JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

A global rollout of vaccinations is currently underway to mitigate and protect people from the COVID-19 pandemic. Several individuals have been using social media platforms like Twitter as an outlet to express their feelings, concerns and opinions about COVID-19 vaccines and vaccination programs. This study examines COVID-19 vaccine related tweets from Jan 1, 2020 to April 30, 2021 to uncover the topics, themes and variations in sentiments of public twitter-users.

Objective:

To examine key themes and topics from COVID-19 vaccine related English tweets posted by individuals, and to explore the trends and variations in public opinions and sentiments

Methods:

We gathered and assessed a corpus of 2.94 million COVID-19 vaccine related tweets made by 1.2 million individuals. We used CoreX topic modelling to explore the themes and topics underlying the tweets, and used VADER sentiment analysis to compute sentiment scores and examine weekly trends. We also performed qualitative content analysis of the top three topics pertaining to COVID-19 vaccination.

Results:

Topic modelling yielded 16 topics that were grouped into 6 broader themes underlying the COVID-19 vaccination tweets. The most tweeted topic about COVID-19 vaccination was related to vaccination policy - whether vaccines needed to be mandated or optional (13.94%), followed by vaccine hesitancy (12.63%), and post-vaccination symptoms and effects (10.44%). Average compound sentiment scores were negative throughout the 16 weeks for topics: post-vaccination symptoms and side effects, and hoax/conspiracy. However, consistent positive sentiment scores were observed for the topics: vaccination disclosure, vaccine efficacy, clinical trials and approvals, affordability, policy/regulation,distribution and shortage, travel, appointment and scheduling, vaccination sites, advocacy, opinion leaders and endorsement, and gratitude to healthcare workers. Reversal in sentiment scores in a few weeks were observed for vaccination eligibility and hesitancy.

Conclusions:

: Identification of dominant themes, topics, sentiments and changing trends about COVID-19 vaccination can aid governments and healthcare agencies to frame appropriate vaccination programs, policies and rollouts.