ReviewThe dynamic association between COVID-19 and chronic disorders: An updated insight into prevalence, mechanisms and therapeutic modalities
Graphical abstract
Keywords
COVID-19
Chronic disorders
Prognosis
Multi-organ damage
Management plans
Abbreviations
SARS-CoV-2
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
WHO
World Health Organization
COVID-19
coronavirus disease 2019
SARS-CoV
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
MERS-CoV
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
ACE2
angiotensin-converting enzyme-2
ARDS
acute respiratory distress syndrome
BMI
body mass index
ICU
intensive care unit
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CFR
case-fatality rate
DKA
diabetic ketoacidosis
Ang II
angiotensin II
SGLT-2
sodium-glucose-co-transporter 2
RAS
renin-angiotensin system
IL
interleukin
Th1
T-helper-1
Th2
T-helper 2
IgE
immunoglobin E
TMPRSS2
transmembrane protease serine 2
NF- κB
nuclear factor kappa B
ICS
inhaled corticosteroids
AKI
acute kidney injury
ATN
acute tubular necrosis
GI
gastrointestinal
IBD
inflammatory bowel disease
AST
aspartate aminotransferase
SCD
sickle cell disease
CLL
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
DIC
disseminated intravascular coagulation
ACS
acute chest syndrome
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Both authors have equal contributions
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