Review
COVID-19 and diabetes: Association intensify risk factors for morbidity and mortality

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113089Get rights and content
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Highlights

  • Diabetes and additional associated comorbidities are strong determinants of illness and death in COVID-19 individuals.

  • · SARS-CoV-2 may also lead to direct pancreatic harm.

  • · Diabetes mellitus is associated to decreased expression ACE2.

  • Patients with unmanaged DM have a weaker body's mechanism of defence.

  • Patients with unmamaged DM have weaker body.s mechanism of defense

  • ·Diabetes mellitus and uncontrolled glycemia are significant indicators of morbidity and fatality.

Abstract

Diabetes is a condition that affects a large percentage of the population and it is the leading cause of a wide range of costly complications. Diabetes is linked to a multi-fold increase in mortality and when compared to non-diabetics, the intensity and prevalence of COVID-19 ailment among diabetic individuals are more. Since its discovery in Wuhan, COVID-19 has grown rapidly and shown a wide range of severity. Temperature, lymphopenia, non-productive cough, dyspnoea, and tiredness are recognized as the characteristic of individuals infected with COVID-19 disease. In COVID-19 patients, diabetes and other related comorbidities are substantial predictors of disease and mortality. According to a recent study, SARS-CoV-2 (the virus responsible for covid-19 disease) may also lead to direct pancreatic harm, which could aggravate hyperglycemia and potentially cause the establishment of diabetes in formerly non-diabetic individuals. This bidirectional association of COVID-19 and diabetes load the burden on health care professionals throughout the world. It is recommended that gliptin medications be taken moderately, blood glucose levels must be kept under control, ACE inhibitors should be used in moderation, decrease the number of avoidable hospitalizations, nutritional considerations, and some other prevention measures, such as immunization, are highly recommended. SARS-CoV-2 may cause pleiotropic changes in glucose homeostasis, which could exacerbate the pathophysiology of pre-existing diabetes or result in new disease processes.

Abbreviations

SARS-CoV-2
severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2
COVID-19
corona virus disease-19
ACE2
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
T2D
type 2 diabetes
PLpro
papain-like protease
nsp3
non-structural protein 3
3CLpro
3C-like protease
S
spike protein
M
protein membrane
E
envelope protein
N
nucleocapsid protein
HE
hemagglutinin-esterase
MERS
Middle East respiratory syndrome
CDC
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
RT-PCR
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
IL-6
interleukin-6

Keywords

COVID-19
Diabetes mellitus
SARS-CoV-2
Glucose homeostasis, Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

Data availability

No data was used for the research described in the article.

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