisms of pathogenesis of acute respiratory disease COVID-19, in particular, the production by immunocompetent cells of high levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1b, IL-8, TFN-ά) and proven inhibitory effect of plant polysaccharides Astragalus mongholicus and Solanum tuberosum (pananavir) level, these drugs can be considered as those that can potentially reduce the severity of the disease and prevent its consequences due to the existing complex action: anti-inflammatory, antiviral and immunomodulatory

Tags:

acute respiratory disease COVID-19, pathogenetic approaches to treatment.

Bibliography:

  1. L’vov DK. Meditsinskaya virusologiya. Moskva: OOO «Meditsinskoye informatsionnoye agenstvo». 2008. 656 s. [in Russian].
  2. Gorbalenya AE, Baker SC, Baric RS, De Groot RJ, Drosten C, Gulyaeva AA, et al. Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. The species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nat. Microbiology. 2020;5:536-544.
  3. Jaimes JA, Millet JK, Stout AE, Andre NM, Whittaker GR. A tale of two viruses: the distinct spike glycoproteins of feline coronaviruses. Viruses. 2020 Jan;12(1):83. doi: 10.3390/v12010083.
  4. Dzyublyk IV, Obertyns’ka OV. Koronavirusy lyudyny ta zakhvoryuvannya orhaniv dykhannya. Zdorov’ya suspil’stva. 2015;4:39-47. [in Ukrainian].
  5. Center for disease control and prevention [Internet]. 2020 [updated 2020 Mar 3]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019- ncov/index. html.
  6. Ren S, Wang WB, Hao YaG, Zhang HR, Wang ZC, Che YeLn, et al. Stability and infectivity of coronaviruses in inanimate environments. World J Clin Cases. 2020;8(8):1391-1399. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i8.1391.
  7. Warnes SL, Little ZR, Keevil CW. Human Coronavirus 229E Remains Infectious on Common Touch Surface Materials. mBio. 2015;6(6):e01697-15. doi: 10.1128/mBio.01697-15.
  8. Sampathkumar P, Temesgen, Z, Smith T, Thompson R. SARS: Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Management, and Infection Control Measures. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2003;78(7):882-890.
  9. Kannan S, Shaik Syed AP, Sheeza A, Hemalatha K. COVID-19 (Novel Coronavirus 2019). Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020;24(4):2006- 2011.
  10. Vellingir B, Jayaramayya K, Iyer M, Narayanasamy A, Govindasamy V, Giridharan B, et al. COVID-19: A promising cure for the global panic. Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jul 10;725:138277. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020. 138277.
  11. Hajjar LA, Costa IBSDS, Rizk SI, Biselli B, Gomes BR, Bittar CS, еt al. Intensive care management of patients with COVID-19: a practical approach. Annals of Intensive Care. 2021 Feb 18;11(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s 13613-021-00820-w.
  12. Holubovs’ka OA. Postkovidnyy syndrom: patohenez ta osnovni napryamy reabilitatsiyi. Medychna hazeta «Zdorov’ya Ukrayiny 21 storichchya» 2021;3:496.
  13. Wan Y, Shang J, Graham R, Baric RS, Li F. Receptor recognition by novel coronavirus from Wuhan: an analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS. J. Virol. 2020 Mar 17;94(7):e00127-20. doi: 10.1128/ JVI.00127-20.
  14. Zeng Q, Langereis M, van Vliet A, Huizinga E, de Groot R. Structure of coronavirus hemagglutinin-esterase offers insight into corona and influenza virus evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2008;105(26):9065-9069.
  15. 1Fu Y, Cheng Y, Wu Y. Understanding SARS-CoV-2-Mediated Inflammatory Responses: From Mechanisms to Potential Therapeutic Tools. Virol Sin. 2020 Jun;35(3):266-271. doi: 10.1007/s12250-020-00207-4.
  16. Haga S, Yamamoto N, Nakai-Murakami C, Osawa Yo, Tokunaga K, Sata T, et al. Modulation of TNF-alpha-converting enzyme by the spike protein of SARS-CoV and ACE2 induces TNF-alpha production and facilitates viral entry. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008;105:7809-7814.
  17. Liu J, Zheng X, Tong Q, Li W, Wang B, Sutter K, et al. Overlapping and discrete aspects of the pathology and pathogenesis of the emerging human pathogenic coronaviruses SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and 2019-nCoV. Journal of Medical Virology. 2020;92(5):491-494.
  18. Huang J, Song W, Huang H, Sun Q. Pharmacological Therapeutics Targeting RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase, Proteinase and Spike Protein: From Mechanistic Studies to Clinical Trials for COVID-19. J Clin Med. 2020 Apr;9(4):1131. doi: 10.3390/jcm9041131.
  19. Sharma А. Chloroquine paradox may cause more damage than help fight COVID-19. Microbes and Infection. 2020;22:154-156. doi: https://doi. org/10.1016/j.micinf. 2020.04004.
  20. Zhang P, Liu X, Liu H, Wang W, Liu X, Li X, et al. Astragalus polysaccharides inhibit avian infectious bronchitis virus infection by regulating viral replication. Microb Pathog. 2018 Jan;114:124-128. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.11.026.
  21. Zheng Yi, Ren W, Zhang L, Zhang Yu, Liu D, Liu Yo. A Review of the Pharmacological Action of Astragalus Polysaccharide. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:349. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00349.
  22. TOV Natsional’na doslidnyts’ka kompaniya. Instruktsiya z medychnoho zastosuvannya preparatu Panavir. Kyyiv: TOV Natsional’na doslidnyts’ka kompaniya; 2020. 22 s. [in Ukrainian].
  23. Tkachenko LI, Rtishcheva LV, Dokhov MB. Novyye vozmozhnosti povysheniya effektivnosti terapii grippa i ostrykh respiratornykh virusnykh infektsiy. Profilakticheskaya meditsina. 2018:21(6);45-51. [in Russian].
  24. Rakhmaninova N.A, Terekhova YUO. Otsenka effektivnosti primeneniya preparata «Forvet» dlya profilaktiki infektsionnogo peritonita u koshek. Rossiyskiy veterinarnyy zhurnal. Melkiye domashniye i dikiye zhivotnyye. 2015;2:48-52. [in Russian].
  25. Kalinina TS, Zlenko DV, Kiselev AV, Litvin AA, Stovbun SV. Antiviral activity of the high-molecular-weight plant polysaccharides (Panavir®). International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2020;161:936-938.

Publication of the article:

«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 2 (160), 2021 year, 14-18 pages, index UDK 616.9: 578.834.1]-092-085

DOI: