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Factors Affecting the Coronavirus Fear Levels of Nurses

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 189 - 196, 08.09.2021

Mustafa Durmuş Oktay Ferdi Yıldız Hasan Köse

https://doi.org/10.38108/ouhcd.838675
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, COVID-19 salgını süresi içinde hemşirelerin koronavirüs korku düzeylerini ve bu düzeyi etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma, 1-30 Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında Türkiye’nin Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde yer alan iki devlet hastanesinde çalışan hemşireler ile yürütülmüştür. Bu çalışmada evrenden örneklem seçimine gidilmeyerek tüm hemşirelere ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırma örneklemini %95 güven aralığında 420 hemşire olarak hesaplanmış, 421 hemşire ile tamamlanmıştır. Veriler Google Formlar ile toplanmış, hemşireler ile link paylaşılmıştır. hazırlanarak hemşirelere gönderilen bağlantı adresi ile toplanmıştır. Veri toplamada “Sosyo demografik Bilgi Formu ” ve ‘’Koronavirüs Korku Ölçegi (C19P-S)’’ kullanılmıştır. Araştırma için etik kurul onayı alındıktan sonra veriler toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirmesinde frekans, yüzdelik hesaplama, bağımsız gruplarda t testi ve one way Anova testi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Hemşirelerin toplam koronavirüs korku düzeyleri (53.09±13.62) ile sosyal korku düzeyleri (14.36±4.13) orta seviyededir. Psikolojik korku düzeylerinin (19.14±4.91) ortalamanın üstünde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Somatik (10.56±3.84) ve ekonomik (9.01±2.85) koronavirüs korku düzeylerinin ortalamanın altında olduğu saptanmıştır. Hemşirelerin cinsiyet, eğitim durumları, gelir durumları, riskli birimlerde görev alma durumları, koronavirüsün kısa sürede biteceğine inançları ile koronavirüs korku düzeyleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur (p<0.05).
Sonuç: Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada kadınların, gelir düzeyi düşük olanların ve COVID-19 birimlerinde çalışan hemşirelerin koronavirüs korkularının daha yüksek olduğu tespit edildi. Hemşirelerin çalışma koşullarının iyileştirilmesi ve hemşirelere yönelik salgın ve krizlere yönelik baş etme eğitimlerine daha fazla yer verilmesi önerilmektedir.

Keywords

COVİD-19 KORONAVİRUS KORKU HEMŞİRE

References

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  • Arpaci I, Karataş K, Baloğlu M. (2020). The development and initial tests for the psychometric properties of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S). Personality and Individual Differences, 110108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110108
  • Bao Y, Sun Y, Meng S, Shi J, Lu L. (2020). 2019 –nCOV Epidemic: address mental health care to empower society. The Lancet, 1, e 37-8. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30309-3
  • Baksi A, Sürücü HA, Kurt G. (2020). Hemşirelerin Bireysel Yenilikçilik Davranışları ve Bu Davranışları Etkileyen Faktörlerin İncelenmesi. ACU Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(2), 310-315. https://doi.org/10.31067/0.2020.269 310
  • Çelik F, Edipoğlu IS. (2018). Evaluation of preoperative anxiety and fear of anesthesia using APAIS score. European Journal of Medical Research, 23(41).
  • Chan S. (2003).Nurses fighting against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 35(3), 209. https://doi:10.1111/j.1547-5069.2003.00209.x
  • Chan-Yeung M. (2004). Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and healthcare workers. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, 10(4), 421-427. https://doi:10.1179/oeh.2004.10.4.421
  • Chen Q, Liang M, Li Y, Guo J, Fei D, Wang L et al. (2020). Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4):e15–e16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30078-X
  • Chua SE, Cheung V, Cheung C, Alonan GM, Wong JWS, Chueng EPT et al. (2004). Psychological effects of the SARS outbreak in Hong Kong on high-risk health care workers. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 49(6):391-393. doi:10.1177/070674370404900609
  • Cohen L, Manion L, Morrison K. (2013). Research methods in education. Routledge, pp;100-104.
  • Çankaya, M, Eriş, H . (2020). Hemşire ve ebelerin duygusal zeka düzeylerinin tespitine yönelik bir çalışma. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi,19(74), 656-664. https://doi. org/10.17755/esosder.567278
  • Duncan LA, Schaller M, Park JH. (2009). Perceived vulnerability to disease: Development and validation of a 15-item self-report instrument. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(6), 541–546. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.05.001.
  • Durmuş M , Gerçek A Çiftci N . (2018). Hemşirelerin yaşam kaliteleri ile tükenmişlik düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesine yönelik bir araştırma. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi,6 (2), 279-286. https://doi. org/ 10.18506/anemon.325977
  • Gao WB, Chen ZY, Wang YN. (2003). Analysis on the influence and change trend of public mentality during sars epidemic. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 17(9): 594-596.
  • Guan WJ, Ni Z, Hu Y, Liang C, Ou J, He L et al. (2020). Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(13), 1199-1207. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001316
  • Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y et al. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan. China. Lancet, 395, 497–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
  • Kang L, Li Y, Hu S, Chen M, Yang BX, Wang Y et al. (2020).The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan. China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(3), 14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30047-X
  • Khamisa N, Peltzer K, Oldenburg B. (2013). Burnout in relation to specific contributing factors and health outcomes among nurses: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,10(6), 221440. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10062214
  • Kızılırmak M, Demir S. (2016). Investigation of depression and quality of life in hospital nurses.(in Turkish). TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 15(2), 132-40.
  • Koivula M, Tarkka MT, Tarkka M, Laippala P, Paunonen-Ilmonen M. (2002). Fear and anxiety in patients at different time-points in the coronary artery bypass process. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 39, 811–822.https://doi.org/ 10.1016/s0020-7489(02)00022-6
  • Korkmazer, F, Pirol, M, Güneysu, E. (2020). Hemşirelerin hastane etik iklim algılarının performansları üzerine etkisi. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi , 8 (1) , 163-170. https://doi. org/ 10.18506/anemon.523438
  • Köse S, Sis Çelik A . (2020). Hemşirelerin hemşirelik tanılarını algılama durumlarının ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi. Ordu Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Çalışmaları Dergisi, 3 (3), 244-253. https://doi.org/ 10.38108/ouhcd.785110
  • Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N et al. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease. JAMA Netw Open, 3, e203976. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976
  • Li L, Cheng S, Gu J. (2003). SARS infection among health care workers in Beijing, China. JAMA, (20): 2662-2663. https://doi:10.1001/jama.290.20.2662.
  • Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, Wang X, Zhou L, Tong Y et al. (2020). Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia [published online January 29, 2020]. New England Journal of Medicine, https://doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2001316
  • Lin CY. (2020). Social reaction toward the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Social Health and Behavior, 3(1), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.4103/SHB.SHB_11_20.
  • Mok E, Chung BP, Chung JW, Wong TK. (2005). An exploratory study of nurses suffering from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). International Journal of Nursing Practice, 11(4), 150-160. https://doi:10.1111/j.1440-172X.2005.00520.x
  • Muşlu C, Baltacı D, Kutanis R, Kara İH. (2012). Nurses working in primary care and hospitals anxiety, depression, and quality of life(in Turkish). Konuralp Medical Journal, 4(1), 17-23.
  • Öz F. (2015). Basic concepts in the field of health. 2nd Edition. Ankara. Mattek publishing, pp.38-42.
  • Pappas G, Kiriaze IJ, Giannakis P, Falagas ME. (2009). Psychosocial consequences of infectious diseases. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 15(8), 743–747. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.14690691.2009.02947.x.
  • Paules CI, Marston HD, Fauci AS. (2020). Coronavirus infections-more than just the common cold. JAMA, https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.0757
  • Rothe C, Schunk M, Sothmann P, Bretzel G, Froeschl G, Wallrauch C, et al. (2020).Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany [published online January 30, 2020]. New England Journal of Medicine, https://doi:10.1056/NEJMc2001468
  • Ruhaiyem ME, Alshehri AA, Saade M, Shoabi TA, Zahoor H, Tawfeeq NA. (2016). Fear of going under general anesthesia: A cross-sectional study. Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia, 10(3), 317-321. https://doi.org/ 10.4103/1658-354X.179094
  • Said NB, Chiang VCL. (2020). The knowledge, skill competencies, and psychological preparedness of nurses for disaster: a sytematic review. International Emergency Nursing, 48: 100806. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ienj.2019.100806
  • Shih FJ, Gau ML, Kao CC, Yang CY, Lin YS, Liao YC et al. (2007). Dying and caring on the edge: Taiwan’s surviving nurses’ reflections on taking care of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Applied Nursing Research, 20(4),171-180. https://doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2006.08.007
  • Tzeng, H, Ketefian, S (2003). Demand for nursing competencies: an exploratory study in Taiwan's hospital system. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 12 (4), 509-518.
  • Ueda M, Martins R, Hendrie PC, Donnell T, Crews JR, Wong TL et al. (2020). Managing cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic: agility and collaboration toward a common goal. Journal of National Comprehensive Cancer Network, https://doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2020.7560.
  • Usher K, Gardner A, Buttner P, Woolley T. (2009). The H1N1 influenza 09 and its potential impact on the Australian nursing workforce. Collegian, 16(4), 169-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2009.10.001
  • Wong TW, Yau JK, Chan CLW, Kwong RSY, Ho SMY, Lau CC et al.(2005). The psychological impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak on healthcare workers in emergency departments and how they cope. European Journal of Emergency Medicine, 12(1), 13-18. https:// doi:10. 1097/00063110-200502000-00005
  • Wu P, Fang Y, Guan Z, Fan B, Kong J, Yao Z et al. (2009). The psychological impact of the SARS epidemic on hospital employees in China: exposure, risk perception, and altruistic acceptance of risk. Canadanian Journal of Psychiatry, 54:302–311. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F070674370905400504
  • Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Huang L, Zhang C et al. (2020). Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8:420–422. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600 (20)30076-X

Hemşirelerin Koronavirüs Korku Düzeylerini Etkileyen Faktörler

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 189 - 196, 08.09.2021

Mustafa Durmuş Oktay Ferdi Yıldız Hasan Köse

https://doi.org/10.38108/ouhcd.838675
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Objective: This study was conducted to examine the coronavirus fear levels of nurses and the factors affecting them during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Method: Research was carried out with nurses working in two public hospitals located in Turkey's Eastern Anatolia region between 1-30 June 2020. In this study, all nurses were tried to be reached and a sample from the population was not chosen. The research sample was calculated as 420 nurses at 95% confidence interval, and it was completed with 421 nurses. "Personal Information Form" and "Coronavirus Phobia Scale (C19P-S)" were used in data collection. After obtaining the approval of the ethics committee for the research, data were collected online voluntarily basis. Frequency, percentage calculation, independent groups t-test and one-way ANOVA test were used in the evaluation of the data.
Findings: The total coronavirus fear levels of the nurses (53.09 ± 13.62) and social fear levels (14.36 ± 4.13) were found to be moderate. Psychological fear levels (19.14 ± 4.91) were determined to be above average. Somatic (10.56 ± 3.84) and economic (9.01 ± 2.85) coronavirus fear levels were found to be below average. A statistically significant difference was found between the nurses' gender, educational status, income levels, their employment in risky units, their belief that the coronavirus would end soon, and their coronavirus fear levels (p <0.05).
Conclusion: It was found in this study that women, those with low income, and nurses working in COVID-19 units were found to have higher coronavirus fears. It is recommended that the working conditions of the nurses would be improved and the nurses would be involved in in-service trainings regarding how to cope with outbreaks and crises.
Keywords: COVID-19, coronavirus, fear, nurse

Keywords

COVID-19 CORONAVIRUS FEAR NURSE

References

  • Akça Ay F. (2010). Professional basic concepts. In: Akça Ay F, editor. Basic nursing concepts, principles, practices. İstanbul Medikal Yayıncılık, pp;47-50.
  • Arpaci I, Karataş K, Baloğlu M. (2020). The development and initial tests for the psychometric properties of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S). Personality and Individual Differences, 110108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110108
  • Bao Y, Sun Y, Meng S, Shi J, Lu L. (2020). 2019 –nCOV Epidemic: address mental health care to empower society. The Lancet, 1, e 37-8. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30309-3
  • Baksi A, Sürücü HA, Kurt G. (2020). Hemşirelerin Bireysel Yenilikçilik Davranışları ve Bu Davranışları Etkileyen Faktörlerin İncelenmesi. ACU Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(2), 310-315. https://doi.org/10.31067/0.2020.269 310
  • Çelik F, Edipoğlu IS. (2018). Evaluation of preoperative anxiety and fear of anesthesia using APAIS score. European Journal of Medical Research, 23(41).
  • Chan S. (2003).Nurses fighting against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 35(3), 209. https://doi:10.1111/j.1547-5069.2003.00209.x
  • Chan-Yeung M. (2004). Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and healthcare workers. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, 10(4), 421-427. https://doi:10.1179/oeh.2004.10.4.421
  • Chen Q, Liang M, Li Y, Guo J, Fei D, Wang L et al. (2020). Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4):e15–e16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30078-X
  • Chua SE, Cheung V, Cheung C, Alonan GM, Wong JWS, Chueng EPT et al. (2004). Psychological effects of the SARS outbreak in Hong Kong on high-risk health care workers. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 49(6):391-393. doi:10.1177/070674370404900609
  • Cohen L, Manion L, Morrison K. (2013). Research methods in education. Routledge, pp;100-104.
  • Çankaya, M, Eriş, H . (2020). Hemşire ve ebelerin duygusal zeka düzeylerinin tespitine yönelik bir çalışma. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi,19(74), 656-664. https://doi. org/10.17755/esosder.567278
  • Duncan LA, Schaller M, Park JH. (2009). Perceived vulnerability to disease: Development and validation of a 15-item self-report instrument. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(6), 541–546. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.05.001.
  • Durmuş M , Gerçek A Çiftci N . (2018). Hemşirelerin yaşam kaliteleri ile tükenmişlik düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesine yönelik bir araştırma. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi,6 (2), 279-286. https://doi. org/ 10.18506/anemon.325977
  • Gao WB, Chen ZY, Wang YN. (2003). Analysis on the influence and change trend of public mentality during sars epidemic. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 17(9): 594-596.
  • Guan WJ, Ni Z, Hu Y, Liang C, Ou J, He L et al. (2020). Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(13), 1199-1207. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001316
  • Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y et al. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan. China. Lancet, 395, 497–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
  • Kang L, Li Y, Hu S, Chen M, Yang BX, Wang Y et al. (2020).The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan. China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(3), 14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30047-X
  • Khamisa N, Peltzer K, Oldenburg B. (2013). Burnout in relation to specific contributing factors and health outcomes among nurses: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,10(6), 221440. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10062214
  • Kızılırmak M, Demir S. (2016). Investigation of depression and quality of life in hospital nurses.(in Turkish). TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 15(2), 132-40.
  • Koivula M, Tarkka MT, Tarkka M, Laippala P, Paunonen-Ilmonen M. (2002). Fear and anxiety in patients at different time-points in the coronary artery bypass process. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 39, 811–822.https://doi.org/ 10.1016/s0020-7489(02)00022-6
  • Korkmazer, F, Pirol, M, Güneysu, E. (2020). Hemşirelerin hastane etik iklim algılarının performansları üzerine etkisi. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi , 8 (1) , 163-170. https://doi. org/ 10.18506/anemon.523438
  • Köse S, Sis Çelik A . (2020). Hemşirelerin hemşirelik tanılarını algılama durumlarının ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi. Ordu Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Çalışmaları Dergisi, 3 (3), 244-253. https://doi.org/ 10.38108/ouhcd.785110
  • Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N et al. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease. JAMA Netw Open, 3, e203976. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976
  • Li L, Cheng S, Gu J. (2003). SARS infection among health care workers in Beijing, China. JAMA, (20): 2662-2663. https://doi:10.1001/jama.290.20.2662.
  • Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, Wang X, Zhou L, Tong Y et al. (2020). Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia [published online January 29, 2020]. New England Journal of Medicine, https://doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2001316
  • Lin CY. (2020). Social reaction toward the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Social Health and Behavior, 3(1), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.4103/SHB.SHB_11_20.
  • Mok E, Chung BP, Chung JW, Wong TK. (2005). An exploratory study of nurses suffering from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). International Journal of Nursing Practice, 11(4), 150-160. https://doi:10.1111/j.1440-172X.2005.00520.x
  • Muşlu C, Baltacı D, Kutanis R, Kara İH. (2012). Nurses working in primary care and hospitals anxiety, depression, and quality of life(in Turkish). Konuralp Medical Journal, 4(1), 17-23.
  • Öz F. (2015). Basic concepts in the field of health. 2nd Edition. Ankara. Mattek publishing, pp.38-42.
  • Pappas G, Kiriaze IJ, Giannakis P, Falagas ME. (2009). Psychosocial consequences of infectious diseases. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 15(8), 743–747. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.14690691.2009.02947.x.
  • Paules CI, Marston HD, Fauci AS. (2020). Coronavirus infections-more than just the common cold. JAMA, https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.0757
  • Rothe C, Schunk M, Sothmann P, Bretzel G, Froeschl G, Wallrauch C, et al. (2020).Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany [published online January 30, 2020]. New England Journal of Medicine, https://doi:10.1056/NEJMc2001468
  • Ruhaiyem ME, Alshehri AA, Saade M, Shoabi TA, Zahoor H, Tawfeeq NA. (2016). Fear of going under general anesthesia: A cross-sectional study. Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia, 10(3), 317-321. https://doi.org/ 10.4103/1658-354X.179094
  • Said NB, Chiang VCL. (2020). The knowledge, skill competencies, and psychological preparedness of nurses for disaster: a sytematic review. International Emergency Nursing, 48: 100806. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ienj.2019.100806
  • Shih FJ, Gau ML, Kao CC, Yang CY, Lin YS, Liao YC et al. (2007). Dying and caring on the edge: Taiwan’s surviving nurses’ reflections on taking care of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Applied Nursing Research, 20(4),171-180. https://doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2006.08.007
  • Tzeng, H, Ketefian, S (2003). Demand for nursing competencies: an exploratory study in Taiwan's hospital system. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 12 (4), 509-518.
  • Ueda M, Martins R, Hendrie PC, Donnell T, Crews JR, Wong TL et al. (2020). Managing cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic: agility and collaboration toward a common goal. Journal of National Comprehensive Cancer Network, https://doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2020.7560.
  • Usher K, Gardner A, Buttner P, Woolley T. (2009). The H1N1 influenza 09 and its potential impact on the Australian nursing workforce. Collegian, 16(4), 169-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2009.10.001
  • Wong TW, Yau JK, Chan CLW, Kwong RSY, Ho SMY, Lau CC et al.(2005). The psychological impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak on healthcare workers in emergency departments and how they cope. European Journal of Emergency Medicine, 12(1), 13-18. https:// doi:10. 1097/00063110-200502000-00005
  • Wu P, Fang Y, Guan Z, Fan B, Kong J, Yao Z et al. (2009). The psychological impact of the SARS epidemic on hospital employees in China: exposure, risk perception, and altruistic acceptance of risk. Canadanian Journal of Psychiatry, 54:302–311. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F070674370905400504
  • Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Huang L, Zhang C et al. (2020). Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8:420–422. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600 (20)30076-X
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Nursing
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mustafa Durmuş 0000-0002-7559-4187

Oktay Ferdi Yıldız 0000-0002-9760-4892

Hasan Köse 0000-0002-1504-700X

Publication Date September 8, 2021
Submission Date December 10, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Durmuş, M., Yıldız, O. F., & Köse, H. (2021). Hemşirelerin Koronavirüs Korku Düzeylerini Etkileyen Faktörler. Ordu Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Çalışmaları Dergisi, 4(2), 189-196. https://doi.org/10.38108/ouhcd.838675

Cited By

HEMŞİRELERDE PROBLEM ÇÖZME BECERİSİ İLE COVİD-19 KORKUSU ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Journal of Healthcare Management and Leadership
https://doi.org/10.35345/johmal.1269148
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