Jan- to Apr-2023

Characterization, Screening and Application of Rhizobial Isolates on Black Gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] Productivity from the Rhizosphere Soil of DibruSaikhowa Biosphere Reserve (DSBR) Forest of Assam, India

By: Kumud Das , Apurba Saikia , Soneswar Sarma

Page No : 1-15

Abstract
An experiment was conducted with efficient Rhizobial isolates from the rhizosphere soil of Dibru-Saikhowa Biosphere Reserve (DSBR) forest of Assam, India in both laboratory and field condition with black gram. The purification, authentication, characterization and screening of efficient isolates viz. MDB1 (Microbial Diversity Bacteria), MDB9 , MDB11, MDB12 and MDB15 have been done in vitro experiment in Gibson’s tube and Leonard jars. Lone inoculation of these five isolates in black gram with prominent parameters like dry weight (g, plant-1) of shoot and root, chlorophyll content (mg, g-1fresh wt.), N & P content (g/plant) and yield (kg, ha-1) were recorded in field condition. Dry weight of nodule (51 g, plant-1), shoot (7.80 g, plant-1) and root (3.55 g, plant-1) was observed high in MDB11 inoculation while low (nodule= 34, shoot= 5.60 and root= 2.30 g, plant-1) in MDB15. The N & P content showed high (3.15 & 1.86 mg/plant in shoot and 1.69 & 1.06 mg/plant in root) in MDB11 inoculation comparison to others. Subsequently, the highest productivity (460.48 kg, ha-1) of the test crop observed in due application of MDB11 while lowest (365.32 kg, ha-1) in MDB15. In this piece of research work, we used all the above-mentioned Rhizobium isolates as PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) which were isolated from Dibru-Saikhowa Biosphere Reserve Forest of Assam.
This study thus underlines the potentials of the rhizobial isolates correspondence to the growth and development of black gram and submits this piece of work in original form for greater benefit of mankind in future.

Authors :
Kumud Das : Department of Botany, Nowgong College (Autonomous), Nagaon, Assam, India. 
Apurba Saikia : P.G. Department of Life Sciences, D.R. College, Golaghat, Assam, India.
Soneswar Sarma : Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.1

Price: 251

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Evaluation of Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Seed Germination Potential of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Bark Extract of Ailanthus excelsa Roxb

By: Sumita Nair , Neeraja Tutakne

Page No : 17-28

Abstract
Nanotechnology, an emerging scientific domain promises potential applications in varied sectors. Currently, research in nanotechnology focuses on the optimization of nanoparticle synthesis. Green synthesis of nanoparticles is an economic and non-toxic alternative to conventional methods. In the present study, aqueous bark extract of Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. was used for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). UV-Visible Spectroscopy confirmed the presence of AgNPs with an absorption Surface Plasmon peak at 450nm. Biosynthesized AgNPs and bark extract were investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for determining the functional groups in phytochemicals that act as reducing and capping agents in the synthesis process. High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) analysis denotes that AgNPs were predominantly spherical, with an average size of 18.84 ± 2.28nm. The bark extract was evaluated qualitatively by preliminary phytochemical screening. Antioxidant potential of biosynthesized AgNPs and bark extract were analyzed using the DPPH method in which biosynthesized AgNPs showed significant free radical scavenging potential. Antibacterial properties of biosynthesized AgNPs were analysed against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Biosynthesized AgNPs and bark extract were also checked for Germination Percentage, Germination Speed Index and Seedling Vigor Index on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Moong (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) seeds. The present study infers that Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. act as a potential source of green synthesis of AgNPs and may help to build a resilient system for its commercial applications in various fields.

Authors :
Sumita Nair and Neeraja Tutakne 
Department of Botany, SIES College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Autonomous), Sion (W), Mumbai, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.2

Price: 251

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Anthocyanins as Natural Plant-derived Antifungal Agents

By: Nirmalkar Vaishali , Ansari Shahana , Shaikh Asfiya , Momin Naziya

Page No : 29-38

Abstract
Anthocyanins are polyphenolic compounds found as natural pigments in various parts of plants that share the same diphenyl propane skeleton (C6 C3 C6 ) and are collectively known as flavonoids. They are water-soluble pigments responsible for the blue, purple, and red color of various plant parts and are particularly abundant in fruits, flowers, and vegetables. These pigments are natural colorants that are low to non-toxic. They also show antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, and food preservative properties. This study aims to perform in vitro analysis of the antifungal activity of anthocyanins extracted from different plant materials. Anthocyanins were extracted in acetone and acidified methanol. For qualitative determination of anthocyanins, thin layer chromatography was used whereas for quantitative determination pH differential method was used. The antifungal potential of anthocyanins was determined using the MIC and agar well diffusion methods against Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. Acetone extract exhibited higher antifungal potential compared to acidified methanol extract against both fungal strains. It is suggested that anthocyanins, being strong antifungal agents, can be used to prevent fungal spoilage and deterioration of processed foods.

Authors :
Nirmalkar Vaishali, Ansari Shahana, Shaikh Asfiya and Momin Naziya
K.M.E Society’s G. M. Momin Women’s College, Bhiwandi, Maharashtra, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.3

Price: 251

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Macrofungi in Some Areas of Borail Reserve Forest of Dima Hasao District, Assam

By: Mairingdi Jarambusa , Pradip Kumar Baruah

Page No : 39-48

Abstract
Macrofungi are ecologically resourceful group of organisms exists in every possible ecosystem. Borail Reserve Forest of Dima Hasao district, Assam is endowed with typical Sub tropical monsoon climate which provide adequate habitat for the growth and development of various types of vegetation as well as diverse species of macrofungi. The study attempts to assess the macrofungal diversity in certain areas of Borail Reserve Forest as it is yet to explore. The investigation was conducted in the year 2021 (June-December). Sampling was done using quadrat method each measuring 100×100m2 . During the survey, a total of 21 species belonging to 15 families were encountered and identified up to species level i.e. Auriculariaceae, Clavulinaceae, Psathyrellaceae, Fomitopsidaceae, Ganodermataceae, Agaricaceae, Lyophyllaceae, Marasmiaceae, Polyporaceae, Phallaceae, Pluteaceae, Schizophyllaceae, Stereaceae, Tremellaceae and Xylariaceae. It is found that 20 species belong to basidiomycota group and only 1 species belongs to ascomycota group. However, Marasmiaceae and Polyporaceae family are found to be the most dominant family of macrofungi in the region. The inference of the study revealed the diverse treasure of macrofungi of Borail Reserve Forest. The record of macrofungi of the study gives the baseline information for the biological diversity. The significance of macrofungi is not only to balance the ecosystem dynamics but also in human diet and beneficial impact to health, which increases the need for the conservation of this valuable resource.

Authors :
Mairingdi Jarambusa : Ph.D. Research Scholar, Department of Botany, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya, India.
Pradip Kumar Baruah : Professor, Department of Botany, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya, India.

 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.4

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Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of Endophytic Bacteria Associated with Roots of Salvadora oleoides

By: Ritu Kumari , Neelam Poonar , Shweta Sharma , Anita Yadav , Sangeeta Kumari , Neetu Poonar

Page No : 49-56

Abstract
The reduction of plant diseases by the use of plant associated microbes is being increased nowadays. Microorganisms which are isolated from surface sterilized plant tissues and which have no negative impact on plant growth are called as endophytic microbes. In the present investigation, sampling of the Salvadora oleoides was done from 6 different sites of Rajasthan state. Endophytes associated with these plants were isolated and cultured. Then those were identified by biochemical and culture techniques. Results of our investigations confirmed the presence of Pseudomonas syringae in all the isolates.

Authors :
Ritu Kumari, Neelam Poonar, Shweta Sharma, Anita Yadav and Sangeeta Kumari
Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

Neetu Poonar : Faculty of Science, G.D. Memorial College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.5

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Sacred Groves: A Novice Idea for Carbon Sequestration

By: Alpesh Malsatar , PK Mehta

Page No : 57-66

Abstract
The daily anthropogenic advancements of humans have led to an increase in global carbon emissions. Every year, there has been an increase in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide. One of the least expensive ways to minimize this gap is by biological carbon sequestration in plants. Ecosystems of forests are the most significant carbon sinks among terrestrial ecosystems and have long-term sustainable impacts on limiting climate change. Sacred groves are known as the small patches of conserved forests protected by man’s spiritual beliefs and cultural practices. These sacred forest patches were studied from the ecological, environmental and floristic point of view by several research workers. Due to their religious and mythological myths and beliefs, sacred groves and sacred plants are conserved well. Apart from being conserved, these sacred plants can also have a higher potential for carbon sequestration. The total biomass and carbon sequestrated in the Sacred tree species have been estimated using a non-destructive method. The main focus of the current article is on estimating the carbon sequestration of sacred tree species in sacred groves found in selected areas Abdasa Taluka of Kachchh District. Total 51 sacred groves were recorded from 33 villages which cover approximately 23.64 hectares of land area. Carbon sequestration of 537 individuals of 23 tree species was estimated through the standard method. Ficus benghalensis L. is dominated in carbon i.e., 7.36 tones followed by Tamarindus indica L. (5.77 tones), Ficus religiosa L. (5.22 tones), Delonix regia (Boj.) Raf (3.02 tonnes). Lowest carbon sequestration was recorded in Prosopsis cineraria (L.) Druce, Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile, Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub and Punica granetum L. less than 1 tonnes respectively.

Authors :
Alpesh Malsatar :  Research Scholar, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, KSKV Kachchh University, Bhuj, Gujarat, India.
PK Mehta : Assistant Professor, Government Science College, Mandvi, Gujarat, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.6

Price: 251

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Terrestrial Orchid Diversity in Sagara Taluk of Shimogga District Central Western Ghats Region of Karnataka

By: Soumya Mahabaleshwar Hegde , K Krishnaswamy

Page No : 67-74

Abstract
The current article evaluates the study of terrestrial orchids in Sagara taluk of Shimogga district, reports total 26 terrestrial orchid species in Sagara taluk region Shimogga district Karnataka from the period of January 2019-January 2022 and provides information on their distribution, phenology aspects and biological status in the district. Extensive field surveys were carried out periodically in different part of the taluk particularly in grasslands and hilly region to study the diversity and phenological character of the plant. It was noticed that, when compared to other species, the Habenaria species is richly distributed in Sagara taluk regions. During field visits also noticed some anthropogenic activities highly effects on the diversity of the terrestrial orchids. The further study has to be carried out to get more information related to diversity and current status of terrestrial orchid species in Sagara taluk region of Shimogga district Karnataka.

Authors :
Soumya Mahabaleshwar Hegde : Department of Applied Botany Kuvempu University, Jnanasahyadri, Shankaraghatta, Shimogga, Karnataka, India.
K Krishnaswamy : Department of Botany, Sahyadri Science College, Shimogga, Karnataka, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.7

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Changes in Floral Diversity due to Livelihood Pressures in the Eco-sensitive Zone of Nongkhyllem Wildlife Sanctuary in Ri Bhoi District of Meghalaya

By: Thoudam James Singh , Subhasish Das Gupta

Page No : 75-82

Abstract
The challenges in the management of diverse flora impacted by anthropogenic factors in areas governed by different land tenure systems are enormous notwithstanding lying in a classified biodiversity hot spot region in Meghalaya in North- east India. The attributes of the plant population in protected areas like Nongkhyllem Wildlife Sanctuary (NWLS), Nongkhyllem Forest (NRF), and District Council governed Eco-sensitive zone (ESZ) were studied using Important Value Index (IVI), Shannon’s and Weiner Diversity Index and Sorenson’s similarity index. Shorea robusta C.F.Gaertn., Tectona grandis Linn. L.f., Schima wallichii (D.C.) Korth, had the highest IVI value of 64, 56, 42, etc. respectively, while the diversity index showed maximum values of 0.78 in recorded forest area and minimum of 0.60 under district council area. Similarity index ranged between 16.67 % and 39.22 %. The species richness and diversity in the recorded forest area was higher compared to the forest under the district council. In addition, tree girth and density of other species were determined. The study revealed that the cultivation of betel nut (Areca catechu L.), betel leaf (Piper betle L.), broom (Thysanolaena maxima Kuntze) and banana (Musa spp.) though for livelihood and income generation contributed to vegetation alteration in the district council forest area. Strict enforcement of ESZ laws & creating alternative livelihood opportunities can help minimize biodiversity loss.

Authors :
Thoudam James Singh and Subhasish Das Gupta
Department of Environment & Traditional Ecosystems, Martin Luther Christian University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.8

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Curculigo Species: A Wide Spectrum Research Review

By: Pratibha Chaturvedi , Vinita Srivastava

Page No : 83-93

Abstract
Tropical regions of Asia, Africa, Australia, and the Americas are rich with Curculigo species belongs to family Hypoxidaceae. There are six species are reported of Curculigo, out of which, Curculigo orchioides (Gaertn.), is the most popular medicinally used species and commonly known as ‘kali musali’. Curculigo rhizome has been used for management for different ailments including for impotency, joint pain related problems, and diarrhoea in Chinese medicine and also used as a powerful immune-modulator with aphrodisiac property in the old traditional medical system. Present review covers the various aspects of Curculigo genus such as cultivation, phytochemical, pharmacognosy and biotechnological. After reviewing the medicinal value of Curculigo species, it can be concluded that the plant having tremendous potential for wide spectrum management of enormous diseases. The bioactive compound can be isolated and characterized for giving a model system for development of new drug hence this review will be useful for new drug discovery. The molecular aspect of the review will be helpful to identify the genuine plant material, which will be further used for development of novel herbal medicines. The illustration of Biotechnological approaches will be immensely applicable to develop new protocol for micro-propagation of this valuable and extinct plant species. The new and economically feasible technique for curculigoside extraction can be developed after knowing the basic knowledge of phytochemicals of this plant and will be given a source of entrepreneurship and empowerment of tribals. The developed technology for characterization and identification of bioactive principals of Curculigo species, will be useful for herbal based pharma industry, thus this review could be a mean to attain whole picture of Curculigo genus.

Authors :
Pratibha Chaturvedi : Consultant, Traditional medicine, Tribal Health Cell, Ministry of Tribal Affairs, New Delhi, India.
Vinita Srivastava : Advisor, Tribal Health Cell, Ministry of Tribal Affairs, New Delhi, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.9

Price: 251

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Anatomy of Pedilanthus tithymaloides with Special Reference to Laticifers

By: Ashwani Kumar , Anshu Rani

Page No : 95-103

Abstract
Plant latex is a sap that is exuded from damaged vein. It is kept in a tissue specialized in exuding latex called laticifer and is kept inside laticifer cells. It works as an efficient defence system against herbivorous insects. Laticifer is a general term applied to a large and heterogenous group of cell types. In Pedilanthus tithymaloides the laticifers are an elongated; anastomosing network of cells which are non-articulated branched and are commonly located in the outer part of the vascular cylinder. Laticifers extend throughout the length of the plants.

Authors :
Anshu Rani : Professor, Department of Botany, SMCC Government College, Abu Road, Rajasthan, India.
Ashwani Kumar :  Professor, Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.

 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.10

Price: 251

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Variations in Pyrrosia heterophylla (L.) Price Accessions and Evidence for the Occurrence of a New Pyrrosia Species in Kerala, South India

By: Ashitha Alenson , Sruthy Krishnan G , Laija S Nair , Mahesh S

Page No : 105-113

Abstract
Pyrrosia belonging to Polypodiaceae, commonly known as felt ferns is characterized by its simple leaves and the presence of stellate hairs in the frond. Despite the great range of variability within the species, accessions of P. heterophylla (L.) Price from Kerala have not been extensively examined. The present study aims at the morpho-anatomical comparison of accessions. The samples were collected and variable characters such as habitats, shape, colour, thickness, width, length of sterile fronds, length, width and spore arrangement of fertile fronds, scales and the internal structure of the rhizome, stipe, and lamina of 20 accessions were examined and photographed using Carl Zeiss photomicroscope. Observations of the epidermis, including stomata and stellate hairs, were also made. Coded binary states of characters were used for developing a data matrix, which was further analysed. Cluster analysis using the UPGMA method were done from which a dendrogram was constructed which represents the taxonomic relationships among the species. In terms of the morphology and anatomy of the plant parts, three of the 20 accessions differed from P. heterophylla (L.) Price.

Authors :
Ashitha Alenson, Sruthy Krishnan and Laija S Nair
Postgraduate and Research Department of Botany, University College, Thiruvananthapuram, Affiliated to the University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Mahesh S : Postgraduate and Research Department of Botany, Christian College, Kattakada, Thiruvananthapuram, Affiliated to the University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.11

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Ethno-medicinal Survey on Herbaceous Plant Resources of Cachar District of Assam, India

By: Mukul Kumar Baruah

Page No : 115-125

Abstract
An ethno-medicinal survey was carried out to collect information and its documentation of the folk knowledge and diversity of uses of ethno-medicinal herbaceous plants from the tribal and rural inhabitants of the Cachar district of Assam during the period of 2018–2021. The area comprises of diverse medicinal herbs as well as diversity in ethnic groups and culture practices associated with plant diversity. The indigenous knowledge of folk medicinal herbs was collected from the field through personal communication with the inhabitants of the remote villages of the district and through repeated enquiries from local folk. In the present survey, a total of 112 species under 101 genera of herbaceous plants belongs to 60 families were collected, identified and documented. The study reveals that the ethnic and rural peoples of the survey area are depending on traditional medicinal plants for many of their primary health care. During the survey, it was found that due to anthropogenic activities (i.e., deforestation, construction of roads, urbanization and modernization, etc.) many of the important medicinal herbs used by the tribal and ethnic groups became rare, endangered and threatened. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the conservation and propagation activities of these ethno-medicinal herbs for future generations.

Author :
Mukul Kumar Baruah : Department of Botany, Cachar College, Silchar, Assam, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.12

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Traditional Medicolore in Dhadgaon Tehsil of Nandurbar District (Maharashtra: India)

By: Dhale D. A.

Page No : 127-135

Abstract
The Dhadgaon tehsil is predominantly tribal area. The tehsil is studded with various tribes viz., Bhil, Pawara, Dhanaka, etc. They have their way of life, dialect and beliefs. Their mediclore is traditional. They have experimented by trials and errors to develop traditional plant knowledge, which they pass down verbally generations. Information on native medicinal uses was obtained through direct field interviews with traditional healers, elder tribal men and women, heads of villages and hamlets. The importance of plant-based medicines and the application of traditional knowledge, skills, customs, and practices related to primary healthcare among tribal and rural is presented in this report, which includes 50 plants pertain to 49 genera and 32 angiospermic families. Recipes such as fresh juice, decoction, infusion, paste, powder, oil, and other recipes are utilized. They employs, various plant parts such as roots, stems, bark, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, and tubers, as well as latex.

Author :
Dhale D. A. : PG-Department of Botany, S.S.V.P.S.’s, L. K. Dr. P. R. Ghogrey Science College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.13

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Comparative Pharmacognostic Screening of Tribulus terrestris and Tribulus subramanyamii

By: Dhale D. A. , Snehal N. Dhawale

Page No : 137-144

Abstract
The genus Tribulus belongs to the family Zygophyllaceae comprises approximately 25 species that grow as prostrate. This study will collect Tribulus terrestris L. and Tribulus subramanyamii P. Singh, G.S. Giri & V. Singh. and analyzed for their macroscopic, microscopic and phytochemical properties. Selected plant species were collected from three geographical locations in Maharashtra State, India. To confirm the quality and authenticity of plants, standard pharmacognostic procedures described in standard reference books were used to conduct a comparative analysis of Tribulus sps. The current study examines pharmacognostic studies on its numerous parts, such as the stem, leaf, flower and fruit. The study shows the presence of unicellular trichomes on leaf section are substantially less denser in T. subramanyamii than T. terrestris. In numerous tests for qualitative analysis of distinct Tribulus sps. phytochemical substances such as alkaloids, starch, carbohydrates, tannin, saponins, glycosides, phenol, flavonoids, and proteins were found to be present.

Authors : 
D. A. Dhale : Post-Graduate, Department of Botany, SSVPS’s, L. K. Dr. P. R. Ghogrey Science College, Dhule (M.S.), India.
Snehal N. Dhawale : Department of Botany, Matoshri Subhadrabai Patil Arts, Science and Late Pandurang Thakare Commerce College, Manora, Dist. Washim (M.S), India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.14

Price: 251

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Ethnomedicinal Assets of Patala (Stereospermum suaveolens Roxb. DC. and Stereospermum colais Buch. -Ham.ex Dillw.) - A Review

By: Vishwatej V. Parkhi , Swati P. Dabhi , Bhupesh R. Patel , Kalpesh B. Panara

Page No : 145-162

Abstract
From the family Bignoniaceae, Stereospermum suaveolens (Roxb.) DC. and Stereospermum colais (Buch.- Ham.ex Dillw.) are source plants for the classical ayurvedic drug named ‘Patala’. It is group member of ten plants known as ‘Dashmoola’. Present review encompasses all the ethnomedicinal information along with the domestic uses available regarding Patala. For this, published ethnomedicinal claims from 32 books related to ethnomedicine, 59 botanical and state floras available in central library of ITRA, Jamnagar and online (website of Botanical Survey of India) and 30 research articles were reviewed till August 2022. Collected data is depicted in tables under the headings like name and place of the reporting area/state and tribes, local names, useful part with indication and method, mode of application external or internal, etc. Stereospermum species are reported in approximately 19 states and 48 tribes of India. Its root-root bark, stem-stem bark, leaves, fruits and seeds are used in 46 disease conditions. Fever, hiccough, asthma, cough are some of its major therapeutic indications. Among the useful parts, root & root bark have maximum claims in 26 disease conditions. Stem & stem bark have 19 disease applications followed by leaves in 12, flowers in 10 and seeds in 3. Parts of Patala also have domestic uses in preparation of dye, drinks, furniture and as fuelwood. This attempt shows multidimensional qualities of Stereospermum species. Its ethnomedicinal claims coincides exactly with its indications in classical Ayurvedic texts and can be incorporated in pharmacological and clinical studies to further strengthen the evidence.

Author :
Vishwatej V. Parkhi : PhD Scholar, Department of Dravyaguna, ITRA, Jamnagar, India.
Swati P. Dabhi : PhD scholar, Department of Dravyaguna, ITRA, Jamnagar, Gujarat.
Bhupesh R. Patel : (MD, PhD Ayu.) Head, Departent of Dravyaguna, ITRA, Jamnagar, Gujarat
Kalpesh B. Panara : (MD, PhD Ayu.) Assistant professor, Department of Dravyaguna, ITRA, Jamnagar, Gujarat.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.15

Price: 251

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Orchid Diversity in Community Managed Subtropical Forests in Khasi Hills of Meghalaya, Northeast India

By: Rajib Borah , Hiranjit Choudhury , Aabid Hussain Mir , Khrote-u Lasushe , Gunjana Chaudhury , Nellie V. Kharbuli , Krishna Upadhaya , Chaya Deori

Page No : 163-175

Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the orchid diversity in community managed subtropical broad-leaved forests in Khasi Hills of Meghalaya. A total of 87 community forests were surveyed in Khasi Hills. The study revealed the presence of 123 species belonging to 54 genera. The highest numbers of species (66) were recorded in sacred forests, followed by reserved (51) and village (32) forests. Majority of the recorded species (87) were epiphytic and 36 were terrestrial. Of all the species, 28 (22.76%) were recorded as endemic and 12 (9.76%) were rare. Dendrobium with 19 species was the dominant genera followed by Coelogyne with 11 species. Owing to a number of anthropogenic disturbances followed by habitat loss, these species are subjected to continuous threat, hence warrants immediate conservation actions. Therefore, it is suggested that mass propagation, through conventional and tissue culture techniques should be adopted to conserve the dwindling orchid diversity of the state.

Authors :
Aabid Hussain Mir, Khrote-u Lasushe and Gunjana Chaudhury
Department of Environmental Studies, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.

Rajib Borah, Nellie V. Kharbuli, Krishna Upadhaya and Hiranjit Choudhury
Department of Basic Sciences and Social Sciences, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.

Chaya Deori : Botanical Survey of India, Eastern Regional Centre, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.16

Price: 251

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Phytochemical Analysis of Dried Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder

By: Sakshi Pathak , Bharti Jain

Page No : 177-184

Abstract
Moringa oleifera is a bio-diversified plant found in many countries of the world specifically tropical and subtropical areas. The leaves of M. oleifera are enormous source of various nutrients and bioactive compounds. These bioactive compounds are secondary metabolites called phytochemicals. The presence of phytochemicals in M. oleifera leaves contributes to its medicinal and therapeutic properties. The present study was carried out with the objective to analyse the content of certain phytochemicals i.e. total phenol content, flavonoids, tanins, saponins, and alkaloids in dried M. oleifera leaves. The analysis was done on the extract of four different dried M. oleifera leaf samples using appropriate methods. It was found that the average content of various phytochemicals in per 100 gm of all four samples was 4.70±0.64 mg of total phenol, 0.58±0.15 mg of flavonoids, 25.27±1.68 mg of alkaloids, 16.02±3.18 mg of saponins and 4.55±0.41 mg of tanins. The highest content was of alkaloids. The presence of these phytochemicals in dried M. oleifera leaves indicates that dried leaf powder of M. oleifera can be used for various pharmacological and medicinal purposes.

Authors :
Sakshi Pathak : Senior Research fellow, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer, India.
Bharti Jain : Professor and Head, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.17

Price: 251

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Evaluation of Adulteration, Caffeine Content, and Antioxidant Activity in Different Black Tea Brands

By: Babita Rana , Sakshi V Ghatge

Page No : 185-190

Abstract 
Tea established as a refreshing stimulant beverage rich in caffeine, sugars, lipids, and aromatic substances demonstrates a wide variation in the quality depending on the type of brand. In this study, five different black tea market brand samples collected from the local market were evaluated for adulterants, caffeine content, and antioxidant activity. Based on the laboratory tests, artificial colors, azo colours, and sand was detected in 80% of tea samples. Caffeine content was determined by the chloroform method. The tea samples exhibited a wide range of antioxidant activity (3.29±1.03 to 15.96±1.2) assayed by the DPPH free radical scavenging method. These investigations could go a long way in promoting the production of quality foodstuff in the larger interest of consumers.

Authors :
Babita Rana and Sakshi V Ghatge
Department of Botany, G N Khalsa College, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.18

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Evaluation of Peroxidases from Various Medicinal Plants

By: Gopa Sarma

Page No : 191-198

Abstract
Peroxidases is an enzyme which is used in various biotechnological techniques. They are found in all plants and utilize either H2 O2 or O2 to oxidise wide variety of molecules. Considering various important uses of peroxidase, the present study deals with the evaluation of peroxidase in few selected medicinal plants like; Clitoria ternate, Brassica oleracea and Physalis minima. Effect of pH and temperature on the kinetics of the enzyme was also studied.

Author :
Gopa Sarma : Department of Botany, Guru Nanak Khalsa College of Arts Science and Commerce, Mumbai, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.19

Price: 251

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Correlation Between Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities of Different Leaf Extracts of Entada rheedi

By: Lekshmy R. Nair , M. Balasubrahmanian

Page No : 199-208

Abstract
The main aim of this study was to determine Total Phenolic Content, Total Flavonoid Content, terpenoid content, steroid content and analyze the antioxidant activity of different leaf extracts of Entada rheedii. Correlation between antioxidant activities and total phenolic content, total flavonoids content, terpenoid content and steroid content were also analyzed. The total phenolic content in E. rheedii hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous leaf extracts were found to be 10.16 mg GAE/g, 24.73 mg GAE/g, 26.11 mg GAE/g, and 24.85 mg GAE/g sample dry weight respectively. The Total flavonoid content of E. rheedii hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous leaf extracts was found to be 8.433 mg QE/g, 8.730 mg QE/g, 8.607 mg QE/g, and 8.545 mg QE/g respectively. Hexane extract showed the highest steroid content at 32.75 g/mL, followed by ethyl acetate extract at 31.37 g/mL. The methanol extract and aqueous extract had the lowest steroid content at 22.2 g/mL and 21.21 g/mL, respectively. Terpenoid content was the highest in hexane extract with 62 mg/100 mg of dry extract, followed by the ethyl acetate extract with 45 mg/100 mg dry extract. The total content of terpenoids in the methanol extract was 25 mg/100 mg dry extract and the total content of terpenoids was lowest in the aqueous extract with 18 mg/100 mg dry extract. In 1-1-diphenyl2-picryl hydrazine Free Radical Scavenging (DPPH) Assay, the methanol extract displayed the highest antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 173.581 µg/mL while the hexane extract showed the lowest activity; with IC50 value of 389.13 µg/mL. Reducing power assay was evaluated and aqueous extract was shown to possess the highest reducing power. Evaluation of total antioxidant capacity by phosphomolybdenum assay indicated that methanol extract had the highest antioxidant capacity. Significant correlations were also found between Total Phenol Content, Total flavonoid Content, and antioxidant activities of different leaf extracts of Entada rheedii.

Authors :
Lekshmy R. Nair : Department of Botany and Biotechnology, KVM College of Arts and Science, Kokkothamangalam, Cherthala, Alappuzha, Kerala, India.
M. Balasubrahmanian :  Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women (Autonomous) Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.20

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Free Radical Scavenging Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Trigonella foenum-graecum: A Study with Reference to Drug Discovery

By: Meesala Guru Sekhar , Kondeti Ramudu Shanmugam , Kanchi Siva Prasad

Page No : 209-214

Abstract
Trigonella foenum-graecum (TG) is one of the important medicinal plant which have antioxidant, antidiabetic, antilipidemic and antimicrobial properties. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the free radical scavenging properties, the total phenolic, total flavonoid content and phytochemical screening of Trigonella foenum-graecum. The antioxidant activities like 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl activity, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and reducing power activities are investigated in the methanolic extract and aqueous extract of TG. Results of this study showed that TG possess good free radical scavenging activity in methanolic extract than aqueous extract. Significant levels of phenolic and flavonoid contents were found in TG. The phytochemicals like alkaloids, tannins, phenolic compounds etc. are present in methanolic extract and aqueous extract of TG. Our investigation indicates that free radical scavenging activities, phenolic and flavonoid compounds in TG may play an important role in reducing the oxidative stress in diseases like diabetes, cancer and heart attack.

Authors :
Meesala Guru Sekhar : Department of Zoology, Government Degree College, Cumbum, Prakasam District, A.P, India.
Kondeti Ramudu Shanmugam : Department of Zoology, PRR & VS Government Degree College, Vidavalur, SPSR Nellore District, A.P, India.
Kanchi Siva Prasad : Department of Zoology, Government Degree College, Gudur, SPSR Nellore District, A.P, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.21

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Foliar Sprays of Salicylic Acid Induce Diosgenin Synthesis in The Leaves of Hellenia Speciosa (J. Koenig) S.R. Dutta

By: Aswindas T.P , Satheesh George

Page No : 215-223

Abstract
hellenia speciosa (J. Koenig) s.r. dutta, commonly known as spiral ginger, is a potent medicinal plant in the family Costaceae. it has a wide range of applications in traditional and modern medicine with many active ingredients. diosgenin is a steroidal sapogenin obtained from h. speciosa. it is commercially used as an important raw material for the synthesis of steroidal drugs. Foliar sprays of salicylic acid (sa) were used to study the induction of diosgenin synthesis in the leaves of h. speciosa. three different concentrations, 1mM, 5mM, and 9mM, were applied on plants grown in shade net houses. after 60 days of weekly sa application, plants were harvested along with rhizome, dried, and extracted in methanol using the soxhlet apparatus. acid hydrolysis was performed to obtain diosgenin in the extract. the highPressure thin layer Chromatography (hPtlC) technique was used to detect the presence of diosgenin in the methanolic extract of leaves. elicitation of diosgenin synthesis was evident in all three extracts obtained from salicylic acid-treated plants. diosgenin was obtained at an rf maximum of 0.58-0.59. the amount of diosgenin was quantified with chromatographic techniques. the maximum quantity of diosgenin was present in the extract treated with 9mM sa. this experiment highlights the effect of stress signals on selected secondary metabolites.

Authors :
Aswindas T.P and Satheesh George
Research Fellow, Department of Botany, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Affiliated to the University of Calicut, Devagiri Calicut, Kerala, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.22

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Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, Quantification of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Potential of Achyranthes aspera L. Leaf Powder

By: Poornima Harikatha , Lakshmi Devi Kodidhela , Jaykumar J. Chavan

Page No : 225-231

Abstract
Plant extracts have been used since ages for the treatment of various ailments in India and their market is growing globally as well. Achyranthes aspera is one such promising plant with known medicinal properties. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening is necessary to evaluate the therapeutic and antioxidant properties of the medicinal plants. In the present study, we evaluated the bioactive chemical constituents and their in vitro antioxidant potential of A. aspera leaf extract in different solvents. The soxhlets of A. aspera leaf powder in different solvents – methanol, ethanol, aqueous and chloroform on phytochemical screening showed positive results for carbohydrates, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides and steroids. Alkaloids and terpenoids are present in all the extracts except in chloroform extract. Total contents phenols (22.282 gm/100 gm) were found higher as compared to total contents of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids. Moreover, all antioxidant assays confirmed the antioxidant potential of leaves of A. aspera. Thus, A. aspera is rich in phytochemicals that are needed for its antioxidant potential against various disorders.

Authors :
Poornima Harikatha and Lakshmi Devi Kodidhela
Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Jaykumar J. Chavan
Department of Botany, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.23

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Analysis and Characterization of Phytochemical Compounds Present in Methanolic Extract of Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser Bark

By: Swati Shikha , Anil Kumar

Page No : 233-237

Abstract
Plants have been used as medicines throughout history due to the presence of therapeutic and healing properties. These medicinal properties of plants lies in phytochemicals present in them. Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser is commonly found ethnomedicinal tree in India and is well known for its therapeutic properties. The present study reports the phytochemical investigation of bark of Neolamarckia cadamba. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is used for the identification and analysis of phytochemicals compounds. Twenty-three major phytochemical compounds were identified in methanolic extract of bark of Neolamarckia cadamba. Some of those were Tetradecanoic acid, n-Hexadecanoic acid, gamma-Sitosterol, Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester, Octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester, Oleic Acid, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural while others were present in comparatively small amount. Identified phytochemicals reported to have numerous pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancerous, antioxidant, anti-hepatotoxic and anti-parasitic. These biological activities show and acknowledge Neolamarckia cadamba as a medicinally important tree.

Authors :
Swati Shikha : Research scholar, University Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.
Anil Kumar : Associate Professor, University Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.24

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Effects of Urea Coated Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles on Enzymatic and Nonenzymatic Antioxidants on Varieties of Brassica juncea L.

By: Alka Walia , Dheera Sanadhya

Page No : 239-248

Abstract
In the present investigation, urea coated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (UHANPs) were synthesized, and characterized by using X-ray diffraction, FESEM, and FTIR techniques. Then, their effects at different concentrations (250 ppm, 500 ppm, 750 ppm, 1000 ppm) were observed for various enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants of two varieties of Brassica juncea L. i.e. GIRIRAJ, and NRCBH101. Those were also weighup with control plants and plants grown in treatments with the same concentrations of urea. Results revealed that synthesized nanoparticles were 23-32 nm in size, and for all the parameters, the antioxidants like NPT, Polychelatins were found to the higher at treatment with 1000 ppm of Urea when compared to others while minimum concentration of these with UHANP (500 ppm). However, SOD increases with higher concentration of UHANPs and urea while other enzymatic antioxidants like APX and catalase declines. However, SOD declined with higher concentration of urea. All the results were statistically compared.

Authors :
Alka Walia and Dheera Sanadhya
School of Life Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.25

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Citrus Fruit Peels: From Waste to Worth

By: Nidhi Parmar , V. H.Patel , Viraj Roghelia

Page No : 249-256

Abstract
Citrus fruits are most commonly consumed fruits. However, the peels of these fruits yield a huge waste. The peels also contain important phytoconstituents. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties of peels of two selected citrus fruits (sweet lime and lemon). The peels were extracted using four solvents namely methanol, ethanol, acetone and distilled water. The extracts were analysed for total phenolic content, flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The result revealed that highest antioxidant profile was found for methanol extract of both sweet lime peel and lemon peel as compared to other extracts. The extracts of peels of sweet lime possessed higher total phenol, flavonoid and FRAP. The antioxidant capacity in terms of DPPH RSA and FRAP were attributed mainly to total phenolics as compared to flavonoids for both the peels. The higher antioxidant potential of peels of selected citrus fruits make them key ingredient for the development of functional foods and other supplementary products.

Authors :
Nidhi Parmar, V. H.Patel and Viraj Roghelia
P. G. Department of Home Science, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.26

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Phytotoxic Effect of Heavy Metals on Growth Parameters of Mung Bean Seeds (Vigna radiata)

By: Asha Rani

Page No : 257-269

Abstract
In this investigation, effect of heavy metals present in city waste water on mung bean seeds was studied. The effluent significantly inhibited the germination, shoot and root length. The increase concentration of different heavy metals present in city waste water reduces the germination percentage, shoot length and root length of the seedlings. Reduction in all these parameters affects the other observed biochemical parameters i.e. chlorophyll content and nitrogen content.

Author :
Asha Rani
Associate Professor, P.G. Department of Botany, Bareilly College, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India

 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.27

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Semi-automatic Vegetable Transplanters: A Review

By: Sandip M. Nage , S. M. Mathur , S. S. Meena , Naveen Kumar C , Virendra Singh , Sunil Joshi

Page No : 271-284

Abstract
The objective of this study was to review the research and development in semi-automatic vegetable transplanters. Discuss the various semi-automatic vegetable transplanters on the basis of metering mechanism, power source, plant spacing, number of rows, field capacity, field efficiency, etc. On the basis of review, it is observed that the transplanting rate, field capacity and field efficiency is better than handheld and traditional method of vegetable transplanting. It maintains the row to row and plant to plant distance and planting depth which helps in after transplanting mechanical practices on the farm. It is effective to increase the production as well as quality of the produce. Also, it saves a lot of time and money.

Authors :
Sandip M. Nage, S. M. Mathur and S. S. Meena
Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur (Rajasthan), India.

Virendra Singh : Department of Horticulture, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur (Rajasthan), India.
Sunil Joshi : , Department of Electronics, College of Technology and Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur (Rajasthan), India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.01.28

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May- to Aug-2023

Honoring Dinesh Chandra Uprety (1945-2023): A Great Teacher, An Outstanding Scientist, and A Wonderful Human Being

By: Sudhir K. Guru , Pallavi Saxena , Leena Borah , Vijay Paul , Rakesh Pandey , Govindjee Govindjee

Page No : 1-13

Abstract
We honor here Dinesh Chandra Uprety (1945-2023), one of the most remarkable plant scientists of India, who devoted most of his life in solving the question of how best to tune the crop plants so that they can serve the growing human population in this world. We have provided here a glimpse of his personal life as well as his remarkable scientific contributions. Also, we provide here reminiscences by a few who had the privilege of knowing him closely. We miss Dinesh Uprety not only for his highly important research for the benefit of us all- but for his friendship to us all. He was a wonderful friend to us, extremely polite and gem of a human being. He was scientist par excellence.

Authors :
Sudhir K. Guru : Department of Plant Physiology, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India.
Pallavi Saxena : Department of Environmental Sciences, Hindu College, University of Delhi, India
Leena Borah : Department of Environmental Biology and Wildlife Sciences, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, India.
Vijay Paul and Rakesh Pandey : Department of Environmental Biology and Wildlife Sciences, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, India.
Govindjee Govindjee : Department of Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, and Center of Biophysics & Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.1

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Reminiscences of Manmohan Manohar Laloraya: A Great Friend to Many, and A Visionary Leader

By: Govindjee Govindjee , Durga Prasad Tiwari , Raghuveer Raj Prasad , Harbans Kaur Kehri , Aishwarya Narain , Daya Prakash Sinha , Sushma Naithani

Page No : 15-30

Abstract
Dr. Manmohan Manohar Laloraya (September 1, 1932- February 18, 2023) was an outstanding teacher, researcher and administrator who mentored many scholars who themselves became leaders. He was gifted with a brilliant mind and unique research career, working with both plants and animals. He had received numerous awards and honours in his lifetime including the distinguished plant physiologist award in 1995, and being the Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences, India. We present below his brief biography, which is followed by his extraordinary research contributions on both plants and animals. We end this “In memoriam” with personal reminiscences of some of his class fellows, research collaborators, and life-long friends, and a 1958 group photograph with many at a conference.

Authors :
Govindjee Govindjee : Department of Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Center of Biophysics & Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
Durga Prasad Tiwari : Department of Botany, Government Science College, Jabalpur, MP, India
Raghuveer Raj Prasad : Pacific Forest Research Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Harbans Kaur Kehri : Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, UP, India
Aishwarya Narain : I-204, Sector-1, SunCity, S. P. Ring Road, South Bopal, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
Daya Prakash Sinha : B-255, Sector 26, Noida, UP, India
Sushma Naithani : Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.2

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Invitro and Mass Multiplication of Cymbidium mastersii an Ornamental Orchid through Protocorm-like Body Formation

By: A. Kavitha , A. Rajani

Page No : 31-38

Abstract
The epiphytic orchid species known as Cymbidium mastersii can only be found in the region of India known as Northeast India. The preservation of wild populations faces a significant obstacle in the form of a significant threat when it comes to the necessity of obtaining an additional source of the material required to fulfil commercial demands. The objective of this research was to build an in vitro system for the bulk multiplication of C. mastersii, and it was successful in that endeavour. This required the capacity to control the growth of the seedlings through the development of the primary protocorm and germination from a limited number of fruit capsules. Also necessary was the ability to limit the amount of fruit capsules that could be used. Each protocorm resulted in the production of a number of robust plantlings that, once they had been separated from their mother plant, flourished in the conditions of the greenhouse. The child plants, in terms of both their size and the development they underwent, were genetically identical to their parent plant. The streamlined process will make it possible to cultivate Cymbidium mastersii for use in the commercial sector, which will reduce the negative influence on remaining viable wild populations. We offer here for the very first time a method of producing C. mastersii on a commercial scale that makes use of bioreactor technology.

Authors :
A. Kavitha and A. Rajani
Department of Botany and Food & Nutrition, RBVRR Women’s College, Narayanaguda, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.3

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An Ethnobotanical Study of Important Woody Medicinal Plants of Jalaun District of Bundelkhand Region

By: Ajay Kumar , R. K. Verma

Page No : 39-48

Abstract
The present investigation deals with the folk knowledge of important woody medicinal plants species that are used by the rural folks of the five sites of Jalaun district of Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh, India for the management of different kinds of ailments, found in these sites. The majority of the common vegetation in the Jalaun district is represented by tropical dry deciduous forest and scrub thorn forest. The ethnobotanical investigation revealed 51 woody plant species belonging to 46 genera and 31 families. In this investigation Caesalpiniaceae (5 sp.) was the dominant family followed by Mimosaceae, Moraceae (4 sp. each), Apocynaceae, Boraginaceae and Fabaceae (3 sp. each). Acacia catechu, Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica, Albizia lebbeck, Bauhinia variegata, Calotropis gigantea, Terminalia arjuna, Aegle marmelos, Justicia adhatoda, Ziziphus mauritiana and Dalbergia sissoo were the most common plant species in the district. The investigation reveals that there is not any involvement of younger generation in this research so such knowledge is at the risk of disappearance in the future.

Authors :
Ajay Kumar and R. K. Verma
Department of Botany, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.4

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Cyathodium denticulatum (Cyathodiaceae; Marchantiophyta): A Rare Species New to Bryoflora of Jharkhand, India

By: SK. Rasidul Islam , Amal Kumar Mondal , Devendra Singh

Page No : 49-54

Abstract
Cyathodim denticulatum Udar & S.C.Srivast. has been discovered for the first time from Jharkhand, earlier recorded from the Eastern Himalaya (Darjeeling) and Central India (Chhattisgarh) only. A detailed taxonomic description along with illustration, ultrastructure of spores and elaters are provided herewith.

Authors :
SK. Rasidul Islam and Amal Kumar Mondal : Plant Taxonomy, Biosystematics and Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, UGC-DRS-SAP & DBT-BOOST WB Supported Department, Department of Botany & Forestry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India.
Devendra Singh : Botanical Survey of India, AJC Bose Indian Botanic Garden, Howrah, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.5

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Barium Promoted Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Higher Plants in Solution Culture

By: Lokesh Kumar Choudhary , A. Kumar

Page No : 55-62

Abstract
The effects of various concentrations of barium (Ba) on seed germination and early seedling growth of wheat and mung bean were studied. Ba influenced the seedling growth of wheat and mung bean in similar fashion. Ba enhanced the germination relative index at lower concentration (upto 10 μg ml-1). The relative yield of biomass increased at lower doses of Ba and decreased at higher concentration (>100 μg ml-1). Lower applied doses of Ba showed a maximum index of tolerance while higher applied doses of metal showed a toxic effect on plant growth. The toxic effect of barium on mung bean was more marked than on wheat.

Authors :
Lokesh Kumar Choudhary and A. Kumar
Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan. Jaipur, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.6

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Unravelling the Mode of Action of Wound Healing Efficiency with the Compounds Screened from Hygrophila auriculata by Molecular Docking Studies

By: Deepika E , Santhy KS

Page No : 63-76

Abstract
Hygrophila auriculata is one of the traditional herbal plants utilized by many rural folks to heal wounds. According to the traditional knowledge, the roots of the plant would be highly effective for wound healing. The plant-based secondary metabolites remain an essential aspect in developing novel drug candidates. The early screening of bioactive compounds for a therapeutic property would be strongly evidenced to carry out the in vitro and in vivo studies. The current study focuses on screening bioactive compounds involved in wound healing using in silico molecular docking studies. The LCMS analysis of H. auriculata yielded about 15 compounds in positive and negative modes with the greatest medicinal properties. The drug-likeness, physicochemical properties, and bioactivity scores were evaluated for 15 compounds using SWISS ADME online tool. The compounds that indicate drug like properties and adhere to the permissible parameters are epiafzelechin, betulin, caffeic acid 3-glucoside, quercetin, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, chlorogenic acid, myristic acid, and 5, P coumaroyl quinic acid implying to be a cell-permeable and orally active drug. The bioactivity scores indicated that the compounds to be highly active. The binding affinities were checked with the wound pathogenic proteins such as Elastase, Glycogen synthase kinase-3β, gelatinase, and collagenase. The compounds that fall within the drug-likeness limit were further evaluated for ADMET properties and predicted that majority compounds are nontoxic and easily absorbed. The docking score ranged from -1.56 kcal/mol to -9.65 kcal/mol which exhibited the strongest binding affinity. The effective binding of compounds like epiafzelechin, betulin, kaempferol-7-O-Glucoside, linoleic acid, chlorogenic acid, and quercetin with these proteins provides evidence for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanism that promotes wound healing of Hygrophila auriculata root.

Authors :
Deepika E and Santhy KS : Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.7

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Biochemical Changes due to Pathogenesis in French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Infected by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn

By: Nikita Deka , Rajashree Bordoloi , Dipanjali Devi , Phatik Tamuli

Page No : 77-81

Abstract
French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) belongs to the family Fabaceae and is native to South America. French bean has evolved from wild growing vine distributed in the high lands of Middle America and Andes. This important legume crop is grown for its dry grain and tender pods in North-Western India. This offseason crop can be successfully raised under Punjab conditions during winter season which fetches higher price in the market and economical to the farmers when there is no availability of green pods from high altitude. It is widely cultivated in tropics, sub-tropics and temperate regions. When bean plant infected by fungal, bacterial or any other pathogen, different alternations are observed. The present study was carried out in the department of Botany, Darrang college to compare the biochemical changes occurring in bean plants growing in normal soil, and sterilized soil mixed with fungus Rhizoctonia solani.

Authors : 
Nikita Deka, Rajashree Bordoloi and Dipanjali Devi : PG Department of Botany, Darrang College, Tezpur, Assam, India
Phatik Tamuli : Lanka Mahavidyalaya, Hojai, Assam, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.8

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Hepatoprotective Plants used in Ayurveda System- A Review

By: Jyothi S.T , Niranjan M.H

Page No : 83-91

Abstract
Liver is an essential organ of our body. Bile secretion, detoxification, metabolism of fat and carbohydrates, storage of proteins, vitamins, iron and glycogen are the vital functions of the liver. Liver involves the biochemical pathways like supply of nutrients, growth, reproduction and production of energy. Liver injury is caused by certain antibiotics, carbontetrachloride, chemotherapeutic agents, thioacetamide, chronic alcohol consumption, antitubercular drugs, autoimmune diseases and microbes. Corticosteroid and immunosuppressive agents are used as drugs but they have adverse effects. Though these are developments in allopathy, there is no effective medicine that enhances hepatic function and protects liver. In Ayurveda system, plant materials have been used to protect liver injuries. Herbal medicines have gained popularity because they are easily available, safe, efficient and cost effective. The current research work laid down avenues to the production of novel herbal medicines for jaundice and reports the work on Ayurveda plants that have been proved and tested in hepatotoxicity.

Authors :
Jyothi S.T : Research Scholar,Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Shivagangotri, Davangere University, Davangere
Niranjan M.H : Associate Professor, Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Shivagangotri, Davangere University, Davangere.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.9

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Effect of Various Solvents Extraction on the Antioxidant and Aldose Reductase Inhibition Activities of the Tamarind Leaves (Tamarindus indica L.)

By: V. H.Patel , Khushbu Dalwadi

Page No : 93-99

Abstract
Diabetes and its complications are major causes of illness and death all over the world. Present study aimed to evaluate the effect of varying polarity solvents on the extraction of tamarind leaves antioxidant polyphenols and in vitro aldose reductase inhibition. In all the extracts, total phenol, total flavonoids, antioxidant activities, and in vitro aldose reductase inhibition activity were measured. Distilled water extract had the highest phenolic content, flavonoid content, DPPH-RSA, ABTS-RSA, and aldose reductase inhibition among all the extracts while the aqueous methanol extract showed the highest FRAP value among all the extracts. A positive Pearson’s correlation existed between total polyphenol content and antioxidant activities. Significant Pearson’s correlation was found between aldose reductase and polyphenol compounds. Overall, distilled water was the most effective solvent for polyphenol extraction and had the highest aldose reductase inhibition of all the tamarind leaves solvents. Thus, tamarind leaves can be used as nutraceuticals to show beneficial effects to minimize diabetic secondary complications.

Authors :
Khushbu Dalwadi and V.H. Patel : Laboratory of Foods and Nutrition, P. G. Department of Home Science, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidhyanagar, Gujarat, India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.10

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Ethno-medicinally Important Plants Utilized in Therapeutic Remedies on Various Ailments Found in Different Tribes of Dadra and Nagar Haveli (UT), India

By: Dhale D. A. , Vijaykumar P. Patil , Mayuri C. Rathod

Page No : 101-112

Abstract
The forest areas in Union territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli (U.T.’s of DNH) has a wide variety of flora available, which contains several medicinal values known to the local tribes. Hence, it was thought of interest to survey the area for such plants and study their therapeutic values. An ethnomedicinal survey at a different remote area among the local communities of forest was carried out and details of the plants used in the folk medicine in Dadra and Nagar Haveli is presented in this work. Ethnobotanical surveys were made frequently for few years in favorable seasons of plants. Plants were identified by experts or by using established Flora. Details tabulated enumeration of 29 Genera with 30 Species belonging to 19 Angiosperm families have been studied. The verbal data of medicinal practices by tribals during survey has been gathered to record the plants being used traditionally by tribes to treat common human ailments such as common cold, fever, headache, hair and cutaneous eruptions, dental problems, complications in digestive, respiratory, circulatory, excretory, nervous, orthopedic and venomous bites, etc. The information on ethnomedicinal uses of plants has been presented with their scientific names, habits, local name with site, present status, plant parts used in treatment with suitable methods. The plants with ethnobotanical value identified in this study needs immediate conservation, plantation and rearing of endangered species at their natural habitats or also farming to local level.

Authors :
Vijaykumar P. Patil : Department of Botany, M. G. Science Institute, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
Dhale D. A. : Department of Botany, S.S.V.P.S.’s, L. K. Dr. P. R. Ghogrey Science College, Dhule, India
Mayuri C. Rathod : Bio-technology Department, Veer Narmad South Gujrat University, Udhna-magdalla road, Surat, Gujarat, India.

 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.11

Price: 251

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Morphological Diversity of an Underutilized and Wild Edible Fruit (Cordia) Species in Three Districts of Bastar Region of Chhattisgarh, India

By: Sharad Nema , Neeta Dandsena

Page No : 113-122

Abstract
The multipurpose deciduous tree Cordia dichotoma belongs to the family Boraginaceae and it is variously called as Glueberry, Goonda, Lasora and locally as ‘Bohaar’ in Bastar (Chhattisgarh). The diversity in morphological traits in Cordia species were marked and identified at different locations of three districts of Bastar region to assess phenotypic morphological variation and to estimate genotypic and phenotypic variability for various morphological traits of fruits for future use. The quantitative traits like fruit weight, length, and diameter are important quality traits in many horticultural crops are used in genetic diversity studies. The underutilized fruits are advantageous crops being hardy in nature and tolerate extreme climatic conditions and possess high potential to provide nutritional and social benefits. The present investigation is performed for the identification, morphological analysis and diversity exploration with respect to food value of underutilized and wild edible fruit Cordia dichotoma found in the Bastar region of Chhattisgarh. A Total of ten numbers of representative trees of Cordia species from each district were selected for morphological and silvicultural studies. It is found that genotype of Cordia has morphological variations in the region. Two species of Cordia i.e., Cordia obliqua and Cordia dichotoma were taken for the study. This study revealed that source/provenance Jagdalpur and Dantewada had Cordia species with better fruit size than district Kondagaon source, also morphological variations of Cordia species in different sources or provenance with respect to fruit fresh weight, pulp weight, peel weight, pulp and peel ratio revealed that Cordia dichotoma G. Forst has better fruit size and pulp percentage.

Authors :
Neeta Dandsena and Sharad Nema : School of Studies (Forestry and Wildlife), Shaheed Mahendra Karma Vishwavidyalaya, Bastar, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh, India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.12

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Comparative Floristic Analysis of Angiosperms of Bundi District– A Part of Haroti Plateau (Rajasthan)

By: O. P. Sharma

Page No : 123-131

Abstract
Plant diversity plays an important role in the life of human beings, by way of providing many valuables produces. They help in maintaining the biodiversity in an ecosystem. Abundant species diversity is essential for wealth of natural ecosystems and environment of the area. The present paper highlights comprehensive data on the current status of angiosperms diversity of Bundi district. The flora of Bundi comprises 629 species of angiosperms belonging to 381 genera under 104 families. The area shows much diversity of geographical forms and ecosystem ranges. This district is rich in scenic beauty and biodiversity. The ten dominant families of the area have been compared with those of adjacent areas as well as Upper-gangetic plain, North Gujrat and Delhi. The present work provides comparative analysis among angiosperms families, genera and species.

Author :
O. P. Sharma : Professor, Head Department of Botany, Government College, Bundi, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.13

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Effect of FYM, Phosphorus and PSB on Growth and Productivity of Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] as Influenced by Different Levels of FYM, Phosphorus and PSB

By: Devendra Jain , Prahlad Ram Raiger , Ram Hari Meena , Hanuman Prasad Parewa , Ummed Singh , Gajanand Jat , Laxmi Narayan Mahawer , Subhash Chand Meena , Azad Mordia , Uma Nath Shukla

Page No : 133-139

Abstract
Nutrient management has been a major constraint in mungbean cultivation, resulting in huge economic losses to farmers. Field experiments for two consecutive years were conducted at Instructional Farm of College of Agriculture, Jodhpur to evaluate the effects of different levels of Farm Yard Manure (FYM), phosphorus and bio-inoculants on growth and yield performance of mungbean during 2019 and 2020. The results revealed that application of FYM @5 t ha-1 significantly enhanced plant height, dry matter accumulation, seed and stover yield as compared to without application of FYM. Meanwhile, aggregate levels of phosphorus up to 100% resulted significantly increased in all growth parameters, seed and stover yield as compared to control. Similarly, significant enhancement in growth parameters, seed and stover yields was observed with seed inoculation either with Enterobacter cloacae or Bacillus amyloliquefaciens over no-inoculation during 2019 and 2020, respectively.

Authors :
Prahlad Ram Raiger,Gajanand Jat ​​, Subhash Chand Meena and Ram Hari Meena : Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, Rajasthan College of Agriculture (MPUAT), Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Uma Nath Shukla : College of Agriculture, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
Hanuman Prasad Parewa : College of Agriculture, Sumerpur, Pali, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
Ummed Singh : College of Agriculture, Baytu, Barmer, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
Devendra Jain : Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture (MPUAT), Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Laxmi Narayan Mahawer : Department of Horticulture, Rajasthan College of Agriculture (MPUAT), Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Azad Mordia : Department of Statistics, Rajasthan College of Agriculture (MPUAT), Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.14

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Analysis of Genetic Diversity among Populations of an Endangered Medicinal Plant Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari (Guggul) using Molecular Markers

By: Priyanka Vyas , Sunil K Jaiswal , Vinod Joshi , Bennet Angel , Annet Angel , Uzma Manzoor , Amarjeet Yadav , Ramesh Joshi

Page No : 141-152

Abstract
Commiphora wightii has massive economic value and a wide array of medicinal uses in both ancient and modern therapeutics. It has been observed that the number of C. wightii populations in Rajasthan are declining substantially because of anthropogenic activities in the form of over-exploitation for resin and fuel. Very limited molecular studies have been reported on the molecular characterization of Commiphora wightii at national and international level. The present investigation aims to assess the genetic diversity within and among different populations to determine the relationship of genetic variability with geographical distribution of Rajasthan and to offer genetic resource information for future meaningful implementation of conservation programs applicable for C. wightii. The present study comprised of 11 RAPD markers generated 37 loci of which two were polymorphic with an average 4.85% DNA polymorphism. The maximum polymorphism (33.33%) was detected for OPU-8 marker. Similarly, 9 ISSR markers generated 47 loci of which 10 were polymorphic with an average 22.11% DNA polymorphism. The maximum polymorphism (33.33%) was observed for ISSR marker 811P, 814P and UBC857. Jaccard’s similarity coefficient varied from 0.55-1.00 among the populations of Commiphora wightii using all the ISSR marker, while it ranges 0.20-0.95 for RAPD markers. The row dendrogram constructed using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages or UPGMA with a SAHN module of the NTSYS software which showed a phenetic representation of genetic relationships as revealed by the similarity coefficient for all the ISSR and RAPD profiles.

Authors :
Priyanka Vyas : Mahila PG Mahavidyalaya, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
Sunil K Jaiswal, Amarjeet Yadav and Ramesh Joshi : School of Agricultural Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, India
Vinod Joshi, Bennet Angel and Annet Angel : School of Basic Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, India
Uzma Manzoor : School of Agriculture, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, UP, India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.15

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Natural Gum and Resin Bearing Plant Taxa in Telangana, India: A Qualitative Method of Data Collection

By: Omkar Kanneboyena , Sateesh Suthari , M. Tarakeswara Naidu , E. Kiran , Avire Ramana Rao , Sreeramulu Nallella

Page No : 153-166

Abstract
Natural resins, gums (NRGs) are the most extensively used and traded non-timber forest products (NTFPs) other than directly consumed products. The present field-based study reports the natural gum, resin and gum-resin yielding plants and the specific parts from which the products extract from plants by local people in Telangana, India. The result of the present report reveals ninety plant taxa belong to 63 genera and 23 families that predominated by Fabaceae with 36 plant taxa, followed by Malvaceae (12 spp.), Combretaceae, Anacardiaceae and Rubiaceae (5 spp. each), Arecaceae (Palmae) (4 spp.), and about thirteen families with single species each. Telangana is one of the most important contributors and collectors of NRGs from Firmiana simplex, Anogeissus latifolia, Cochlospermum religiosum and Boswellia serrata in India to generate maximum commerce. The present study outcome can be used by policy makers, scientific community, forest authorities and local people for bio-discovery of plant-based gums and resins sustainably.

Authors :
Sateesh Suthari : Centre for Floristic & Ethnobotanical Studies, Department of Botany, Vaagdevi Degree & PG College, Hanamkonda, Telangana, India.
Omkar Kanneboyena and Avire Ramana Rao : Department of Botany, Kakatiya Government College, Hanamkonda, Telangana, India.
E. Kiran : Department of Botany, Telangana University, Nizamabad, Telangana, India.
M. Tarakeswara Naidu : Department of Botany, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
Sreeramulu Nallella : Department of Botany, Kakatiya Mahila Degree & PG College, Hanamkonda, Telangana, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.16

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Evaluation of Aeromycoflora of Satish Pradhan Dnyanasadhana College Library, Thane, Maharashtra, India

By: Umesh B. Kakde , Aasawari A. Tak , Bhushan Langi , Chaitali Patil , Sarita Hajirnis

Page No : 167-171

Abstract
Fungi with wide range of diverse group are the primary component of environment. Environmental conditions like humidity, temperature, light, moisture are some major factors for their sustainable growth and diversity. The cellulite activity causes the maximum deterioration to library books, covers, materials, binding of papers. Fungal spores also known for many allergic diseases like respiratory syndromes, allergy to the library workers, members and readers. As library is the basic source of most of the cellulosic fungi, as it provides ambient temperature and moisture for their proliferation. The study investigated at the two different intervals of weeks in a month. In this study it revealed that resulted the most abundant species were: Aspergillus spp. (32.3%), spp. (13.8%), Alternaria spp. (23%), Cladosporium sp. (4.6%), Trichoderma species (7%), Chaetomium (1.2%) etc.

Authors :
Aasawari A. Tak, Chaitali Patil and Sarita Hajirnis : Department of Botany, Satish Pradhan Dnyanasadhana College, Thane, Mumbai, India
Umesh B. Kakde : Department of Botany, The Institute of Science, Mumbai, India.
Bhushan Langi : Department of Chemistry, Satish Pradhan Dnyanasadhana College, Thane, Mumbai, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.17

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Nobel Gold Nanoparticle Fabrication using the Eco-friendly Technique

By: Vadiraj B Tangod

Page No : 173-181

Abstract
Fabrication of Nobel gold nanoparticles using green nanotechnology and eco-friendly chemistry is carried out with Cupressus sempervirens leaf extract as a reducing and capping agent. This technology helps us to reduce the use of toxic reducing reagents and is eco-friendly, cost-effective, and large-scale production is possible due to the abundant availability of greenery products. This would take science and technology to a rapid and amazing advancement in the production of agricultural and industrial products, improved and durable materials. In this communication, we approached the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Cupressus sempervirens extract, which contains phytochemicals that reduce the gold salt into gold nanoparticles. These phytochemicals are not hazardous to human health. So, gold nanoparticles are used in new drugs for chronic and dreaded diseases like cancer, as an antibiotic, immunity booster, and in many industrial applications. Further, characterised and synthesised molecules are tested for their stability with various components like temperature, time, and reaggregation.

Author :
Vadiraj B Tangod : Associate Professor and Head of Department of Physics, Government First Grade College for Women’s College Opposite to R N Shetty Stadium Office, Dharwad, Karnataka, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.18

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A Review on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Activities of Callistemon viminalis

By: Priyanka Namdeo , Hemant K Sharma

Page No : 183-195

Abstract
Callistemon viminalis belongs to the family Myrtaceae and also known as bottlebrush which is or found throughout in India. It has a remarkable place in Ayurvedic medicine of India, due to presence of phytoconstituents and pharmacological activities. Callistemon species as a farm tree are planted for forestry or ornamental purposes and for weed as well. In traditional Chinese medicines, C. viminalis is used for treating hemorrhoids. Hot drink locally ‘tea’ in Jamaica from C. viminalis has been used for the treatment of gastroenteritis, diarrhea and skin infections. The phytochemical research carried out on C. viminalis extracts and showed that the plant is rich in phenolics, triterpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, alkaloids, tannin, carbohydrates, amino acids and proteins compounds. The investigated pharmacological studies reported the presence of anti-inflammatory, Alzheimer, hemolytic activity, anthelmintic, anti-oxidant property, anti-bacterial, antifungal and hepatoprotective activities in C. viminalis.

Authors :
Priyanka Namdeo and Hemant K Sharma : School of Pharmacy, Sri Satya Sai University of Technology and Medical Sciences, Sehore (M.P.), India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.19

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Conservation and Large Scale Propagation of a Valuable Ornamental Aquatic Plant, Echinodorus argentinensis Rataj through Micropropagation

By: Sheeja George E , Aneykutty Joseph , Alphy Korath

Page No : 197-202

Abstract
A protocol was standardized for large scale propagation through multiple shoot proliferation from the basal buds of Echinodorus argentinensis, an ornamental aquatic plant. Explants were treated for 15 minutes with commercial bleach (containing 0.825% Sodium hypochlorite as active ingredient) which was diluted with distilled water to a concentration of 15%; and were then dipped for a second in 100% ethanol to obtain axenic cultures. The axenic basal buds initiated shoot formation within a week when cultured on full strength Murashige & Skoog medium (MS medium) supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP). Number of shoots produced per explant was maximum (2.5672 shoots per explant p< 0.05) on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP. Shoots were elongated considerably in all the media tried for shoot multiplication and maximum elongation (2.87 cm, p< 0.05) of the in vitro developed shoots was observed on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP in combination with 0.1 mg/l Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Root regeneration was observed on all the shoot regeneration media and the highest number of roots/shoot (3.4568 roots per shoot) was obtained on MS medium devoid of any kind of plant growth regulators. The plantlets developed in vitro were subjected to acclimatization procedure and were finally planted in the aquarium. The protocol is ready for commercialization.

Authors :
Sheeja George E : Post Graduate Department of Botany, Sree Narayana College, Cherthala, Alappuzha district, Kerala, India.
Aneykutty Joseph : Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology, Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science & Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, Kerala, India
Alphy Korath : School of Management & Entrepreneurship, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, Kerala, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.20

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Nutritional Values and Antioxidant Activity of Wild and Cultivated Banana Pseudostems from Manipur, North Eastern India

By: Thokchom Sonia Devi , Padmaraj Gajurel , Sorokhaibam Sureshkumar Singh

Page No : 203-211

Abstract
Young and fresh banana pseudostems of (Musa sp.) locally known as “Laphu” (Manipuri) are sold in the local markets and consumed as a common vegetable in Manipur. Despite high economic value and consumption, the nutritional values of banana pseudostems have not been studied. The present study evaluated the nutritional values and antioxidant activity of four highly consumed banana pseudostems [MN13 (Meitei Hei), MN14 (Maring Hei), MN15 (Ningol Hei) and MN20 (Ching Laphu)] found in different parts of Manipur. Two of the cultivated banana pseudostems (MN13 and MN15) were identified as Musa acuminata, MN14 as Musa hybrid cultivar and MN20 as Musa balbisiana of the family Musaceae. The total sugar (0.99 %), reducing sugar (0.57 %), starch (39.22%) and amino acid (23.94 μg/mg) contents were recorded highest in MN14. Non-reducing sugar (0.57 %), crude protein (12.84 %), ash content (30.63%), total phenolic content (23.31 ug GAE/mg) and flavonoid (15μg RE/mg) were found highest in MN20. Among minerals, the highest values of N content was recorded in MN20 (2.05%), P in MN13 (400.78 mg/100g), K in MN14 (42.88 mg/100g) and Na (1.14 mg/100g) in MN15. The antioxidant properties of the pseudostems were found to be very low in all samples as compared to cow pea (31.56%), ascorbic acid (65.86%) and gallic acid (69.2%). The present study reveals that the two banana pseudostems, MN14 (Musa hybrid cultivar) and MN20 (Musa balbisiana) were found to possess the highest nutritional contents based on mineral and dietary values. Further, studies may lead to the development of a suitable management strategy for conservation and sustainable utilization of MN20 as an important vegetable in the future.

Authors :
Thokchom Sonia Devi and Padmaraj Gajurel : Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science & Technology, Nirjuli, Arunachal Pradesh, India.
Sorokhaibam Sureshkumar Singh : Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, Manipur, India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.21

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An Overview on Ethnomedicinal Uses of Aloe vera Plant

By: Ushashee Mandal , Swagat Kumar Mallick , Gyanranjan Mahalik , Binod Kumar Mohapatra

Page No : 213-217

Abstract
Plants are utilized as nutrition, medicine, livestock farming, and construction material. A medicinal plant contains unique bioactive substances that provides a unique set of characteristics and purpose. Aloe vera is a succulent plant that thrives in desert and subtropical areas. It is utilized in Ayurveda, Homoeopathic, and Allopathic systems of medicine for its therapeutic benefits. People from many different cultures have used since a very long time, and among of its traditional uses include applications to lessen sweating, oral doses for diabetes, and treatment of a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. Moreover, it is employed to treat oral herpes, small injuries, burn wounds, and seborrhea dermatitis. Aloe vera appears to treat a number of diseases because of its abilities to heal wounds, boost immunity, fight against diabetes and other diseases, serve as a laxative, and have antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activities. Utilization of Aloe vera in dietary, drug and corrective arrangements draw consideration for age of logical data. Focusing on the significance of organically dynamic parts moved by the leaves of the Aloe vera plant and its broad use, it has become basic that, the leaf ought to be handled determined to hold fundamental bioactive parts. Hence, therapeutic uses of the plant have explicitly utilized for medicine and skin care product.

Authors :
Swagat Kumar Mallick and Gyanranjan Mahalik : Department of Botany, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India.
Ushashee Mandal and Binod Kumar Mohapatra : Department of Botany, Prananath Autonomous College, Odisha, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.22

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Pharmacognostical Assessment, Antioxidant Ability and Determination of Phytomolecules using GC-MS in Gloriosa superba Linn

By: Anupriya Singh , Ashwani Kumar , Dev Nath Singh Gautam

Page No : 219-228

Abstract
Gloriosa superba Linn (family Colchicaceae) is a tendril climber with cylindrical and V or L shaped rhizomes that has received much attention due to its ancient pharmacological uses and being a rich source of colchicine. The pharmacognostical profile of leaf, stem and rhizome were analysed to assure the grade of raw material in the proposed investigation. Moreover, the antioxidant capacity of ethanolic rhizome extract of G. superba (EREG) was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging assay. Simultaneously, we have evaluated the phytochemical profile of EREG by GC-MS and total phenolic content was performed as well. Transverse section (TS) of rhizome revealed thin layer of brownish scales that fabricate the outer skin. In addition, the cortical area made up of homogeneous fleshy and parenchymal cells filled with starch granules which is one of the superabundant diagnostic features of this plant. Pharmacognostical profile of leaf, stem and rhizome of the plant demonstrated the evidence of authenticity of this plant. Anti-scavenging capacity (IC50) and total phenolic content was 77.20% and 9.54 mg, GAE/g, respectively. The GC-MS library identified two phytoconstituents as diethyl phthalate (100% peak area) and arsenous acid, tris(trimethylsilyl) ester (22.68% peak area) whose vast benefits are reported in the fields of pharmaceuticals, industry and personal care products. Frivolous research work in the field of pharmacognosy, antioxidant ability and instrumental analysis for phytomolecules provides a vast avenue for research on G. superba.

Authors :
Anupriya Singh and Dev Nath Singh Gautam : Ph.D., Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Ashwani Kumar : Professor (Retd.), Department of Botany and PG School of Biotechnology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.23

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In vitro Flowering in Aerva lanata (L) Juss. Ex. Schult

By: Rajanna. L. , Nagaveni C

Page No : 229-234

Abstract
Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex-Schultz, is a medicinally important herbal plant with many medicinal properties like the antihyperglycaemic, lithotriptic, urolithic, antibiotic, antihelmintic, antihyperlipidemic, antimicrobial and hepatoprotective activity that intrigued us to study and propagate this plant. As the plant displayed challenges in propagation by conventional methods, especially during the off-season, the in vitro multiplication method was deployed. During this experimentation, in vitro flowering for two consecutive years both during the on-season and off-season was recorded. L2 media fortified with 2.5 mg/L IBA, and 1.5 mg/L BAP emerged as the best media for proliferation and direct organogenesis. Resultant shoots were subcultured onto similar media fortified with 1 mg/L GA3 to get elongated inflorescences. As flowers and inflorescences are of great medicinal importance, these results aid in sustaining the plant during the off-season and find its application accordingly.

Authors :
Nagaveni C and Rajanna. L : Department of Botany, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.24

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Bio-Efficacy of Flavonoid Phytocompound Isolated From Acmella Calva (Dc.) R.K. Jansen

By: P. Shanthi , K. Priyadharshni

Page No : 235-243

Abstract
The phytocompound 5,7,3’,4’–Flavon-3-ol isolated and characterized through spectral studies was analyzed for its anticariogenic activity through disc diffusion method and In-silico analysis. It was carried against dental caries causing microbes such as Streptococcus mutans at different concentration (20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 μg/ml) of which the maximum zone of inhibition was noticed at 160 μg/ml. In in-silico analysis, the molecular docking of phytocompound was analyzed against 4 proteins of the pathogen which were retrieved from PDB database. The phytocompound 5,7,3’,4’ – Flavon-3-ol showed good response against all proteins. Among these, the highest ligand and protein interaction was noticed in 3AIE protein of Streptococcus mutans. The flavonoid compound was tested for its drug likeness and ADME/T properties. The results revealed that the compound accepted the three rule out of four in Lipinski rule of five. ADME properties and toxicity of the phytocompound showed oral bioavailability which are under permissible limit. From the present investigation, it was proved that the phytocompound 5,7,3’,4’–Flavon-3-ol is harmless and effect potent against dental caries causing microbes.

Authors :
K. Priyadharshni : Reseach scholar, Department of Botany, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
P. Shanthi : Dean of Life Science, Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.25

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News Report : 
​​​​​​​Acampe rigida (Buchanan-Hamilton ex Smith) P. F. Hunt: New Record for Rajasthan State, India

By: Neelam Poonar , Jai Singh , Shikha Gupta , Manmohan Arya , Smita Raskar , Amit Kotiya

Page No : 245-248

Abstract
This article deals with Acampe rigida (Orchidaceae) first-time distribution records from the state of Rajasthan. A brief description, phenology, habitat notes and photographs are provided.

Authors :
Jai Singh, Shikha Gupta, Manmohan Arya, Neelam Poonar, Smita Raskar and Amit Kotiya : Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2023.39.02.26

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Jan-2022 to Jun-2022

Editorial
Climate Change and Health and Ayush : Curcuma and COVID-19 

By: Ashwani Kumar

Page No : (i-ii)

Price: 500

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Life of Govindjee, known as Mister Photosynthesis

By: Joy E. Block

Page No : 1-22

Abstract
This article presents autobiographical memories of Govindjee Govindjee, from his life in Allahabad (India) to Urbana, Illinois (USA). It includes his life in India, especially sections on his family and upbringing; his experiences in his adopted country, the USA; and a bit on his research life. For further information on Govindjee’s academic life, see, e.g., Govindjee (2019a) and Stirbet et al. (2020); also see messages on his 88th birthday and 20-years of his retired life in Eaton-Rye et al. (2020). This article begins with my prologue; the rest of it is an edited text based on Govindjee’s responses in a 2016 interview.

Author :
Joy E. Block : United States History Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.1

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Letter to the Editor
Frederick Robert (Bob) Whatley (1924-2020): Co-discoverer of Photophosphorylation in Chloroplasts and much more

By: Govindjee Govindjee

Page No : 23-29

Abstract
I present here a personal reminiscence of the life and research of Frederick Robert (Bob) Whatley (January 26, 1924–November 14, 2020). He was responsible for showing that chloroplasts are complete units for oxygenic photosynthesis and that ‘photophosphorylation’ is what is common between anoxygenic and oxygenic photosynthesis. He had an innovative nature and exploited many biophysical and biochemical techniques to understand, in depth, the regulatory nature of photosynthesis. Bob Whatley was a self-sufficient, thorough, quiet, and confident scientist, but he was ‘self-effacing’ and never ever “blew his own horn”. My presentation is mingled a bit, at places, with my own thoughts – to give it a ‘personal’ touch.

Author :
Govindjee Govindjee : Department of Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, and Center of Biophysics & Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.1.2

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Curcuma longa Linn.: A Medicinal Plant with Therapeutic Potential against COVID-19

By: Anupriya Singh , Jyoti Singh , Gangeshwar Kumar Tripathi , Ashwani Kumar , Yuan-Yeu Yau , Dev Nath Singh Gautam

Page No : 31-63

Abstract 
COVID-19 had been declared a pandemic in March 2020. The disease has caused destruction all around the world. Symptomatic treatment, supportive care, isolation and experimental measure are the most important ways to manage this disease. However, 81% of the COVID-19 patients showed mild-to-moderate symptoms such as fever, cough, nasal congestion, fatigue, sore throat, loss of smell and loss of taste etc. Patients with mild-to-moderate symptoms may not need hospitalization because most of them will be able to manage their sickness at home through medication or supportive care. It will be useful to take both preventive measures and substances that boost the immunity while rest at home. Ministry of AYUSH in India recommended several approaches for preventive health care to boost immunity and respiratory health: following yoga and meditation plus intake of a few medicinal-plant-based compounds such as those from turmeric (Curcuma longa), cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum) etc., once or twice a day. C. longa has been one of the most commonly used remedy for symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic in India. Based on existing scientific evidences, C. longa has been proved to be a potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antioxidant source, as well as a medicinal plant effective for respiratory disorders. In this review, scientific evidence of C. longa phytochemicals responsible for pharmacological activities are presented using in silico, in vitro and in vivo models. This review also discusses the disease COVID-19 and its causative virus SARS-CoV-2.

Authors :
Anupriya Singh : Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., India.
Jyoti Singh : Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., India.
Gangeshwar Kumar Tripathi : Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., India.
Ashwani Kumar : Department of Botany and PG School of Biotechnology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Dev Nath Singh Gautam : Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., India.
Yuan-Yeu Yau : Department of Natural Sciences, Northeastern State University, Broken Arrow, OK, USA.

 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.3

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Standardization and Elemental determination of Therapeutic Medicinal Plant Volkameria inermis L

By: Shanthi P , Thiripura Sundari U

Page No : 65-74

Abstract 
Plants are the therapeutic agents, producing rich source of bioactive substances to cure all kinds of ailments. The main objective of this investigation was to standardize the leaves of Volkameria inermis L. as a source of effective natural medicine. The standardization was validated by physicochemical parameter, phytochemical studies and elemental analysis. The results of physicochemical study showed 6.75% moisture content, 11.2% total ash value, 0.6% acid insoluble ash value and 4.2% of water soluble ash value. The extractive percentages for various solvents are 1.2% (Hexane), 2.4% (Chloroform), 2.8% (Acetone), 3.8% (Ethanol), 5.2% (Methanol) and 6.0% (Water). The phytochemical analysis reveals the presence of phytocompounds coumarins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids. Heavy metals viz copper, cadmium, lead and mercury content were determined as 0.67 ± 0.000 mg/kg, 0.13 ± 0.000 mg/kg, 0.08 ± 0.000 mg/kg and 0.001 ± 0.000 mg/kg respectively. It also showed 1.59 ± 0.001 mg/kg of manganese and 0.29 ± 0.017 mg/kg of zinc. The results of heavy metal profile of the tested plant were within the permissible limits of the regulatory authorities WHO and FAO. Hence it is recommended that the Volkameria inermis L. is a one of the efficient natural sources to be used as drug.

Author :
Thiripura Sundari U : Research Scholar, PG and Research Department of Botany, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
Shanthi P : Dean of Life Science and Assistant Professor, PG and Research Department of Botany, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.4

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Traditional and Ethno-Medicinal Uses of Wild Edible Mushrooms: A Case Study of Santali Tribe of Beliatore Forest, Bankura District, West Bengal, India

By: Soumik Chatterjee , Krishna Chandra Mondal , Sabyasachi Chatterjee

Page No : 75-85

Abstract
This study deals with the ethno-medicinal knowledge about different wild edible mushrooms in Santali community of Beliatore forest, Bankura district, West Bengal, India. This Santali community has extensive knowledge on mushrooms and can identify edible and nonedible fungi used for various purposes in their daily life. Two year (2018-2019) extensive survey resulted in the discovery of 40 species of fungi and its various uses by the Santali community. Mushrooms is a non-wood forest product which provide an alternative source of income for the tribal people. Santali tribe uses fungi for treating various diseases with different combinations. This study exposes the traditional knowledge on mushrooms of Santali Community.

Authors :
Soumik Chatterjee : PG Department of Botany, Ramananda College, Bankura, West Bengal, India.
Krishna Chandra Mondal : Department of Microbiology, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India.
Sabyasachi Chatterjee : PG Department of Botany, Ramananda College, Bankura, West Bengal, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.5

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Biological Screening of Palmyra (Borassus flabellifer Linn.) Underground Sprout Extract for in-vitro Biochemical Activities

By: S. Swathi Lakshmi , T. Ponrathy

Page No : 87-90

Abstract
The palm tree, Borassus flabellifer Linn., is an erect and celestial tree with more than 800 diverse applications. It is the official tree of the Indian state, Tamil Nadu. The aim of this study was to investigate the antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of Palmyra underground sprouts. Palmyra sprout was also tested for its anti-inflammatory properties. All the assays were conducted on powder of boiled Palmyra sprout extracts in chloroform. The antidiabetic potentials were assessed using ?-amylase, as a target enzyme. Colorimetric antioxidation potentials were determined by phosphomolybdenum method. The iron-ferrozine absorbance at 562 nm was used to calculate the metal chelating assay. An in-vitro protein denaturation inhibition assay was used to assess the anti-inflammatory property. The Palmyra sprout extracts inhibited ?-amylase, one of the key enzymes involved in starch digestion and blood glucose regulation. The Antioxidant potential of the sample was recorded as 96% and Fe2+ ion-chelating activities of the sample was also detected. The percentage inhibition of protein denaturation in this underground sprout was evaluated as 91.18. These results show that Borassus flabellifer Linn. underground sprout extract has antidiabetic, metal chelating, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, and hence has a lot of potential as a natural health product source.

Authors :
S. Swathi Lakshmi : Research Scholar, Department of Botany, St. John’s College, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu.
T. Ponrathy : Assistant Professor and Head, Department of Botany, Kamaraj College, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.6

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Ecological Study of Blue Green Algae of Canal Waters in Alappuzha, Kerala

By: Jayasree S , Sincy Joseph , S. Sreeranjini

Page No : 91-98

Abstract 
In the present study five important canals of Alappuzha were analysed for algal distribution viz. Kottaram Canal, Alappuzha – Cherthala Canal, Commercial Canal, Vadai Canal and Uppootti Canal. Algae, the principle primary producers are photosynthetic thallophytes, usually are microscopic, unicellular and colonial or multicellular. The Canals contain different types of Phyco-components like planktons, benthos, epiphytic organisms etc. The algal taxa from Class Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae were found in these canals Totally 23 species of algae were recorded from the study sites. Among them maximum number of species (7 species) was recorded from Vadai canal followed by Alappuzha-Cherthala canal (6 species), and Kottaram canal (4 species). Members from Class Chlorophyceae were found dominant followed by Class Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae. Three among these canals were showed Physico chemical parameters at the favourable limit and two were rich in nutrients, because of the discharge of effluents from the industrial area which is Alappuzha-sherthala canal and Vadai canal because of the discharge of effluents from the industrial area which is Alappuzha-Cherthala canal Vadai canal.

Authors :
Jayasree S : Department of Botany, Maharaja’s College, Ernakulum, Kerala.
Sincy Joseph : Department of Botany, St. Stephen’s College, Uzhavoor, Kottayam, Kerala.
S. Sreeranjini : Department of Botany, Sanathana Dharma College, Alappuzha, Kerala.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.7

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Effect of Physiochemical Parameters of Water on Marine Macroalgal Biodiversity of Bhuigaon Beach, Palghar District, Maharashtra

By: Deepti Deshpande , Surekha Gupta

Page No : 99-102

Abstract
Algae are a diverse group of living organisms that are distributed in fresh as well as marine water bodies. Algae form an important part of aquatic food chain and food web and thus play an important role in regulating aquatic ecosystems. They are a good source of bioactive compounds, valuable food resource as well as potent pollution indicators. Taking this into consideration, an attempt was made to diversify the macroalgal species found on Bhuigaon beach during late winters in four consecutive years. Samples were collected during low tide, processed and preserved, herbarium specimens were prepared for identification of marine algae collected from the study site. Samples of sea water were also analysed for physiochemical parameters. A total of 08 different algal species were documented belonging to three different groups Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta. Effect of salinity, phosphates and nitrates on algal biodiversity was notable.

Authors :
Deepti Deshpande and Surekha Gupta
G. N. Khalsa College, Matunga, Mumbai.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.8

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Extraction of Plasmid from Low-density Polyethylene degrading Bacterium and its Transformation into E. coli DH5a

By: N. K Kotwal , R. B. Vaidya

Page No : 103-110

Abstract
Improperly disposed plastics are a significant source of environment pollution of which about 3% of plastic material is recycled while remaining remains as litter. Littering not only threatens wildlife and marine life, but also causes considerable aesthetic nuisance. The hazard of discarding waste plastics like Polyethylene, so called “white pollution”, is becoming more severe. Improper methods of disposal like burying or burning of plastic materials release harmful or toxic pollutants into the environment thereby endangering the biosphere. The persistence of plastics in landfills is adding to the growing water and surface-waste litter problems. This research was therefore initiated to isolate bacteria that can degrade low-density polyethylene (LDPE), which is among the most frequent polymers found in the solid waste generated in urban areas. A total of 18 bacterial isolates were obtained that had the ability to degrade LDPE. 16s rDNA sequencing was used to identify the isolates. Further, based on polymer degradation potential of the isolates, one isolate Pseudomonas stutzeri strain CPO 4.206 was used for extraction of plasmid. The extracted plasmid was then transformed into E. coli DH5a.

Authors :
Kotwal, N. K. and Vaidya, R. B
Department of Life Sciences, Jai Hind College Autonomous, ‘A’-Road, Churchgate, Mumbai.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.9

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In-Vitro Studies and Multiple Shootlet Induction in Cyathocline purpurea (Buch.- Ham. ex D.Don) Kuntze

By: Ruchika Dani , Mahavir Gosavi

Page No : 111-116

Abstract
An efficient micropropagation protocol based on multiple shootlet induction has been standardized in Cyathocline purpurea, a medicinal plant. The nodal and leaf cuttings were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/mL BAP, 0.5 mg/mL NAA and a combination of 0.5 mg/mL BAP + NAA. Multiple shootlet induction was observed on MS medium supplemented with the combination of 0.5 mg/mL BAP + NAA using nodal explant. The shootlet thus induced, was 2.5 cm in length and had cotyledonary leaves on it. This shootlet was further transferred to another culture vial containing the same media. Phytochemical screening was done to check the presence of phenolics, steroids, alkaloids, glycosides and flavonoids using three different solvents viz., Petroleum Ether, Acetone and Ethanol. Antibacterial activity was seen against E. coli. Antioxidant assay was performed by checking the radical scavenging activity using DPPH.

Authors :
Ruchika Dani : PG student, Department of Botany, S.I.E.S. College of Arts, Science and Commerce at Sion, Mumbai
Mahavir Gosavi : Associate Professor and Head, Department of Botany, S.I.E.S. College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Autonomous), Sion (W), Mumbai.

 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.10

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Rapid in vitro Multiplication and Biological Potentialities of Sericostoma pauciflorum Stocks ex Wight

By: Boskey Pancholi

Page No : 117-125

Abstract
In the present study, an efficient in vitro plant regeneration protocol for Sericostoma pauciflorum Stocks ex Wight, which is known for hypoglycemic efficacy, was achieved. Callus cultures from nodal explants were raised on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium with Indole acetic acid (IAA, 0.5-2 mg/l) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, 0.5-2 mg l-1). Shoot regeneration occurred from callus cultures inoculated on a medium supplemented with IAA (0.5-7 mg l-1) and for root induction different concentrations of IAA (0.5-2.0 mg l-1) and indole butyric acid (IBA, 0.5-2.0 mg l-1) were used. Out of the various concentrations used, 2,4-D (1.5 mg l-1) proved to be better with 90% response for callus formation. Similarly, 3 mg l-1 IAA showed highest number of shoots (18.6±0.40). These shoots on MS medium supplemented with IAA (1.5 mg l-1) gave maximum number of roots (5.40±1.98). For acclimatization, pure sand, garden soil and soil + compost (1:1) were used individually. The sand proved better by giving the survival rate 80%. The hardened plantlets were successfully transferred to the green house conditions and subsequently to the open field conditions. Different bioefficacies viz. antimicrobial using Agar Well Diffusion method and antioxidant using DPPH and FRAP methods along with total phenolic content were studied and compared with those of in vivo.

Author :
Boskey Pancholi : Department of Biotechnology, University of Kota.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.11

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Measure Avoidable Loss Assessment due to Post Flowering Stalk Rots Caused by Fusarium verticillioides in Maize in Southern Rajasthan, India

By: Kalpana Yadav , S.S. Sharma , Tarun Kumar Jatwa , Suresh Kumar

Page No : 127-132

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to assess yield losses due to stalk rot in corn (Zea mays) after artificial inoculations through toothpick inoculations in susceptible variety ‘surya’ using paired plot technique in the southern districts of Rajasthan, India. Two field experiments were carried out in two different kharif seasons i.e. year 2019 and year 2020. Variety ‘surya’ were grown in field with 15 replications and inoculated with toothpick inoculations of Fusarium verticillioides. Samples of healthy and stalk rot infected plants were collected from each protected and unprotected plots, at harvesting stage. Result of field experiments revealed that rating and PDI were significantly lower in protected plots which are artificially inoculated with F. verticillioides, with average PDI 18.46% and Rating 2.84 in 2019, and of 19.12% PDI and 2.76 rating in 2020. PDI was significantly higher in unprotected plots that are 70.92 in 2019 and 70.94 in 2020. Significant loss in grain yield (gram/plot) was observed due to post flowering stalk rot (PFSR) in unprotected plots as compared to protected treatments were 23.66% in 2019 and 29.40% in 2020.
 

Authors :
Kalpana Yadav : Research Scholar Department of Plant Pathology, MPUAT, Udaipur.
S.S. Sharma : Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, MPUAT, Udaipur.
Tarun Kumar Jatwa : Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, RARI, Durgapura, Jaipur.
Suresh Kumar : Research Scholar Department of Plant Pathology, MPUAT, Udaipur.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.12

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Collection, Isolation, Purification and Pathogenicity of Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight Disease of Maize Caused Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. sasakii

By: S.S. Sharma , Pinki Devi Yadav , Sumit Kumar Yadav , Poonam Joshi

Page No : 133-138

Abstract
Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight (BLSB) disease of Maize Caused by Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. sasakii is one of the most severe disease causing serious yield losses each year. In recent years, Rhizoctonia solani is fitting more prevalent in agricultural areas where climate change is leading to higher temperatures. We conducted a experiment in which, a series of fungal collection, isolation and identification from the infected plant parts. The plant showed typical symptoms like the disease lesion are characterized by the presence of alternate bleached area or zones, which are initially water soaked and narrow purple brown bends oriented perpendicular to long axis of leaves or leaf sheath. The infected isolates may be seen on the affected tissues after reinoculation and produced mycelia growth and sclerotia on both plants and culture plates. On re-isolation it was found that the fungus was identical to the original isolate. It was observed that the infection was much higher in inoculated plants as compared to control.

Authors :
Poonam Yadav, S.S. Sharma, Pinki Devi Yadav and Sumit Kumar Yadav
Department of Plant Pathology, Rajasthan of College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology (MPUAT), Udaipur (Rajasthan), India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.13

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Pheno-biological Diversity of Leaf Litter Macrofungi in Some Forests of West Bengal

By: Gouri Das , Parichay Chakraborty

Page No : 139-150

Abstract
In forest ecology and biodiversity, macrofungi occupy important place. Apart from soil nutrients, pH, soil moisture, depth of litter on the forest floor, a number of factors influence diversity of litter fungi as litter decomposition is a highly complex process mediated by various fungal taxa. In the present study physical and chemical attributes of leaf litter from different tree species in the forests of Dakshin Dinajpur district, West Bengal were observed and an assemblage of 11 macrofungal taxa belonging to 7 different families like Agaricaceae, Amanitaceae, Tricholomataceae, Omphalotaceae Marasmiaceae, Aphelariaceae, Psathyrellaceae have been found. These macrofungi were collected from Danga, Dogachhi, Kasiadanga, Barakasipur of Balurghat beat and Abhirampur, Asair, Erenda forestof Tapan beat. This investigation being the pioneering one in this area, also revealed high degree of host and part of the leaf specificity in some cases. The heterogeneity in the abiotic environment may have indirect or direct effect on the distribution of litter fungi in the litter profile. Interestingly, the occurrence of Aphelariaceae (Aphelaria sp.) was restricted to the litter layers of Erenda forest floor only. For systematic random sampling, field trips were conducted at 60 plots with 4 transects during summer, rainy, autumn and spring over last 3 years. All the collected samples were worked out thoroughly, identified and preserved in the laboratory. The data generated in the study will certainly enlighten the domain of mycological diversity of litter fungi.

Authors :
Gouri Das : Department of Botany, Balurghat College, Dakshin Dinajpur, West Bengal.
Parichay Chakraborty : Department of Botany, Balurghat, Dakshin Dinajpur, West Bengal.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.14

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Seasonal Variation of Soil Fungi in Tea Garden, Mokokchung District, Nagaland

By: Asangla Kichu , Maongkala Walling , Wati Temjen , Lydia Yeptho , T Ajungla

Page No : 151-158

Abstract
Tea plant is one of the major cash crops in Northeast India and tea leaves is a popular beverage cherished as a part of a healthy human diet. Tea plant being an economically important crop it is necessary to understand the soil fungal population as soil fungi are key drivers of plant productivity. This present study is conducted in the soil samples collected seasonally from the tea cultivated area of Mokokchung district, Nagaland, India. A total of 60 fungal species under 26 genera were isolated from the study site and colony forming units (CFU), relative density (RD), relative frequency (RF) and important value index were calculated. The highest fungal counts were recorded during the spring season with 8.2 x 106 CFUg-1 and lowest fungal counts were recorded in the winter season with 2.7 x 106 CFUg-1. Highest IVI was recorded in Aspergillus niger (8.09) followed by A. flavus (6.58). Dominance of Aspergillus may be attributed to the antagonistic nature exhibited by these genera against other fungi.

Authors :
Asangla Kichu, T. Ajungla, Maongkala Walling, Wati Temjen and Lydia Yeptho
Department of Botany, Nagaland University, Lumami.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.15

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Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Spores from Industrial Belts of MIDC, Dombivli, Thane District of Maharashtra for Winter Season

By: Mahavir Gosavi , Ashwini Deshpande

Page No : 159-163

Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) are the obligate symbionts, forming natural, beneficial relationships with higher plants. About 80% of plants are colonized by AM fungi which belong to Glomeromycota (Family - Endogonaceae). In soil microorganisms, AM fungi are commonly studied because of their capacity to support plant tolerance under polluted and toxic conditions. The current study deals with the exclusive survey of fifteen industrial sites from MIDC, Dombivli (East). The sites were investigated to study diversity of AM fungi with respect to rhizosphere soil analysis for subsequent spore density and identification. Spores of Glomus, Acaulospora, and Gigaspora were observed. The observed species were also detected in root colonization analysis, using standard staining methods. The spore density was highest for Glomus. The species recorded and identified from genus Glomus are G. aggregatum, G. albidum, G. australe, G. deserticola, G. fasciculatum, G. fulvus, G. geosporum, G. intraradices, G. microcarpum, G. multicaule and G. occultum along with species of Acaulospora like A. foveata, A. mellea, A. scrobiculata and Gigaspora margarita.

Authors :
Ashwini Deshpande : Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, SIES College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Autonomous), Sion (W), Mumbai.
Mahavir Gosavi : Associate Professor and Head, Department of Botany, SIES College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Autonomous), Sion (W), Mumbai.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.16

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Peptone Induced Pigment Production of Ganoderma lucidum

By: Mona Kejariwal , Sakshi Soni , Saloni Koli , Eeshrita Jog , Sayok Ghosh , Deepak Singh , Surabhi Parker , Tanvi Patil , Khushboo Chouhan , Akash Kushwaha , Kanika Shetty

Page No : 165-172

Abstract
Wood-rot fungi are known to be saprophytic, they are grown on most of the organic and decaying matters. These fungi have an ability to produce coloured pigments in in-vitro cultures when they are grown in specific growth media. The pigment producing capacity of such fungi depends on the composition and pH of media. Various coloured compounds can be obtained by changing the concentration of component of growth media for such fungi. The most commonly used growth media for in-vitro culturing of woodrot fungi are Potato dextrose agar (PDA) and Potato dextrose broth (PDB) and Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and Sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB). Current study conducted of Ganoderma lucidum, a commonly occurring wood-rot fungi, it has been observed that the production of pigment in G. lucidum was dependent on various growth media and their components. The fungus forms white patchy, non-pigmented colonies when cultured on PDA medium whereas it showed pigmented growth on SDA medium. Further, by replacing each nutrient component in the growth medium one by one, it has been determined that the component plays a vital role in pigment production by G. lucidum. It has been remarkably established that pigment production in the fungus is totally dependent on peptone concentration. Additionally, Nature of pigment has been studied by carbon and hydrogen ratio which has been in correlation with the substrate provided in the growth medium. The pigment obtained by the study were further evaluated for thermal and pH stability which showed promising results as pigment was unaffected till 60°C and there was no colour change detected with various pH solutions. Therefore, this study focuses on the potential applications of pigment obtained from G. lucidum as a natural pigment in textile and food industry by evaluating proper cytotoxic and structural analytical studies in future.

Authors :
Mona Kejariwal : Department of Botany, RD and SH National College and SWA Science College, Bandra west, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Sakshi Soni, Saloni Koli, Eeshrita Jog, Sayok Ghosh, Deepak Singh, Surabhi Parker, Tanvi Patil, Khushboo Chouhan, Akash Kushwaha and Kanika Shetty
Department of Biotechnology, RD and SH National College and SWA Science College, Bandra west, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.17

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Monotypic Grass Taxa in India: Taxonomic Implications and Conservational Aspects

By: Shailja Tripathi , Rekha Yadav , Dileshwar Prasad , Shubham Jaiswal , Gauri Saxena , Priyanka Agnihotri

Page No : 173-184

Abstract
The present study unveils an interesting group of grasses that are represented by single species. In India, 30 grass genera have been found to be monotypic, restricted to different regions of the country and the world. Eight of these grasses are known to be endemic to India with high endemism in the Western Ghats. Some of them possess a high economic potential and are being used as food, fodder and medicine. Few monotypic genera have also been included in IUCN red list and need special attention for their conservation. It is an attempt to document a challenging and stimulating group of grasses occurring in the country emphasising their distribution pattern, taxonomic features and conservational aspects.

Authors :
Shailja Tripathi, Rekha Yadav, Dileshwar Prasad, Shubham Jaiswal and Priyanka Agnihotri
Plant Diversity, Systematics and Herbarium Division, CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Gauri Saxena : Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.18

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Anatomical Elucidation of Leaf, Stem, Flower and Rhizome of Hedychium coronarium (zingiberaceae)

By: Kalpana S , Karpagam S

Page No : 185-194

Abstract
The anatomical characterisation of medicinally and economically important species of Hedycium coronarium (zingiberaceae) was done in this study. Anatomy of the Stem, Leaf, Flower and Rhizome were observed. Histochemical nature of the cells studied and presented in this paper. The species shows diagnostic anatomical characters such as Endodermoid layer, starch grains, oil cells are present. H. coronarium is an herbaceous, rhizomatous perennial plant, it accumulates essential oil which is used as a condiment, in perfumery, and as a medicine. The plant are also rich in phytochemicals and rich in antioxidants. Essential oil droplets and abundance of starch grains was observed under light microscope in thin sections of rhizome and stem. Some crystalline structures are visualized and are examine to further studies for identification and usage in pharmaceutical purposes. Anatomical characters of the rhizome in zingiberaceae could not only help in the identification of the plant species but also in authenticating plant materials used in medicine. The aim of the present study is to elucidate the morphological and anatomical characters of H. coronarium. And also to identify the various cell types that includes starch grains, oil cells, resins, crystals etc. for further studies.

Authors :
Kalpana S. : Research Scholar, Department of Botany, Queen Mary’s college, Chennai.
Karpagam S. : Associate Professor and Head, Department of Botany, Queen Mary’s college, Chennai.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.19

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Development of an Effective Sterilisation Procedure for Exposed Seeds from the Dehisced Capsule using Centrifugation Method and Successful Asymbiotic Seed Germination in Phaius tankervilleae (Banks ex L’Herit) Bl.

By: Rajib Borah , Leoris Malngiang , Nripemo Odyuo , Hiranjit Choudhury

Page No : 195-204

Abstract
Asymbiotic seed germination has revolutionised the commercial production of exotic orchids as well as conservation of rare and endemic ones. However, the success of the process largely depends on the sterilisation procedure adopted to disinfect the minute dust like orchid seeds. The present study incorporates the technique of centrifugation method to successfully disinfect the exposed seeds obtained from the dehisced capsule of Phaius tankervilleae, which is an ornamental orchid endemic to Northeast India. The seeds of P. tankervilleae showed 100% disinfection as well as germination efficiency (with 5% NaOCl and 8 mins exposure) with no risk of physical damage to the seeds due to the centrifugation process (4 mins at 4000 rpm under 4?C). Inoculated seeds showed the first sign of swollen embryos (PLBs) after 5 weeks of culture in Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) medium. PLBs obtained were subcultured on MS medium supplemented with different plant growth regulators for healthy proliferation and shoot multiplication. MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L each of BAP and KN resulted in best overall shoot and root development. Therefore, the present study reports a simple yet effective sterilisation procedure to disinfect exposed P. tankervilleae seeds which is quick, easy and very efficient for mass scale propagation as well as ex-situ conservation of this valuable orchid species and other orchid species as well.

Author :
Rajib Borah : Division of Biotechnology, Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences and Social Sciences, School of Technology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India.
Leoris Malngiang : Division of Biotechnology, Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences and Social Sciences, School of Technology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India.
Nripemo Odyuo : Botanical Survey of India, Eastern Regional Centre, Meghalaya, India.
Hiranjit Choudhury : Division of Biotechnology, Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences and Social Sciences, School of Technology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.20

Price: 251

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Appraising Physical Properties of Soil Under Different Prevailing Land Use Systems in the Sub-humid Southern Plans and Aravalli Hills of Rajasthan

By: R. B. Meena , S. C. Meena , R. H. Meena , Ramu Meena , Mahaveer Nogiya , R. L. Meena , R. S. Meena , Shiv Singh Meena

Page No : 205-214

Abstract
Information about the impacts of different land-use systems on the physical properties of soil is essential for the sustainable utilization of existing soil resources. The main objective of this study was to examine the variation in selected physical properties across the different prevailing land-use systems in the Sub Humid Southern Plains and Aravalli hills of Rajasthan. A total of 120 composite soil samples were collected for laboratory analysis from barren, cultivated, agri-horticulture, horticulture, grass, and natural forest land-use systems by four different soil depths (0-20, 20-40, 40-60 and 60-80 cm) with five replications. The two-way analysis of variance (Two ways ANOVA) was used to test the effect of different land-use systems and soil depths on measurable soil physical properties. The results of the study revealed that the soil separates (sand, silt, and clay fractions) were not differed significantly across the land use systems as the texture is an inherent property of soil that cannot be changed easily by agricultural management practices. However, soil depth was affected significantly to the particle size distribution under studied land use systems. The mean bulk density of the soil varied from 1.51 to 1.62 Mg m-3 and the mean total porosity ranged from 38.56 to 41.77%. The highest plant available water (0.362 cm3 -H2 Ocm-3 Soil) and higher moisture content at field capacity (34.55%) and permanent wilting point (10.57%) were recorded in the natural forest land use system. All the six land-use systems confirmed distinct effects on soil properties as the highest superior soil properties were observed under natural forest land-use systems, followed by grassland, horticulture, agri-horticulture, and agricultural land-use systems, whereas the barren land use was showed inferior soil properties. The result of the study suggests that the incorporation of tree components on agriculture, barren, and grassland systems could decisive to improve the properties and sustainability of the soil in the study area.

Authors :
R.B. Meena : Scientist, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Agra (U.P.) India.
S.C. Meena : Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science & Agriculture Chemistry, RCA, MPUAT, Udaipur.
R.H. Meena : Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science & Agriculture Chemistry, RCA, MPUAT, Udaipur.
Ramu Meena : Assistant Professor, Agricultural Research Station, Fatehpur Shekhawati, Sikar, SKNAU- Jobner (Rajasthan), India.
Mahaveer Nogiya : Scientist, ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Udaipur (Rajasthan), India.
R.L. Meena : Scientist, ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Udaipur (Rajasthan), India.
R.S. Meena : Assistant Professor, Agricultural Research Station, Sriganganagar (Rajasthan), India.
Shiv Singh Meena : Ph.D Student, GBPUAT, Pant Nagar, Uttrakhand (Rajasthan), India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.21

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Comparative Analysis of Manures and Fertilizers on Tagetes erecta L

By: Mansi Solanki , Sanjukta Rajhans , Archana Mankad , Himanshu Pandya

Page No : 215-220

Abstract
Nutrients are essential components required by the plants for their growth and development. The application of organic and chemical fertilizers creates different impacts on the soil fertility and on plant development. These components help in increasing the efficiency and effective recovery of the agricultural field. The components used, duration of application and the rate of release of these nutrients create the differences between the organic and inorganic fertilizers. In the present study a pot experiment was conducted for evaluating the effects of manures and fertilizers on growth of the plant Tagetes erecta L. (African marigold) plant. Four potting media were prepared, namely organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, cow dung cake and vermicompost. One set was kept as control. The study was conducted for the time period of 21 days.

Authors :
Mansi Solanki, Sanjukta Rajhans, Himanshu Pandya and Archana Mankad
Department of Botany, Bioinformatics and Climate Change Impacts Management School of Science, Gujarat University Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.22

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Native Trees’ Resilience and Tropical Cyclones: A Case Study in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

By: Babita Rana

Page No : 221-225

Abstract
Tropical cyclones with heavy rainfall and gusty winds cause severe damage to the environment, infrastructure, and economy of the affected area. This study focuses on the impact of major cyclones on vegetation with special mention of native as well as exotic tree species, particularly in Mumbai, Maharashtra, and elucidation of cyclone resistance traits in trees. Data collected from secondary sources of information supports the evidence that tree devastation was more in exotic species than native species. In Mumbai, as per the recent Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation census, more than half of the 29.75 lakh tree population is of exotic origin. The most susceptible trees to bear the cyclone impacts such as defoliation, snapping of stems, and uprooting were Peltoforum, Gulmohar, Thespesia, Royal palm, rain tree, which were introduced to India hundreds of years ago. The common native species mango, banyan, peepal, and neem perform fairly well which underlines the importance of planting local species in cyclone vulnerable regions. The selection of proper plant species is very crucial to minimize the damaging effects of cyclones and heavy monsoons in coastal regions.

Authors :
Babita Rana : Department of Botany, G N Khalsa College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Matunga (E), Mumbai, Maharashtra.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.23

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Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Sustainable Tasar Silk Production and Soil Health

By: Soma Karmakar , A.K. Srivastava , T. Pandiaraj , Jyostna Tirkey

Page No : 227-233

Abstract
Tasar silk production is highly associated to natural ecosystem. Deterioration of natural ecosystem can directly affect the quality and production of tasar silk. Since regular use of chemical fertilizers reduce the fertility and total microbial biomass thus affecting soil health and productivity in tasar ecosystem. Hence, a field experiment was conducted at Central Tasar Research and Training Institute, Ranchi with an aim of improving the soil nutritional status using INM practices. The experiment was comprised 20 treatments including control which laid down in randomised block design with three replications. The soil samples were collected from each plot and analysed for different parameters. The study revealed that the pH of different experiment plots was acidic range (5.42 to 5.99). SOC was found to be higher in the treatment of 75% RDF with 25% VC + Azotobacter + PSB (1.33%) followed by 100%RDF with 2 kg/plant VC + Azotobacter + PSB (1.31%). The treatment T19 (495.5 kg ha?1 ) had recorded higher available nitrogen followed by T17 and lower in control. In case, the available phosphorus was found to be the ranges from medium to high (12.93 to 38.33 kg ha?1 ) in different treatments. In the present investigation, available potassium was observed in the range of 213.3 kg ha?1 ¹ to 513.3 kg ha?1 ¹ which resulted in medium to high range. All the micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe) in the experiment were found to be sufficient amount. Overall, the treatment that integrated chemical fertilizers with organic manure and bio fertilizers showed greater response to increase in soil nutrients content. Hence, the treatment i.e. 75% RDF with 25% VC + Azotobacter + PSB could prove a better and viable for nutrient demand of Tasar culture.

Authors :
Soma Karmakar : Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi, India.
A.K. Srivastava : Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi, India.
T. Pandiaraj : Narendra Deva University of Agricultural Technology, Azamgarh, UP, India.
Jyostna Tirkey : Narendra Deva University of Agricultural Technology, Azamgarh, UP, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.24

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Scenario of Peach Cultivation in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India

By: Jitender Kumar , K. K. Pramanick , A. K. Shukla , Santosh Watpade

Page No : 235-240

Abstract
Peach (Prunus persica L.) is one of the most important fruit crops of the Rosaceae family and widely grown in temperate regions of the world. The production scene, systematic cultivation and marketing of peaches could transform the rural economy in the hills of north-western India. Regional Center of Indian Agricultural Research Institute (Elevation of 1900 m AMSL) at Shimla, Himachal Pradesh evaluating the peach cultivars viz. July Elberta, Early Elberta, Snow Queen, Red Globe, Shan-e-Punjab, Sun crest, Glo Haven, Silver King, EC-174084, Paradelux, Saharanpur selection, Red Gold and Independence etc. cultivars are being produced and evaluating for behavioral, climatic adaptation, fruit quality and bud burst to dormancy stage (days ranged from 230 to 330 days in all available cultivars) at above research farm. During the study, the peach fruit average weight ranged from 52.06 to 129.82 g, fruit length ranged from 36.33 to 61.67 mm and width was 48.22 to 62.92 mm. The total soluble sugar content recorded in the above cultivars was 9.46-16.34-degree brix and titratable acidity recorded 0.24 mL to 1.1 mL/100 mL fruit juice. The thickness of the pulp was 16.02 mm to 26.34 mm and after drying 100 g of the pulp, 10.65 to 16.98 g of dry pulp was obtained. Stone average weight was recorded 3.44 to 7.61 g while length and width ranged from 21.49 to 37.09 mm and 14.61 to 26.27 mm respectively. The Pulp: Stone ratio of studied cultivars ranged from 8.79 to 16.41 while TSS: Acidity ranged from 8.6 to 52.70 mL/100mL.

Authors :
Jitender Kumar, K. K. Pramanick, A. K. Shukla and Santosh Watpade
ICAR-IARI, Regional Station (C&HC), Amartara Cottage, Shimla (HP), India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.25

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Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management Practices on Soil Biological Properties

By: Jitendra Singh Bamboriya , H.S. Purohit , Gajanand Jat , S.D. Bamboriya

Page No : 241-248

Abstract
Soil microbial community keeps the soil healthy and fertile therefore their optimal presence is needed for sustaining the crop production to meet the basic needs of future generation. Therefore, a nutrient management trial was conducted to find out the best nutrient sources and their combinations which may improve overall soil biological health. Soil samples were collected from 0-15 cm soil depth after harvesting of maize crop during two cropping seasons. The samples were tested in laboratory following standard protocols. Application of PEC combined with 75% of NPK and bio-fertilizers inoculation is a good strategy to improve soil biological quality for sustainable agriculture.

Authors :
Jitendra Singh Bamboriya : Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Soil Science, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur (Rajasthan), India.
H.S. Purohit : Emeritus Professor, Department of Soil Science, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur (Rajasthan), India.
Gajanand Jat : Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur (Rajasthan), India.
S.D. Bamboriya : Subject Matter Specialist, Department of Agronomy, KVK, Nagaur-II, Agriculture University, Jodhpur (Rajasthan), India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.26

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Effect of some Micronutrients on Biomass, Latex Yield, Sugar and Chlorophylls of Euphorbia antisyphilitica

By: Ashwani Kumar , Shobha Johari

Page No : 249-256

Abstract
E. antisyphilitica is a plant of bioenergy interest. It is a woody shrub tolerant enough to dry conditions of deserts. Earlier work on this plant revealed it suitable for soils of Rajasthan. This led us to study to enhance its growth and productivity so that its suitability for biofuel production can be ascertained. One of the aspects to increase plant growth is to supplement it with proper nutrients. Hence experiments were conducted with different concentrations of micronutrients manganese, iron and molybdenum in the form of manganous sulphate, ferrous sulphate and ammonium molybdate respectively. Plants were allowed to grow for four months and then harvested and analysed for parameters biomass, hexane extractables, sugars and chlorophylls. Biomass of this plant is useful as raw wood while its latex is a promising hydrocarbon yielding source which was extracted with hexane. Results found were very positive for all the nutrients and best suitable dose were find out for each micronutrient.

Authors :
Shobha Johari : Associate Professor (Botany) L.B.S. Government College, Kotputli.
Ashwani Kumar : Former HOD, Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.27

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A Sample Study of Agricultural Development

By: Sharda , Dheer Singh Shekhawat

Page No : 257-267

Abstract
Agriculture plays a key role in the development of any region. The development of human civilization was possible only after the mankind started agriculture. However the growth of agriculture in a particular region differs based on climate, soil, rainfall and proper agricultural practices over a period of time. The present study attempts to highlight the development of agriculture in the study area during the last 20 years. Attempts are also made to find out the effect of modern agriculture on ecology and to identify the effect of environmental changes on agricultural crops (Kumar et al., 2018; Kumar et al., 2020). During present studies two parameters have been considered, i.e., (i) agriculture development based variables and (ii) social development based variables. Charkhi Dadri District is one of the 22 districts of Haryana state in northern India. District Charkhi Dadri is located 112.6 km of India’s capital New Delhi and 295 km of Haryana capital Chandigarh. Charki Dadri comprises of two sub-divisions (Charkhi Dadri and Badhra) and two tehsils (Charkhi Dadri and Badhra) and one sub-tehsil (Bond kalan). District Charkhi Dadri is located between 28.5921?N Latitude and 76.2653?E Longitude respectively (https://charkhidadri.gov.in/). In four blocks of Charkhi Dadri district, Charkhi Dadri, Badhra, Jhojhu and Bond Kalan. Charkhi Dadri and Bond Kalan block have good soil fertility potential (https://charkhidadri.gov.in/) while in Badhra and Jhojhu most of the area is covered with sandy soil. Agricultural and social development in four blocks of Charkhi Dadri has been studied and results are presented.

Authors :
Sharda and Dheer Singh Shekhawat
Department of Geography, Jayoti Vidyapeeth Women’s University (Jaipur).
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.28

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Effect of Different Organic and Inorganic Source of Nutrients on Growth Parameters and Productivity of Black gram

By: Gajanand Jat , Barkha Rani , D. P. Singh , Shanker lal Sunda

Page No : 269-276

Abstract
The present study was undertaken to assessment of organic and inorganic source of nutrients on growth parameters and productivity of black gram (Vigna mungo L.) cultivar “PU-31”. An investigation was taken up during kharif season of 2019-20 at the Instructional Farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur. The experiment was laid down in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The treatments comprised of four levels of organic source i.e. Control, (PEC1 ) Phospho-enriched compost@2t/ha+Foliar spray@10% vermiwash, (PEC2 ) Phospho-enriched compost@4t/ha+Foliar spray@10%vermiwash, (PEC3 ) Phospho-enriched compost@6t/ha+Foliar spray@10% vermiwash and four level of inorganic source i.e. control, (F1 ) RDF, (F2 ) RDF + foliar spray@ 1% salicylic acid, (F3 ) RDF + foliar spray@ 1% salicylic acid + foliar spray of Zn 0.5%. The results revealed that all plant growth parameters, seed, straw and biological yield of black gram were found highest with the combined application of Phospho-enriched compost @ 6t/ha + Foliar spray @ 10% vermiwash and RDF + foliar spray @ 1% salicylic acid + foliar spray of Zn 0.5% which was statically at par with Phospho-enriched compost @ 4t/ha + Foliar spray @ 10% vermiwash and RDF + foliar spray @ 1% salicylic acid + foliar spray of Zn 0.5% during both the years and in pooled analysis.

Authors :
Barkha Rani : Ph. D. Scholar Department of Soil Science & Agriculture Chemistry, RCA, MPUAT, Udaipur.
D. P. Singh : Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science & Agriculture Chemistry, RCA, MPUAT, Udaipur.
Gajanand Jat : Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science & Agriculture Chemistry, RCA, MPUAT, Udaipur.
Shanker lal Sunda : Ph. D. Scholar Department of Soil Science & Agriculture Chemistry, RCA, MPUAT, Udaipur
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.29

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Review on Plant Protease Inhibitors as Therapeutic Molecules

By: Sangeeta A. Godbole , Sopan N. Kharat

Page No : 277-288

Abstract
Plants contain several phytochemical compounds with capacity to exert therapeutic effects on human beings. One such group of molecules are the Protease inhibitors (PIs) which exert inhibitory activity towards several classes of mammalian, bovine, insect or microbial proteinases/proteases. PIs are polypeptides or proteins capable of forming reversible stoichiometric protein–protein complexes with specific proteolytic enzymes. This inhibits the catalytic function of proteolytic enzymes. Study of PIs is important to control proteolysis as it is the key to control the onset of several disease associated phenomena. Although initially, PIs were considered only as protein degrading enzymes, recent studies point them to be signalling molecules in biological activities.

In this article, various classes of plant protease inhibitors and their general mode of actions are discussed. The families belonging to the serine protease class of inhibitors (Serpins) are discussed in detail as these constitute an important class of therapeutically important molecules.

Data available on the use of PIs for treating a wide range of human diseases and disorders including the still incurable cancers is reviewed. Literature review confirms wide and successful use of Proteasome inhibitors (with similar activities to PIs) in treatment of haematological malignancies. Synthetic proteasome inhibitors are employed to inhibit the proteasome cascades and thus control disease onset and proliferation. Sharing the similar biological activities with the proteasome inhibitors, gives potential for the plant-based PIs to be experimented for similar uses. An attempt is made to report PIs from several plant species and their ongoing clinical trials to study their therapeutic actions.

Authors :
Sangeeta A. Godbole : Associate Professor, Head Department of Botany, Jai Hind College, Churchgate, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Sopan N. Kharat : Assistant Professor, Head Department of Botany, SSR College of ACS, Silvassa, UT of DNH and DD, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.30

Price: 251

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Mitigation of Copper and Zinc Stress in Maize Plants by Inoculation with Azotobacter sp

By: Gopakumar Pillai , Soni Pinkesh Kumar Patel

Page No : 289-299

Abstract
Excessive concentration of heavy metals in soil affects the fertility and can have deleterious effects on plants and microorganisms thriving in the soil. With decreasing soil fertility and expanding population, the issue of sustainable food security is gaining momentum. Maize (Zea mays), one of the commercially important crops, is adversely affected by increased concentration of the heavy metals, Copper and Zinc. Plant nutrient requirements can be effectively met using bio fertilizers while reducing the dependency on chemical fertilizers. Azotobacter sp. has been proved to be an efficient bio fertilizer for a variety of crops. Two rapidly growing isolates of Azotobacter sp. (viz. Isolates A and B) were obtained from rhizospheric soil samples and their cultural, microscopic and biochemical characteristics were studied. Isolate A tolerated Cu and Zn concentrations till 0.4% while isolate B showed tolerance till 0.4% of Zn and 0.6% of Cu. Exopolysaccharide produced by isolate A showed 48% copper bio sorption. Both isolates exhibited plant growth promoting traits like IAA production, ammonia production and phosphate solubilisation. Tryptophan supplementation enhanced IAA levels. Maximum IAA production was seen with isolate A (41.49 µg/mL) followed by isolate B (40.55 µg/mL). Phosphate solubilisation was observed to be more effectively carried out by isolate A. Increasing concentration of Cu and Zn had a severe impact on germination and growth of plants. However, inoculation of isolate A and B supported growth of plants under Cu and Zn stress (maximum concentration 0.4%). Inoculation showed significant improvement in biomass content, relative water content and chlorophyll concentrations of maize plants under stress.

Authors :
Gopakumar Pillai and Soni Pinkesh Kumar Patel
Department of Biotechnology, Pillai College of Arts, Commerce and Science (Autonomous), Dr. K. M. Vasudevan Pillai Campus, Maharashtra, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.31

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Minimizing Allelopathic Effect of Grewia optiva on Germination and Growth of Finger Millet Using Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria

By: Rakesh Singh , Yashwant Singh Tariyal , J.S. Chauhan

Page No : 301-310

Abstract
Interaction among plant species has both beneficial and harmful effect on one or both the species. It plays an imperative role in the plant growth and survival. Grewia optiva (Bhimal) is widely grown fodder tree usually grown on boundaries of crop fields. The plant is reported to have allelopathic effect on crop growth but its importance as a fodder tree cannot be ignored. The present investigation is carried out with Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains (Pseudomonas FP-11 and Bacillus BS-10) in alleviating allelochemical (biotic) stress of Grewia optiva (Bhimal) on Finger millet. Due to presence of Grewia optiva leaf extract there was inhibition in germination, reduction in seedling fresh and dry weight, root and shoot length of finger millet in contrast to control. This inhibition was recovered with PGPR treatment of Pseudomonas FP-11 and Bacillus BS-27. The results indicated that the seeds inoculation with PGPR strains under allelochemical stress significantly improved germination, plant growth, vigour and chlorophyll contents of leaf. The root length, shoot length, seedling length, seedling fresh and dry weight were also considerably increased by seeds treatment with PGPR. The plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Pseudomonas FP-11 strain and Bacillus BS-10 strain in combination could alleviate allelopathic effect of Grewia optiva on finger millet. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) was observed replacing the use of chemicals in agriculture, horticulture practices. This is due to the emerging demand for minimizing harmful impacts and utilization of chemical products to the growing necessity of sustainable agriculture within a holistic apparition of development and to emphasize environmental protection.

Authors :
Rakesh Singh : Department of Seed Science & Technology, HNB Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India.
Yashwant Singh Tariyal : High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre, HNB Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India.
J.S. Chauhan : Department of Seed Science & Technology, HNB Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.32

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Effect of Benzylaminopurine on Growth, Flowering and Postharvest Performance of Antirrhinum majus L.

By: Irfana Amin , Shabana Gulzar , Inayatullah Tahir

Page No : 311-314

Abstract
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of graded concentrations of Benzylaminopurine (BAP) on the growth, flowering and postharvest performance in Antirrhinum majus. Plants were raised in pot soil culture in 25 cm earthenware pots. BAP was applied as a foliar spray at 1, 5 and 25 mgl-1 concentrations. Plants were sprayed at 4, 12 and 16 weeks after transplantation. For each concentration there were five pots, besides a set of five pots each for the distilled water control and tween control. BAP at 25 mgl-1 concentration was effective in increasing plant height, fresh mass, dry mass and the number of laterals; besides resulting in the early emergence of floral buds. BAP particularly at 1 mgl-1 concentration was effective in enhancing the postharvest longevity of spikes and blooms in plain water. The results suggest that BAP as the foliar application can be effective in enhancing the pre and postharvest conditions of Antirrhinum majus.

Authors :
Irfana Amin : Department of Botany, Srinagar Women’s College Srinagar, Zakura.
Shabana Gulzar : Department of Botany, Govt. Women’s College, M.A Road, Srinagar
Inayatullah Tahir : Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.33

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Effect of Salinity and Alleviating Role of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) for Improving the Morphological and Biochemical Aspects of Vigna radiata L

By: C. Janani , B. Sundararajan , Nagamala , B. D. Ranjitha Kumari

Page No : 315-325

Abstract
Plant growth hormones assume important role in the development and conduct measure in the plant. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of gibberellic acid on morphological and biochemical factors of green gram under salinity stress. This study was carried out to determine the outcome of salt pressure (sodium chloride (NaCl), 0–100 µM) on the development and biochemical exercises of mung bean. Pre-dousing the seeds with 5 µM GA3 was appeared to improve the harmful impacts of salinity in most of the cases. The results of the study demonstrated that NaCl treatment evoked the decrease in development attributes of mung bean plant by diminishing the shoot and root lengths, number of leaves, and all out region of leaves just as new loads of shoot and base of mung bean plants. Moreover, centralization of 75 µM of salt altogether diminished photosynthetic colors content incorporate chlorophyll; decreases sugars; protein substance; all out free amino acids; phenols; starch; all out solvent sugars; and movement of cell reinforcement catalysts of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase, and catalase (CAT). In this examination, usage of grouping of GA3 (5 µM) lighten the effects of salinity to consider biochemical elements like shade content; decreasing sugars; protein substance; all out free amino acids; phenols; starch; absolute solvent sugars; and action of cancer prevention agent catalysts of SOD, peroxidase, and catalase.

Authors :
C. Janani : Department of Biotechnology, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
B. Sundararajan : College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China.
Nagamala: Department of Botany, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
B. D. Ranjitha Kumari : Department of Botany, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.34

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Phytochemical Analysis and Extraction of Lutein using Column Chromatography from Tagetes and Aster plants

By: Bhakti Sawant , Vibha Gupta

Page No : 327-331

Abstract
The Asteraceae is one of the widespread family of Angiosperms and is well known for the presence of flavonoids, glycosides and other bioactive constituents. They are reported to have antifungal, antioxidant properties and thus have generated lots of interest in curing and preventing many diseases. In the present study, phytochemical analysis using ethanol, petroleum and chloroform extracts of Aster and Tagetes dried flower samples were analyzed. The phytochemicals such as carbohydrates, alkaloids, glycosides were observed in all extracts of both plant samples except tannins and anthraquinone glycoside chemical tests gave negative results in Aster plant extract. The dried flower sample of both plants were also subjected to column chromatography for separation of Lutein (a fat-soluble xanthophyll). Best results in isolation of Lutein sample were obtained using hexane: ethyl acetate (90:10) mobile phase.

Authors :
Bhakti Sawant and Vibha Gupta
Botany Department, G. N. Khalsa College, Matunga, Mumbai.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.35

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GC-MS based Phytochemical Profiling of n-Hexane extracts of Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. rhizomes

By: Pravith P Warrier , Madhavi R Badole

Page No : 333-341

Abstract
Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. is a herb species in the family Zingiberaceae. The species has a high nutritional value, particularly as a starch source for Indian dishes and medicines. Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. is also utilized for therapeutic purposes, such as healing worms and stomach aches, according to the local healers. The present work is carried out as a part of standardization of Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. The rhizome powder is extracted in n-Hexane and the extract is subjected to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis for phytochemical profiling. An initial phytochemical screening has been performed on the n-Hexane extract to study the nature of phytoconstituents present. The results of preliminary screening study combined with the data from the GC-MS analysis provides an update on the phytoconstituents present in the n-Hexane extract. This data can help in further isolation of phytoconstituents and evaluation of their bioactivities. The study also enhances the possibility of usage of rhizome part of Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. as a herbal drug product in the future.

Authors :
Pravith P Warrier and Madhavi R Badole
Department of Chemistry, Ramnarain Ruia Autonomous College, Matunga, Mumbai 400019.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.36

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A comparative GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds in ethyl acetate fruit extract of Phyllanthus emblica L. growing in two phyto-geographically contrasting regions of west Bengal, India

By: Chandan K Acharya , Naureen S Khan , Nithar R Madhu

Page No : 343-355

Abstract
The Phyllanthus emblica L. has an interesting combination of ingredients. Fruit that grows in several parts of West Bengal, particularly the North Bengal Hill Slope and Jhargram, was researched using an ethyl acetate-based method. The spectrums of the individual components were compared to the library of previously identified spectrums using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and were done so on a Factor Four TM capillary column (VF-5 ms, 30 m, 0.2 mm id, 0.25 m film thickness; Varian, Middelburg, The Netherlands). Unsaturated alcohols such as Campesterol and alkanes such as N-Hexatriacontane were discovered as phytochemical components in the Jhargram fruit sample. Phenolic substances such as 1, 3, 3-Trimethyl-1-(4’-tri methyl silyl oxy phenyl)-6-trimethylsilyloxyindane, Phytosterol, and other organic compounds such as alkanes were also found. In the North Bengal sample, the phytoconstituents identified are alkenes such as 1-cyclohexyl-1(-4-ethyl cyclo hexyl) ethane and 17-pentatriacontene. The present study also revealed that the bioactive phytoconstituents like Lanost-8-ene, Stigmast-5-en-3-ol, oleate, 1,3,3-Trimethyl-1-(2’-trimethyl silyl oxyphenyl)-6-trimethylsilyloxyindane etc. in Jhargram Sample and heterocycle like Benzo (b) naphtho (2, 3, d) furan, steroid like Olean-12-ene and alcohol like Ergosterol in the north Bengal sample has a high percentage of abundance. The discovery of these chemicals is proof that the plant’s fruits may be used to treat various medical issues, a point that can be used as an argument in support of the plant’s agricultural and industrial value.

Authors :
Chandan K Acharya : Ph D Research Scholar, Department of Life Science, Dr. C.V. Raman University, Kargi road, Kota, Bilaspur, C.G. India, State aided College Teacher, Department of Botany, Bajkul Milani Mahavidyalaya, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India.
Naureen S Khan : Assistant Professor, Department of Life Science, Dr. C.V. Raman University, Kargi road, Kota, Bilaspur, C.G. India
Nithar R Madhu : Associate Professor, Department of Zoology, Acharya Prafulla Chandra College, New Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.37

Price: 251

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Phytochemical Profiling and GC-MS analysis of n-Hexane extract of Lavandula bipinnata (Roth) Kuntze leaves

By: SmitaViplav Sawant , Seema Sambhaji Kokitkar

Page No : 357-363

Abstract
Plants are used as a source of medicine since ancient times. Lavandula bipinnata (Roth) Kuntze belongs to the family Lamiaceae, species of this family known to have medicinal properties. However, very little work has been done on Lavandula bipinnata. Present study was designed to identify the phyto-components in the n-hexane extract of leaves of Lavandula bipinnata. GC-MS analysis was performed using Perkin Elmer Clarus 600C GCMS system with single Quadrupole mass analyzer. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of n-hexane extract of leaves revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, phenols, tannins and quinones. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of seventeen bioactive compounds which include Hexadecane, Octadecane, n-Hexadecanoic acid, 17- Pentatriacontene, Phthalic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester, Heptadecane, 2, 6, 10, 15-tetramethyl-, Squalene, Hentriacontane and Eicosane. The Phytochemical and GC-MS profiling of n-hexane extract of leaves of Lavandula bipinnata showed the presence of bioactive compounds with important medicinal properties. Therefore, it is recommended as a potential plant of phytopharmaceutical value.

Authors :
SmitaViplav Sawant and Seema Sambhaji Kokitkar
Department of Biotechnology, Changu Kana Thakur College of Arts, Commerce and Science, New Panvel, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.38

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Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potential of n-butanol Fraction of Ethanolic Extract of A. muricata L. Leaves

By: Haripriya. R , P. Thirumalai Vasan

Page No : 365-375

Abstract 
The tropical plant, Annona muricata has diverse health benefits and exhibits pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer properties. The n-butanol fraction of the ethanolic leaf extract was derived from the plant using Soxhlet-extraction which is followed by qualitative and quantitative determination of phytoconstituents present in the leaf extract. The qualitative determination reveals the primary and secondary metabolites where anthraquinone was reported to be absent. The leaf extract was subjected to antimicrobial activity using Agar well diffusion assay which confirmed the antibacterial and antifungal property against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans respectively. The free radical scavenging property (antioxidant activity) of the phytochemicals present in the leaf extract was confirmed by DPPH assay and maximum inhibition of 87% of free radicals were observed at lowest concentration (100 µg/mL) and the IC50 value was found to be 59.72 µg/mL showing 50% of inhibition. The HPLC and GCMS analysis of the n-butanol fraction of ethanol extract of leaf confirmed the high abundance of phytoconstituents required for antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.

Authors :
Haripriya. R : Research scholar, PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, T.V.Kovil, Trichy.
P. Thirumalai Vasan : Head, PG and Research Department of Biotechnology, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, T.V. Kovil, Trichy.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.39

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Larvicidal Activity and Chemical Characterization of Essential Oil Obtained from Callistemon citrinus

By: Chachad, Devangi P , Mondal Manoshree , Dias Analise , Uniyal Kajal , Varma Unnati , Jadhav Pradeep , Satvekar Trupti , Ghag – Sawant Mrunal , Doshi Nishit

Page No : 377-382

Abstract
More than 100 countries suffer from mosquito-borne diseases which are prevalent across the world. They are the known vectors for transmission of dengue, malaria, yellow fever, filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, schistosomiasis etc. Many of the insecticides that are currently used in mosquito control have harmful effects on human health and other non-target populations, they are non-biodegradable in nature, and also have a higher rate of biomagnification in our ecosystem. The spike in insecticide resistance on a global scale is raising serious concerns. Therefore, search for natural, eco-friendly alternatives such as bio-insecticides is imperative. In this study, Larvicidal activity of the essential oil obtained from the leaves of Callistemon citrinus was tested on the Dengue vector mosquito Aedes aegypti and Chikungunya vector mosquito Culex sp. Also, the chemical composition of the essential oil was studied using GC-MS analysis. Callistemon citrinus can now be considered one of such bio-insecticides which is easily available throughout India, with many therapeutic active constituents in its essential oil and 80-100% larvicidal activity..

Authors :
Chachad, Devangi P, Mondal Manoshree, Dias Analise, Uniyal Kajal, Varma Unnati
Research Laboratory, Botany Department, Jai Hind College, Churchgate, Mumbai.
Jadhav Pradeep, Satvekar Trupti, Ghag – Sawant Mrunal and Doshi Nishit
Zoonosis Department, Haffkine Institute for Training, Research and Testing, Acharya Donde Marg, Parel, Mumbai.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.40

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Chromatographic Profiling of Medicinally Important Compounds, ß-sitosterol and ?-amyrin in Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult.

By: Nagaveni. C , Rajanna. L.

Page No : 382-387

Abstract 
Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult is a medicinally important herbal plant whose extract is known to have many significant therapeutic properties such as antihyperglycemic, urolithic, lithotriptic, anthelmintic, antihyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective also with few antioxidant and anti-microbial attributes. This present chromatographic study reports a comparative quantitative analysis of medicinally important compounds ?-sitosterol and qualitative analysis of ?-amyrin in in-vivo and in-vitro grown plants of A. lanata (L). However, the normal in-vitro plants contained 52.85% lesser ?-sitosterol than the wild ones but in-vitro plants influenced by chemical mutagens showed a significant increase of 104.76% than the wild plants in HPLC profiling. The bands indicating ?-amyrin in TLC columns also depicted similar results of decrease of bandwidth in in-vitro plants and visually significant increased bandwidth in chemically induced in-vitro plants.

Authors :
Nagaveni. C and Rajanna. L
Department of Botany, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.41

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Role of Rhizobia to Improve Zinc Phytoremediation by Legumes

By: Neha Batra , Ameeta Sharma

Page No : 389-402

Abstract 
High metal availability arising from mining and industrial activities, disposal of sludge or soil acidification, is an important problem in agricultural and forestry. Plants exposed to high concentrations of metals must respond in order to avoid the deleterious effects of metal toxicity at the structural, physiological and molecular levels. Plant strategies for coping with metal toxicity are genotype-specific and at least to some extent, modulated by environmental conditions. Physiology and biochemistry with regard to phytotoxicity, uptake and transport of Zinc and tolerance and its characterization were studied in Vigna unguiculata plants. Parameters studied were photosynthetic pigments, proline content, lipid peroxidation content, protein content, relative water content and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1; CAT, EC 1.11.1.6; APX, EC 1.11.1.11). Metal stress inhibits chlorophyll activity and induces alterations in protein level. Increase in CAT, SOD and APX activity along with RWC was seen at the earlier stages with the decline at the last stages of plant growth. An immense increase in the proline and MDA content was observed. This may possibly be due to either down regulation of photosynthesis or photo inhibition process. Further, Rhizobium was used as soil fertilizer to prevent the stress of Zinc on growing Vigna unguiculata. The experiment tolerance index of plants was increased in the presence of Rhizobium than in their absence in polluted soil. Our results demonstrate that cowpea plants perform better when amended with Rhizobium under metal stress, as indicated by a lower sensitivity to photoinhibition, proline accumulation and higher antioxidant enzyme activity.

Authors :
Neha Batra and Ameeta Sharma
Department of Biotechnology, IIS (Deemed to be University), Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.42

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Abstract
The two basic approaches to manufacture NPs are the top-down and bottom-up techniques. Bottom-up approach is the alternative approach to the physical method of synthesis of NPs, which has the potential of creating less waste and hence being more economical. Nanoparticles from green synthesis have been getting an increasing advantage due to it being a cost effective and eco-friendly method for nanomaterial synthesis. The present investigation focuses on the biological synthesis, characterization of biogenic nanoparticles using extracellular filtrate of Aspergillus flavus. The characterization of synthesised silver nanoparticles has been done using techniques such as UV-Vis Spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). The maximum peak was observed at 426 nm in UV-vis spectroscopy after every 5 minutes. In order to identify the presence of functional groups in extracellular fungal filtrate which was used for bioreduction of silver and capping of silver nanoparticles, FTIR analysis has been carried out. The spherical aggregate shaped silver nanoparticles synthesized by A. flavus ranged from 7-50 nm confirmed in TEM as well as in NTA.

Authors :
Aadity Saitawadekar and Umesh B. Kakde
Department of Botany, The Institute of Science, Mumbai, India.
 

By: Aadity Saitawadekar , Umesh B. Kakde

Page No : 403-409

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.43

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In-Silico Studies for the Inhibition of Proprotein Convertase Furin using Synthetic Compound Databases to see the Effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 Transmission

By: Gursimran Kaur Uppal , Aparna Patil Kose , Saiprasad Ajgaonkar , Nilesh Pal , Suraj Sen

Page No : 411-420

Abstract
In December 2019, cases of the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a new betacoronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), were first reported in Wuhan, China. These cases were characterized by acute pneumoniaassociated symptoms, such as fever, dry cough, chills, shortness of breath, and muscle pain. On comparing SARS-CoV-2 with SARS-CoV, significant differences were observed in the sequence of the S gene of SARSCoV-2, including three short insertions in the N-terminal domain, changes in four out of five of the crucial residues in the receptor-binding motif, and the presence of an unexpected furin cleavage site at the S1/ S2 boundary of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. This insertion is a novel feature that differentiates SARS-CoV-2 from SARS-CoV and several SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs). The SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein, which is the viral protein responsible for binding the ACE2 receptor on the host cell. Prior to and after attachment, the S needs to be activated by cellular proteases (e.g. furin, TMPRSS2), triggering the virus’ entry into the target cell. Presence of a multibasic site, an amino acid motif recognised by furin protease, and whose cleavage activates the S protein. Hence researchers are exploring furin inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In our study we have performed virtual screening of natural and synthetic compounds with furin structure (PDB ID: 5JXH). The docking and ADMET results showed that Nafamostat, DAPI, Propamidine, Hydroxystilbamide compounds showed similar activity as per standard drug Diminizine (anti-parasitic drug). Nafamostat compound has shown highest binding affinity with -9.1 kcal/mol against the furin enzyme target and hence it could be considered as a potential inhibitor drug.

Authors :
Gursimran Kaur Uppal, Aparna Patil Kose
Department of Bioinformatics, Guru Nanak Khalsa College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Saiprasad Ajgaonkar, Suraj Sen and Nilesh Pal
Post Graduate Students, Department of Bioinformatics, Guru Nanak Khalsa College of Arts, Science andCommerce, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.44

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In-Silico Investigation of Phytochemicals as Antiageing Agents against Matrix Metalloproteinases using Molecular Docking Approach

By: Aparna Patil Kose , Shilpa N Potdar , Rupal A Mishra , Priyankal D Sharma

Page No : 421-428

Abstract
Photoageing is caused by the excitation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the skin, which is caused by UV light causing a disruption in the balance between MMPs and inhibitors in our bodies, resulting in collagen degradation and, as a result, wrinkles development. Antioxidant phytochemicals are being researched to minimise the oxidation processes caused by photoageing. Molecular docking was used to choose the optimal phytochemical with the highest binding affinity for MMPs. The study was carried out on 100 plants effective against wrinkles out of which 30 common phytochemicals were selected showing antioxidant properties. These selected phytochemicals were further targeted against nine types of MMPs responsible for wrinkle formation using molecular docking approach. Further, protein optimization was carried out in GROMACS software to enable successful docking. The docking analysis was performed using PyRx tool and the docked structures were visualized using Discovery Studio 4.1 Visualizer. It was observed on the basis of docking score that beta carotene, rutin and luteolin phytochemicals showed highest binding affinity with the target protein (9 types of MMP). The differences in binding affinities among the proteins were discovered in this docking research various protein-ligand complexes which confirms the potential target for ageing in order to stop wrinkle development.

Author :
Aparna H Patil Kose : Lecturer, Department of Bioinformatics, Guru Nanak Khalsa College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Autonomous), GNIRD, Mumbai, India.
Shilpa N Potdar, Rupal A Mishra and Priyankal D Sharma
Student, Department of Bioinformatics, Guru Nanak Khalsa College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Autonomous), GNIRD, Mumbai, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.45

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Molecular Docking Studies of Selected Phytochemicals as Potent Inhibitors for Parkinson’s Disease: Approach to Anti-Parkinson’s Drug

By: Priyankal D Sharma , Shubham A Ghadge , Ananya R Chavan

Page No : 429-436

Abstract
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is neurodegenerative condition where persons suffers because of neuronal death caused by depleted dopamine levels which is neurotransmitter responsible for functioning of brain in substantia nigra (SN) part of mid-brain. To minimize this depletion of dopamine, phytochemicals having neuroprotective and antioxidant properties are studied. According to literature search 38 phytochemicals were selected showing neuroprotective and antioxidant properties. With molecular docking approach phytochemicals were docked against 6 selected Biological markers which are COMT, MAO-B, PINK1, BACE1, Alpha- synuclein, E3-PARKIN for Parkinson’s. The protein-ligand docking was performed using PyRx 0.8. Further interaction visualized on Discovery Studio Visualizer 21.1.0. The ligand Chrysin, Bicuculline and Hesperetin were showing best binding score against protein target. This docking study showed various protein-ligand interactions with varying binding energies. With some research, the best scored ligands can be used further to study their effects on in-vivo and in-vitro models.

Authors :
Shubham A Ghadge, Priyankal D Sharma and Ananya R Chavan
Department of FYIC Bioanalytical Sciences (GNIRD), Guru Nanak Khalsa College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Autonomous), Mumbai, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.46

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In vitro Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Azadirachta indica Plant Extracts against Multi-drug Resistant and Biofilm Forming Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

By: A. P. Nagrale , V. A. Kamble

Page No : 437-443

Abstract
Multi-drug resistance of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria to a wide variety of antibiotics has been linked to unwise use of the same antibiotics against infections in food and pet animals around the world, as well as in humans. The major factor contributing to microbial resistance is the microbes’ biofilm formation which allows them to withstand in extreme environmental conditions and antimicrobial agents. In the current study, multi-drug resistant and the biofilm forming E. coli and S. aureus strains have been isolated from the different types of specimens. Commercially available antibiotic discs were used for the study of multi-drug resistance patterns in the isolated strain and also studied with disc diffusion assay. The antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm forming ability of 76 E. coli and 57 S. aureus cultures isolated from the clinical samples were tested. Apart from multiple drug resistance traits, biofilm production by the microbe is one of the phenomena which renders multiple drug resistance to the isolate as well. Susceptibility testing of different solvent extracts of plants, namely Azadirachta indica. The sensitivity of all the plant leaf extract was assessed by the well diffusion method and determined in terms of inhibition zone diameter. The inhibitory activity against the clinical isolates reflects an inhibition zone range of 10 mm to 40 mm. All of the above biofilm producing isolates showed varying degrees of antimicrobial activity.

Authors :
A. P. Nagrale : Department of Microbiology, Shri. D.M. Burungale Science and Art’s College Shegaon, Dist: Buldana, Maharashtra, India.
V. A. Kamble : Department of Microbiology, Adarsha Science, J. B. Arts and Birla Commerce Mahavidyalaya, Dhamangaon Rly, Distt. Amravati.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.01.47

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Obituary

By: No author

Page No : 445

 

New Arrivals (May 2022)

By: V. A. Kamble

Page No : 447-448

 

Jul-2022 to Dec-2022

Editorial

By: Ashwani Kumar

Editor in Chief
The Journal of Plant Science Research

Letter to the Editor
Francis Theodore Haxo (March 9, 1921–June 10, 2010): Innovator, Dedicated Biologist, and Grand Master of the Carotenoids in Marine Organisms

By: Govindjee Govindjee , Anitra Thorhaug

Page No : 449-454

Abstract
Francis Haxo has been known to us as a thoughtful, patient, and dedicated scientist of the highest order. As a genuine scholar, he meticulously mulled over ideas for years before publishing his research. One of us (GG) knew him through three other friends: Barbara B. Prézelin, 1948-2021; David (Dave) C. Fork, 1929-2020; Beatrice (Beazy) M. Sweeney, 1914-1989; additionally, Anitra Thorhaug (AT) knew him as she was the last student of Larry Blinks, with whom Haxo had worked with. Francis Haxo was generous to his students, but he took a long time to finalize and submit their papers—to ensure that all was well. We provide here a glimpse of his research after a brief note on his personal life—remembering him more than a decade after his death. He was an unsung hero and he deserves to be remembered by algal, marine, and plant biologists throughout the world. A thorough and detailed memorial to Francis Haxo and his research, will soon be published by Anitra Thorhaug, Graeme Berlyn, and Synnøve Liaaen-Jensen (2023).

Authors :
Govindjee Govindjee : Department of Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, and Center of Biophysics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), Urbana, Illinois, USA.
Anitra Thorhaug : Greater Caribbean Energy and Environment Foundation, 1359 SW 22 Terrace, Suite 1 Miami, Fl, USA. 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.1

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History & Biography
Reprinted, with permission, from Phycological Newsletter, Volume 58, Number 1, March 1, 2022, pages 11-20.

Govindjee, G. (2022) on the 1958 Historical Lecture of Robert (Bob) Emerson: Discovery of Auxiliary Pigments working in Synchrony with Chlorophyll a in Algae (Ed. Morris, J. J.# )

By: Govindjee Govindjee

Page No : 455-464

Author :
Govindjee Govindjee : Department of Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, and Center of Biophysics & Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.2

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In Memoriam
Tadimeti Raja Rao (1930-2022): A Superb Plant Physiologist and Wonderful Mentor

By: Govindjee Govindjee , Harbans Kehri Kaur , Sheo Mohan Prasad , G.S.R. Murti

Page No : 475-484

Abstract
We honour here Tadimeti Raja Rao (1930-2022), a wonderful human being – who was a friend to many and a superb plant physiologist of our time. His research began with discoveries in organic acid metabolism in plants, and on the effects of virus infection on nitrogen metabolism. Raja Rao (also spelled as ‘Rajarao’) followed this research by providing novel and practical information on the effects of several growth regulators (hormones) on the physiology of many plants, particularly sugarcane, guava, Indian gooseberry, and gladiolus, among others. During his later academic life, he gave unique and valuable guidance to many for the improvement of ‘crop production’ which was vital for plant biotechnology. We end this tribute to Raja Rao with Reminiscences from his family (Sarada, his wife, and Visweswara Rao and Srinivasa Rao, their sons); his friends from Allahabad (Rajni Govindjee and Raj Prasad), and two of the co-authors (Sheo Mohan Prasad and G. S. R. Murti# ).

Authors :
Govindjee Govindjee : Department of Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, and Center of Biophysics & Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Harbans Kehri Kaur & Sheo Mohan Prasad : Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
G. S. R. Murti : Formerly at the Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta lake post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.3

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Antioxidant Activities of Marine Green Algae 4 Species of a Genus Enteromorpha from Mandapam Coast, South India

By: P. Sona , G. Subramanian

Page No : 475-484

Abstract
The present study focused on determining the antioxidant properties of the Enteromorpha compressa (Linnaeus) Nees, Enteromorpha flexuosa (Wulfen) J. Agardh, Enteromorpha intestinalis (Linnaeus) Nees, and Enteromorpha prolifera (Müller) J. Agardh, ethanol crude extracts, from the green algae. The evaluation of antioxidant properties was estimated and determined by using ten standard methods namely 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), metal chelating activity, hydrogen peroxide radical assay, superoxide radical scavenging (SOD), reducing power, hydroxyl radical assay, nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and total antioxidant activity assay. The tested green algae also had antioxidant activity like algae diatom which are showing good antioxidant potential. These algae had a lesser radical scavenging ability than standard ascorbic acid. This study suggests that ethanol crude extracts contain different potential antioxidant compounds capable to scavenge different types of free radicals.

Authors:
P. Sona : Research Scholar,  PG and Research Department of Botany, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
G. Subramanian :  Assistant Professor, PG and Research Department of Botany, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.4

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Isolation, Molecular Characterization and Mycochemical Analysis of Aspergillus quadrilineatus

By: Shaila M. , Nafeesa Begum

Page No : 485-495

Abstract
Secondary metabolites of microbial origin, either as pure compounds or crude extracts, provide opportunities for new drug development because of their chemical diversity. The aim of the present study is to isolate Molecular characterization and extract the bioactive compounds from the fungus of A. quadrilineatus (OL979151) in the rhizospheric soil of sunflower and mustard crop fields in Davanagere region. Dilution plate technique was used to isolate the rhizosphere fungi. The total genomic DNA was extracted from isolate of Aspergillus quadrilineatus based on Cetrimide Tetradecyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB). Mass production of the fungal mat of A. quadrilineatus was established on potato dextrose broth medium. The dried methanol extract of fungus was subjected to HR-LCMS analysis; Methanol extract of A. quadrilineatus fungus shows that the compounds Amobarbital, Pirbuterol, Bambuterol, Cilazaprilat, Oxotremorine, Aminopyrine and Oryzanol as the major constituents. The compounds exhibit analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties and various therapeutic uses.

Authors :
Shaila M & Nafeesa Begum : Department of Botany, Sahyadri Science College, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.5

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Understanding Physiological Basis of Senescence in Ailanthus excelsa Leaves

By: Upma Bhatt , Manish Mali , Shubhangani Sharma , Vineet Soni

Page No : 497-502

Abstract :
Leaf senescence is a major developmental event, in which leaves turns yellowing and cells passes through a series of physiological and biochemical changes, including a large metabolic shift from anabolism to catabolism, resulting in nutrition redistribution. Since dynamic protein trafficking transforms massive macromolecular complexes into transportable products through which cellular structures such as chloroplasts, nucleus and cell membrane are disintegrated. The chlorophyll fluorescence measurement can detect the physiological changes in leaves during senescence. Therefore, the OJIP-transient, leaf model and membrane model were studied to understand the photosynthetic process during senescence. The depression OJIP-transient curve and Fm shows reduction in PIcs. The increase in antenna size of LHCs ABS/RC and TR/RC increased but the phenomenological fluxes reduced, which illustrates the inhibition of electron transport chain in S5 (last stage of senescence). Although the absorption increased, but electron transport ceased so that DI/CS and DI/RC enhanced which directly influence ?Po and the leaf ultimately die.

Authors :
Upma Bhatt, Manish Mali, Shubhangani Sharma and Vineet Soni
Plant Bioenergetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.6

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Remodeling of Anti-oxidant Systems, Chlorophyll Contents, and Productivity in Peanut Genotypes under Waterlogging Stress

By: Upma Bhatt , Shubhangani Sharma , Vineet Soni , Jyotshana Sharma

Page No : 503-512

Abstract:
Many crops are affected by heavy rains and subsequent periods of waterlogging during the maturity phase. Therefore, waterlogging effect on antioxidative enzyme activity, chlorophyll content, lipid peroxidation, and grain yield were investigated using two contrasting genotypes of peanut: the waterlogging-tolerant line, DH-86, and the waterlogging-sensitive line, TAG-24, to better understand the biochemical and physiological mechanisms of waterlogging tolerance. Under the greenhouse environment, potted peanut plants were waterlogged up to 60 days after sowing. The activities of the antioxidant enzyme were measured by comparing the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) activities between waterlogging-tolerant and waterlogging-sensitive genotypes of peanut. The early stimulation of their anti-oxidant systems was responsible for variation in tolerance levels between the two genotypes. The increased, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities played a significant role in DH-86 in maintaining productivity and growth to recover from waterlogging stress. The susceptibility of TAG-24 was associated with lipid peroxidation damage, a reduction in chlorophyll concentration, and antioxidant enzyme activity. The photosynthate accumulation in the stems and leaves was caused by an imbalance of the source-sink relationship, and this is the principal reason for yield loss under waterlogging. TAG-24 reduced more grain yield than DH-86, most likely because more photosynthate was accumulated in the stem and leaves of TAG-24 and could not be transported to the pod efficiently. According to these findings, the better protection of DH-86 from waterlogging-induced oxidative damage is because of the maintenance of the enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity and induced grain yield capacity.

Authors :
Shubhangani Sharma, Upma Bhatt, Jyotshana Sharma and Vineet Soni
Plant Bioenergetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.7

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Traditional Phyto-therapeutic uses by Tribal People in Western Sundarbans: Henry Island, Fredric Island and Bakkhali, West Bengal, India

By: Chandan K Acharya , Naureen S Khan , Nithar R Madhu

Page No : 513-523

Abstract:
The exploration of the traditional phyto-therapeutic potential of any region can make sense for future novel drug discoveries. Several contemporary researchers engaged themselves to prove the traditional belief in the light of scientific interpretations in virtue of modern tools and techniques. Bearing in mind traditional knowledge, many modern medicines have been formulated now. Within this frame of reference, ethno-medicinal studies are of supreme preponderance. The rural people of Western Sundarbans: Henry Island, Fredric Island and Bakkhali regions of West Bengal, India, still trust indigenous plants to cure different types of diseases. The present study intends to explore ethno-medicinal plant wealth of the studied regions by enlisting their present status, parts used, mode of consumption, the purpose of uses, etc. Frequent field trips were carried out during the survey, and structured questionnaires collected information and interviews with the rural people, folk men and women. The study reveals 62 different plant species (17 herbs, 24 shrubs, 14 trees, 5 climbers, 2 types of grass) belonging to 34 families that have been principally used to treat different diseases.

Authors :
Chandan K Acharya : Research Scholar, Department of Life Science, Dr. C.V. Raman University, Kargi road, Kota, Bilaspur (C.G).
Naureen S Khan : Assistant Professor, Department of Life Science, Dr. C.V. Raman University, Kargi road, Kota, Bilaspur (C.G).
Nithar R Madhu : Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology, Acharya Prafulla Chandra College, New Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.8

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Response of Indian Cultivar of Isabgol on Halopriming under the Saline Condition

By: Sandhya R. Verma , Hitesh Kumar Solanki

Page No : 525-531

Abstract:
Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that strongly affect seed germination in agriculture. In order to fulfill the need of demand in agriculture, seed priming is one of the promising techniques that enhance seed germination and uniformity. Isabgol, one of India’s important medicinal crops, has a low germination rate. In Gujarat state, Isabgol has considered a cash crop, serving as a source of income to the farmers. Gujarat state faces many challenges, and seawater ingress is one of the major issues creating salinity in the soil, affecting seed germination. This research was carried out to study the effects of seed priming on seed germination behavior of Gujarat Isabgol variety 4. The method where KNO3 was used for priming with two different salinity levels, 0 dS/m, and 5.3 dS/m. The experiment was a completely randomized design. In this experiment, germination traits like germination percentage, Mean Germination Time, plumule length, radicle length, seed vigour, and fresh weight were measured. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software. The present study shows that halopriming with KNO3 at a lower concentration was quite an effective treatment since it significantly increased some of the germination traits of Gujarat Isabgol variety 4.

Authors :
Sandhya R Verma : Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Botany, Bio-informatics, Climate Change Impacts Management, USSC, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
Hitesh Kumar Solanki :Professor, Department of Botany, Bio-informatics, Climate Change Impacts Management, USSC, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.9

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Plant Latex- A Concise Review on the Exudate

By: Sanjukta Rajhans , Himanshu Pandya

Page No : 533-538

Abstract :
In this review article, an effort has been made to provide basic knowledge about plant latex. In this paper, the origin and evolutionary aspects of latex has been mentioned. The geographical distribution and classification along with the physical and anatomical traits have also been brought into limelight. Moreover, the presence of phytochemicals, proteins and variation of the content of rubber in latex has been referred in the paper respectively. This paper would be of great help in gaining deeper knowledge about the plant latex for future researches.

Authors:
Sanjukta Rajhans & Himanshu Pandya
Department of Botany, Bioinformatics, Climate Change Impacts Management Gujarat University, School of Sciences, Ahmedabad, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.10

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Status of Indian Medicinal Plants in Terms of Antibacterial Activity (In vitro): A Review of Literature

By: Jyoti Rana , Jagriti Rana , Bhishm Dutt , Anand Sagar

Page No : 539-553

Abstract:
In present article, authors have reviewed status of Indian medicinal plants in term of their antibacterial properties (2011-2020). This paper provides general information about names of plants, areas of collection, their family, parts used and solvents used during their extraction. An overview of bacterial strains, methods and standards used for antibacterial activity has also been discussed.

Authors :
Jyoti Rana, Jagriti Rana, Bhishm Dutt and Anand Sagar
Department of Biosciences, H. P. U. Summerhill, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.11

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Ethnomedicinal and Economic uses of Gymnosperms by Gujjar Tribes of Outer Seraj Area, Kullu District of Himachal Pradesh, Himalaya

By: Sunil Kumar Verma , Dushyant Kumar , Pawan Kumar Bhardwaj , Pop Rajanbir , S. P. Khullar

Page No : 555-567

Abstract:
The ethno-botanical data of total nine Gymnosperms belonging to three families were collected from the local people of the Karsog area and outer Seraj region of Himachal Pradesh. A complete list of the plants is given with their name, family and ethno botanical use, distribution and occurrence. Indigenous knowledge of local inhabitants about the use of native plants were collected during field trips through questionnaire The inhabitants of the area have to use the medicinal plants for various purposes and have for a long time been dependent on surrounding plant resources for their food, shelter, fodder’s, health, care and other cultural purposes. Pinus roxburghii, P. wallichiana, Cedrus deodara, Abies pindrow and Taxus wallichiana are prominent gymnosperms of outer Seraj region which are not only source of timber but also utilized as fuel wood and for medicinal purposes.

Authors :
Sunil Kumar Verma :Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, DAV College, Hoshiarpur, Punjab
Dushyant Kumar : Research Scholar, Department of Botany, SGTB Khalsa College, Shri Anandpur Sahib, Punjab.
Pawan Kumar Bhardwaj :Research Scholar, Department of Botany, SGTB Khalsa College, Shri Anandpur Sahib, Punjab.
Pop Rajanbir :Research Scholar, Department of Botany, SGTB Khalsa College, Shri Anandpur Sahib, Punjab.
S. P. Khullar : Professor Emeritus, Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.12

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Diversity Assessment, Utilization Pattern and Indigenous uses of Plants in Shri Naina Devi Conservation Area in District Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalayas

By: Pradeep Kumar , G K Dhingra , Rahul Chandora , L R Dangwal , Ajendra Singh Bagri , Ranjeeta Pundir , Sandeep Chand Upadhayay

Page No : 569-587

Abstract:
The Indian Himalayan region is one of the largest biodiversity hotspot in the world. In IHR most of the communities are lived in remote or rural area and are totally dependent on natural resources to fulfill their daily needs. Natural resources such as plant diversity is used as food, medicine, fodder, dye yielding, fuel, timber, rituals and various other function. Shri Naina Devi conservation reserve situated in Bilaspur districts of Himachal Pradesh has not been yet explored for plant diversity. The present study is carried out to assess the plant diversity and their utilization pattern and indigenous uses of the plants. A total 121 species recorded belonged from 107 genera and 57 families. Among these species shrub (26 spp.), tree (48 spp.), herb (47 spp.) were present. The families, Fabaceae (11 spp.), Asteraceae (10 spp.), Moraceae (8 spp.), Poaceae (7 spp.), Lamiaceae (4spp.), Solanaceae (4 spp ), Myrtaceae (4spp.) Brassicaceae (1 spp.); Euphorbiaceae (3 spp.); Rosaceae (3 spp.) were rich species. Among genera, Ficus (7 spp.), Allium (2 spp.), Bauhinia (2 spp.), Acacia (2 spp.), Cassia (2 spp.), Phyllanthus (2 spp.), Rumex (2 spp.), were the dominant genera. 91 species were of multipurpose utility and 30 species were monotypic. The species were used as medicine (107 spp.), food (27 spp.), fuel (37 spp.), fodder (57 spp.), ornamental (24 spp.) timber (9 spp.) and religious (6 spp.) by the inhabitants of the area. This paper gives the scientific name of wild plants along with common names, local names, family, life form, indigenous uses and plant part used by the local inhabitants of the area. Plant parts used such as whole plants, roots (including rhizomes and tubers), leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds and stems by the local people for curing various diseases.

Authors :
Pradeep Kumar : Department of Botany, Pt. L.M.S. Govt. PG College Rishikesh (Autonomous College), Uttarakhand, India.
G K Dhingra : Department of Botany, Pt. L.M.S. Govt. PG College Rishikesh (Autonomous College), Uttarakhand, India.
Rahul Chandora : ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resource, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India.
L R Dangwal : Department of Botany and Microbiology, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar, Uttrakhand, India.
Ajendra Singh Bagri : Department of Botany and Microbiology, H. N. B. Garhwal University, Srinagar, Uttrakhand, India.
Ranjeeta Pundir : Department of Chemistry, DSB Kumaun University Nainital, Uttarakhand, India.
Sandeep Chand Upadhayay : Department of Botany, DBS PG College Deharadun, Uttarakhand, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.13

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Potential Resources of NTFPs and Socio-economic Empowerment in the Rural Economy of Telangana, India

By: Omkar Kanneboyena , Sateesh Suthari , M. Tarakeswara Naidu , Geetha Sarede , Sreeramulu Nallella

Page No : 589-602

Abstract:
Forests are very important resources for the livelihood, sustenance and for commerce generation to forest inhabitants. Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) such as medicinal, leaves, flowers (corolla), fruits, seeds, bamboos, gums, resins offer seasonal employment to local people and provide socio-economic empowerment in the rural economy. The present study focuses on the NTFPs as potential resources and their role in livelihoods improvement of rural people of Telangana, India. Hence, over exploitation and unscientific harvesting practices are the major threats for the loss of natural resources and the present study highly recommends the conceptual framework for the conservation and sustainable management of NTFPs for their bio-based economy potential to the poorest section of society.

Authors :
Omkar Kanneboyena : Department of Botany, Kakatiya Government College, Hanamkonda, Telangana, India.
Sateesh Suthari : Centre for Floristic and Ethnobotanical Studies, Department of Botany, Vaagdevi Degree & PG College, Hanamkonda, Telangana, India.
M. Tarakeswara Naidu : Department of Botany, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Geetha Sarede : Department of Botany, Kavitha Memorial Degree & PG College, Khammam, Telangana, India.
Sreeramulu Nallella : Department of Botany, Kakatiya Mahila Degree & PG College, Hanamkonda, Telangana, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.14

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Study on Total Cyanide Content in Cassava Products Available in Kerala

By: Florence Treesa Winnie , Ashly Chandramohanan , Lakshmi Anil

Page No : 603-608

Abstract
The present study was an investigation to determine the amount of cyanogens present in various cassava products available in the local stores of Kerala and to study the possibility of deleterious effects as a result of consumption of high cyanide products. For this sago (Good life, Varalakshmi), round tapioca chips (Divine, Dev, Chipo), tapioca chips stick (Divine, Dev) were tested for its cyanide content using picrate method, in which sago (Good life, Varalakshmi) was found to be safe to consume. Tapioca chips (Divine, Chipo, Dev) and tapioca stick chips (Dev, Divine) are not safe to consume. Their cyanide content exceeds the standard level that can be present in the cassava products.

Authors :
Florence Treesa Winnie, Ashly Chandramohanan and Lakshmi Anil 
Department of Botany, St. Berchmans College, Changanacherry, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.15

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Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities from Leaf and Stem Extracts of Clematis hedysarifolia DC. : An Ethnomedicinal Plant

By: Sonali Ramrao Gawali , Jitendra Y. Nehete

Page No : 609-614

Abstract 
The pet ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and ethanol extracts of leaves and stems of plant Clematis hedysarifolia DC was assessed for their antimicrobial properties against Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus), Gram negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria and fungi (Candida sp.). Among all the extract only pet ether extract of leaves showing antimicrobial activity against Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. Further the stem extracts of ethyl acetate, n-butanol and ethanol solvents only showed considerable antifungal activity. However, the petroleum ether extract of stem showed highest antimicrobial activity against all the bacteria and fungi. Among all the solvents, the petroleum ether extract showed highest antimicrobial activity indicating the release of most of the bioactive substances dissolved in the solvent. The inhibition of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and fungi indicated the presence of broad spectrum antimicrobial substances in the stem pet ether extracts and only inhibition of gram positive bacteria in case of pet ether extract of leaves.
 

Authors :
Sonali Ramrao Gawali : Research Scholar, Department of Pharmacognosy, Savitribai Phule Pune University, India.
Jitendra Y. Nehete : HOD, Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacognosy, Savitribai Phule Pune University, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.16

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Phytotoxicity Assessment and Nanotechnological Remediation of Textile Industrial Dyes on Vegetation

By: Vibha Jaiman , Garima Avasthi

Page No : 615-628

Abstract
In current scenario, one of the most significant sources of pollution is textile dye and increasing day by day. Many issues confront global agriculture, including the sustainable use and protection of natural resources, climate change, urbanisation, and pollution caused by agrochemicals (e.g., fertilisers and pesticides). These businesses release a wide range of chemicals, dyes, acids and alkalis, as well as other toxic compounds such as heavy metals, all of which are known to be poisonous. The physico-chemical parameters of dye manufacturing effluents, as well as their impact on seed germination and plant growth, were studied. Nanotechnology is also being studied as a potential solution to the worldwide food crisis. The use of plants to remove toxins from the soil, such as heavy metals, trace elements, organic chemicals, and radioactive substances. It also explains how nanoparticles are becoming a popular method of desalination and it also faces the environmental challenges for the protection of plants.

Authors :
Vibha Jaiman and Garima Avasthi
Department of Life Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.17

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Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Bark Exudates in Selected Tree Species

By: K Parani , P Veera Lakshmi

Page No : 629-636

Abstract :
Plants have evolved multiple defense mechanisms against microbial pathogens and various types of environmental stress. Qualitative screening of phytochemical analysis from bark exudates of tree species (Cassia siamea, Araucaria, Artocarpus heterophyllus) were analysed. Tannins, alkaloids, steroids, saponins, reducing sugars, flavonoids, phenols, glycosides are present in aqueous and acetone extracts. But proteins and starch are present in acetone extracts of three bark samples. The maximum flavonoid content was observed in bark sample of Artocarpus heterophyllus, followed by Cassia siamea which was par with Araucaria. The highest amount of alkaloid and phenols were seen in Cassia followed by Artocarpus and Artocarpus heterophyllus. The maximum zone of inhibition were observed in aqueous and acetone extract of Cassia siamea by E. coli (20 mm) and Proteus vulgaris (18 mm). This was followed by acetone extract of Araucaria (15 mm) and Artocarpus heterophyllus (12 mm) by Proteus vulgaris. Whereas minimum zone of incubation were noted in aqueous extract of bark samples of Araucaria, Cassia (5.0 mm) and Artocarpus heterophyllus (4.0 mm) by E. coli and Bacillus subtilis. Bacterial antibiotic streptomycin which was used as positive controls were more effective compared to all the plant extracts tested against the bacterial pathogens. The aqueous extract of Cassia and Araucaria and acetone extract of Artocarpus heterophyllus showed the highest scavenging activity (Dark coloration) upon addition of FeCl3 which could be due to the high phenol content.

Authors :
K Parani : PG and Research Department of Botany, Sri Parasakthi College for Women, Courtallam (An Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Manonmanium Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli), Tamil Nadu, India.
P Veera Lakshmi : Research Scholar, PG and Research Department of Botany, Sri Parasakthi College for Women, Courtallam (An Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Manonmanium Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli), Tamil Nadu, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.18

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Antibacterial, Antioxidant Activities and Phytochemical Constituents of Jatropha curcas L. Leaves

By: Anand Sagar , Dimple Guleria , Amit Kumar Sehgal

Page No : 637-650

Abstract 
The study was carried out for investigation of antibacterial and antioxidant activities along with phytochemical analysis of leaf extracts of Jatropha curcas L. Extraction was done by using methanol and acetone solvents. Antibacterial activity was analysed by Agar well diffusion method against four human pathogenic bacteria, which included two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Streptomycin was taken as a standard and positive control. Both methanol and acetone leaf extracts showed higher inhibition against S. aureus (19.98 mm and 18.75 mm for methanol and acetone respectively, at 100 % conc.). Antioxidant activity was determined by using DPPH (2, 2- diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay and Reducing power assay. BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) was used as standard for both methods. Highest free radical scavenging activity was shown by leaf extract with IC50 value of 200.84 µg/ml for methanol leaf extract, and for reducing power method, methanol leaf extract showed antioxidant activity with EC50 value of 714.6 µg/ml. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, carbohydrate and protein. Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) results of leaf methanol extract showed 28 phytoconstituents with squalene [C30H50 (2,6,10,14,18,22-h Tetracosahexaene, 2,6,10,15,19,23- Hexamethyl)] (37.84%), as major compound and it possesses antioxidant, antitumour properties and also used in cosmetic dermatology. In conclusion, the particular study demonstrated the biological potency of leaf of J. curcas as antibacterial, antioxidant agent and provide support to its use as a traditional medicinal plant, and further investigations can be done to check its therapeutic potential by isolating the phytochemical constituents.

Authors :
Dimple Guleria, Amit Kumar Sehgal and Anand Sagar
Department of Biosciences, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, (H.P.), India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.19

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Nematicidal Activity of Natural Products against Root-knot Nematode: A Review

By: Shilpy Shakya

Page No : 651-662

Abstract
Phylum Nematoda is the most abundant group among the metazoans. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are a serious threat to agrarian plants worldwide. RKN is among the most predominant spp. which affects a variety of plants and vegetables. It is challenging for farmers to manage these nematodes. The usage of nematicides is an efficient means of management of plant-parasitic nematodes. The continuous use of chemical nematicides can cause augmentation in cases of nematode resistance. In order to fulfill the requirement of modern sustainable agriculture along with safe environment and human health, there is need to switch over to natural remedies to control RKNs. Lately, many research studies have been carried out to isolate product from natural resources and evaluate their nematicidal activity against these nematodes. The present review provides a summary of nematicidal activity of the naturally derived substances against Meloidogyne incognita over the past few years.

Author :
Shilpy Shakya : Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology, Government (PG) College Fatehabad, Agra, U. P., India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.20

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Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Phytochemicals and Anti-microbial Activity of Madhuca bourdillonii (Gamble) Lam

By: P Dorothy , M K Mahesh

Page No : 663-681

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the qualitative and quantitative analysis of Madhuca bourdillonii extracts and demonstrate its biological activities. The results of phytochemical analysis showed that the leaf water extract consists of more amount of total phenolics and tannins respectively of 7.4 mg of gallic acid/g and 113.28 mg%. Flavonoid content was found to be more in water extract of bark amounting to 40.73 mg of quercetin/g while the acetone extract of leaves showed more amounts of alkaloids accounting to 30.25 mg%. All the extracts of leaves and stems were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and pathogenic fungi using agar disc diffusion as well as well diffusion assays and subsequently MIC and MBC values were determined. Among all the bacteria tested, S. flexneri was most susceptible in both the assays exhibiting a zone of inhibition of 12.4 mm & 14.2 mm and 12.2 mm & 14.6 mm respectively for water and acetone extracts of bark. The IC50 values were found to be in the range of 4.52 - 31.34 mg/ml for all the tested bacteria. Among the fungal species tested, C. albicans was found to be susceptible with a zone of inhibition of 7.63 mm for bark water extract in disc diffusion assay and 12.36 mm with leaf ethanol extract in well diffusion assay. The IC50 values were found to be 12.37 - 31.65 mg/ml for C. albicans and F. oxysporium. The results show that Madhuca bourdillonii has excellent anti-bacterial properties which might help the development of novel lead drugs for treatment of various diseases.

Authors :
P Dorothy : Research Scholar, PG Department of Botany, Yuvaraja’s College, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
M K Mahesh : Professor, PG Department of Botany, Yuvaraja’s College, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.21

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Exploration of Endophytes from Azadirachta indica for Antifungal Activity

By: Seemadevi Suresh Kadam , Shivangi Shivraj Kanase

Page No : 683-690

Abstract
Endophytes are the plant associated microbes that live within the living tissues of their host plants without causing any harm to them. Bioprospecting of endophytes from understudied ecosystems is a promising source for extracting novel antifungal metabolites useful for pharmaceutical/cosmetic purposes. The aim of present study was to explore endophytes for antifungal activity against Aspergillus species and Candida species. To achieve this, endophytes were isolated from Azadirachta indica leaves. Cross streak and agar overlay methods were followed for screening for antifungal activity. Secondary antifungal activity was carried out for positive antifungal isolates using agar well diffusion method. In present study, twenty four fungal endophytes and fourteen bacterial endophytes were isolated from leaves of Azadirachta indica by optimizing suitable surface sterilization protocol. Out of these six bacterial isolates were found to produce antifungal compound against Candida albicans and two isolates were found to be inhibitory towards Aspergillus species. In secondary antifungal assay, one bacterial isolate showed anticandida activity. The results of this study suggest that these endophytes producing antifungal compounds may have medicinal value. Further studies related to characterization and identification of these compounds may lead to the development of novel products beneficial to human kind.

Authors :
Seemadevi Suresh Kadam and Shivangi Shivraj Kanase
P.G. Department of Microbiology, Yashvantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara, Maharashtra, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.22

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Active Anti-Inflammatory Potency of ?-Sitosterol from Woodfordia floribunda Salisb

By: Pankaj H. Naikwadi , Narendra D. Phatangare , Dhananjay V. Mane

Page No : 691-700

Abstract 
The Woodfordia floribunda Salisb has a very important role in the branch of medicinal chemistry as mentioned in literature. The plant contains a variety of bioactive constituents such as alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, glycosides, and phenolic compounds, out of these sterols and glycosides show antiinflammatory activity. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to ease pain and inflammation. The aim of our present study focuses on the isolation of Gama sitosterol and finding out the anti-inflammatory activity of the same. The compound was isolated by using a Soxhlet apparatus and Column chromatography. Then the crude extract of the plant by performing preliminary phytochemical analysis. From this data, we confirmed that the given plant extract has some phenolic, terpenoids, and steroids. After that, the crude extract was sent for GCMS study, and characterization is done by using Mass, 1 H-NMR, and 13C-NMR techniques. The anti-inflammatory potency of an isolated ?-sitosterol compound is measured by Carrageenan induced paw edema model by applying different dose sizes dependent on the weight of the animal, it is compared with standard diclofenac then some statistics and graphical data are made and it is confirmed that the phytol shows anti-inflammatory activity.

Authors :
Pankaj H. Naikwadi : School of Science and Technology, Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University, Nashik. Maharashtra, India.
Narendra D. Phatangare : Department of Chemistry, S. N. Arts, D. J. M. Commerce and B. N. S. Science College, Sangamner, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Dhananjay V. Mane : School of Science and Technology, Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University, Nashik, Maharashtra, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.23

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Plant-derived Bioactive Compounds Targeting MMP-9 for Treatment of Endometrial Carcinoma: An In silico Study

By: Farnaz Nabiya , Anchana Devi Chenniappan , Rajamiriyam Marichamy

Page No : 701-715

Abstract 
Endometrial cancer, also called uterine cancer, is the second most common and fourth leading cause of death among gynecological problems in the world. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) has been found to play an important role in the formation and metastases of endometrial cancer. Thus, this study investigates the naturally anti-inflammatory compounds available from plant sources that can target the MMP-9 by various in silico approaches. The target 1L6J (Crystal structure of human matrix metalloproteinase-9) structure was retrieved from the PDB database. Five plant compounds were selected based on Lipinski’s rule of five using the PubChem database. The pharmacokinetics, ADMET properties, and biological activity of these compounds were predicted computationally using databases such as SWISS-ADME, pkCSM, and PASS. Comparative analysis of the bioactive compounds with the target was performed by AutoDock 4.2.6. The target residues interacting with the compounds were visualized in a 2D manner using LigPlot v.2.2. Based on the docking results, the compounds namely lupeol, ß amyrin, ursolic acid, kaempferol, and quercetin exhibited binding energy value of -10.68 kcal/mol, -9.4 kcal/mol, -9.02 kcal/mol, -8.72 kcal/mol and -8.45 kcal/mol respectively; whereas the control drug, Megestrol acetate showed -8.84 kcal/mol kcal thus, indicating that few of the selected compounds were seen to have better binding energy comparative to the control drug. We conclude that lupeol, ß amyrin, and ursolic acid can be potent inhibitors of target MMP-9 with the least side effects. Therefore, by in vitro and in vivo studies, these compounds can be effectively explored to evaluate the level of toxicity and efficacy to develop more effective treatments for endometrial carcinoma.

Authors :
Farnaz Nabiya, Anchana Devi Chenniappan and Rajamiriyam Marichamy
P. G. and Research Department of Biotechnology, Women’s Christian College, Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.24

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HPTLC–densitometric and HPTLC–MS Methods for Analysis of Triterpenoids from Cucurbita maxima Peel

By: Apurva P. Bhatkande , Prafullchandra Teklae

Page No : 717-724

Abstract
Fruits and vegetables are integral part of our day to day. They are the main source of food for the living system. Large amount of agro-waste generated from food industries and kitchen pertaining to biggest nutritional loss, environmental problems and economical implications. Even though pomace, peels, rind and seeds are considered a waste part of plant they are still rich source of valuable compounds like polyphenols, oils, enzymes, vitamins, fiber, etc. which is just adjunct to its different uses. Present study conducted on waste pumpkin peel. HPTLC fingerprint profile of pumpkin peel methanol extract was performed using HPTLC plate of silica gel 60 F254 as the stationary phase and Toluene: Chloroform: Ethanol (4:4:1 V/V/V) as the mobile phase. After development chromatogram was scanned at 254 nm and 366 nm by densitometric scanner. Anisaldehyde in sulphuric acid is used as a detecting reagent which gives pink-violet and/or giving blue coloration after derivatization of plate. Further HPTLC-MS analysis gives the confirmation to detected terpenoids. Therefore, this waste peel part of the pumpkin can be used in an ingenious way by further purification, isolation and characterization.

Author :
Apurva P. Bhatkande and Prafullchandra Teklae
Guru Nanak Khalsa College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Matunga (East), Mumbai, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.25

Price: 500

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Phytochemical Profiling and GC-MS Analysis of Hybanthus species (Violaceae): Bioactive Properties

By: M. Ramyajuliet , P. S. Tresina , V. R. Mohan

Page No : 725-738

Abstract :
In the field of pharmacology, medicinal plants are of great importance to researchers as most pharmaceutical industries depend on medicinal plant for their raw materials. Hybanthus enneaspermus and Hybanthus travancoricus belong to the family Violaceae and are well known for its medicinal properties. The present study was carried out to evaluate the possible bioactive components present in the above plant species. Petroleum ether, benzene, ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, and aqueous extracts were subjected to qualitative test for the identification of phytoconstituents as per standard procedure. The functional groups of plant powders were identified using FT-IR analysis. The ethanol extracts were analyzed via GC-MS techniques. The phytochemical screening of different solvent extract of H. enneaspermus and H. travancoricus revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, glycosides, carbohydrates and xanthoproteins. The FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of hydroxyl, phenolics, alcohols, ester, amine, aromatic, alkanes and others. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of 15 for H. enneaspermus and 10 compounds for H. travancoricus, which include n-hexadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, undecane, neophytadiene, etc. The phytochemical profile and GC-MS analysis of H. enneaspermus and H. travancoricus revealed the presence of important bioactive compounds with medicinal properties. Hence, the presence of these phytoconstituents is responsible for the therapeutic effects.

Authors :
M. Ramyajuliet : Research Scholar, PG and Research Department of Botany, V. O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India (Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli).
P. S. Tresina : Ethnopharmacology Unit, PG and Research Department of Botany, V. O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India.
V. R. Mohan : Ethnopharmacology Unit, PG and Research Department of Botany, V. O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.26

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Persuasive and Strategic Approaches for Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, Quantitative Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Crude Plant Extracts from Clematis napaulensis DC Indigenous to Nagaland, India

By: P M Konyak , Moaakum , Z Hiese , S Lakshmana Prabu , V Hiese , T Ajungla , H S Rathore , K Ruckmani

Page No : 739-751

Abstract
The present study is designed to extract and investigate the bioactive phytoconstituents, their secondary metabolites, and antioxidant potential from the leaf extracts of Clematis napaulensis belonging to the family Ranunculaceae. Extract was investigated for its preliminary phytoconstituents by chemical analysis method. Quantification of total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteau assay; Total Flavonoid Content and Total Triterpenoid Content (TTC) were quantified by colorimetric method. Antioxidant potential was evaluated in vitro using Phosphomolybdenum assay, Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, Reducing power assay, and the DPPH method. The preliminary phytochemical screening results suggested that a wide variety of pharmacologically active phytoconstituents such as phenolic compounds, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids, gums, proteins, and reducing sugars were present whereas non-reducing sugar was absent. The total phenolic content in the methanolic extract was 0.8308 ?g/mL of gallic acid equivalent; the total flavonoid content of the plant was 1.3850 ?g/mL of quercetin equivalent and the total triterpenoid content was found to be 1.414 ?g/mL of oleanolic acid equivalent. In vitro antioxidant studies revealed that Clematis napaulensis possess good antioxidant potential. This is the first report of Clematis napaulensis, the phytochemical screening results suggested that the extract would be a potential alternative also it can be explored to discover and development of new chemical moieties for treating various diseases.

Authors :
P M Konyak : Department of Botany, Kohima Science College, Jotsoma, Kohima, Nagaland, India.
Moaakum : Department of Science & Technology- Nagaland Science & Technology Council, Govt. of Nagaland, Kohima, India.
Z Hiese : Department of Science & Technology- Nagaland Science & Technology Council, Govt. of Nagaland, Kohima, India.
S Lakshmana Prabu : Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering (BIT Campus), Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, India.
K Ruckmani : Department of Botany, Nagaland University, Lumami, India.
V Hiese : Department of Botany, Kohima Science College, Jotsoma, Kohima, Nagaland, India.
T Ajungla : Department of Botany, Nagaland University, Lumami, India.
H S Rathore : Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Nagaland University, Dimapur, India.

 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.27

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Micropropagation of Rhododendron campanulatum D.Don Growing in Kashmir Himalaya

By: Iram Ashraf Qazi , Shabeena Yaseen , Zahoor Ahmad Kaloo

Page No : 753-764

Abstract 
Rhododendron campanulatum D.Don belongs to family Ericaceae, is an ornamental and medicinal plant which is commonly known as ‘Nichnai’ in Kashmir. During the present study, in vitro propagation strategies were used for micropropagation of Rhododendron campanulatum. Seeds of R. campanulatum were inoculated on Anderson Rhododendron basal medium (ARM) and also ARM supplemented with various auxins and cytokinins in different combinations and concentrations. Seed germination was observed on Anderson Rhododendron basal medium (ARM) and ARM + BAP (3mg/l) within 35.34 and 30.42 days of culture respectively. Seed germination was also observed on basal WPM as well as on WPM +2,4-D (4mg/l), WPM+BAP (1mg/l), WPM+BAP (2mg/l) respectively. In addition, callus production as well as shoot formation was observed on ARM supplemented with 2,4-D (3 and 4 mg/l) within 56.41 and 70.16 days respectively. Callus obtained from seed explants was subcultured on WPM supplemented with different cytokinins having different combinations. Among different cytokinin-cytokinin combinations used, WPM+2ip(2mg/l)+TDZ (4mg/l) induced maximum mean number 4.6±0.3 of shoots. The in vitro raised plantlets were acclimatized using cocopeat & perlite having different ratios as well as in garden soil under greenhouse conditions.

Authors :
Iram Ashraf Qazi, Shabeena Yaseen and Zahoor Ahmad Kaloo
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, J&K, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.28

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Effect of Short-term Heat Stress on Photosynthetic Performance in Succulent Plant Cissus quadrangularis L

By: Upma Bhatt , Shubhangani Sharma , Vineet Soni , Hari Dev

Page No : 765-771

Abstract 
Plant communities are very sensitive to abiotic stresses like cold, heat, flood and drought. Heat stress defined as high temperature than standard temperature, at which biological activities influence. Plant growth is affected by HS in a range of biochemical, physiological, molecular and cellular levels. Cissus quadrangularis is a succulent medicinally important that has adapted for the xerophytic environment. But the extremely high temperature affects the plant physiology. Photosynthesis is the most susceptible process to heat stress. The OJIP analysis shows the minor deviation in PIcs at 45?C, at this temperature plant increases antenna size. So the specific (ABS/RC, TR/RC and ET/RC) and phenomenological fluxes (ABS/CS, TR/ CS and ET/CS) lifted. While, due to the immense declined in Fm the PS-II and LHCs dissociated at 60?C, a huge reduction was also observed in PIcs and PIabs at this high temperature. There was no cent percent recovery even after 5 days which shows the acute damage of PS-II.

Authors :
Shubhangani Sharma, Hari Dev, Upma Bhatt and Vineet Soni
Plant Bioenergetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.29

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Synthesis, Characterization and Pharmacological Evaluation of Ethanolic Extract of Sarcostemma brevistigma for its Anti-inflammatory and Antipsoriatic Activity

By: M P Pawar , Ruchi Choubey

Page No : 773-778

Abstract 
The goal of this work was to test the anti-inflammatory and anti-psoriatic properties of an ethanolic extract of Sarcostemma brevistigma stem in the formation of a hydrogel utilizing several mouse models. The methanolic fraction was obtained by fractionating an ethanolic extract of Sarcostemma brevistigma stem with methanol. Viscosity, spreadability, drug release profile, pH, homogeneity, physical properties and irritant impact of the prepared hydrogel were assessed. Percentage inhibition, nitric oxide (NO), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in mice ears following acute inflammation caused by croton oil were all measured. Physical examination revealed that the produced hydrogels were brownish in color and had a homogenous and smooth look when applied. All other test criteria, including as pH, viscosity, spreadability, and consistency, were determined to be acceptable in the F3 hydrogel formulation. The optimal F3 formulation component was 1.5 g of Carbopol 940 and 1% sodium CMC. In xylene-induced ear edema in mice, the percent suppression of edema was found to be equivalent to the standard group of therapy (69.58 %). The results of this investigation show that a produced hydrogel of SB extract has inhibitory activity on acute inflammation. The capacity of croton oil to promote neutrophil influx in mouse ear tissue was shown in this study. Treatment with extract hydrogels, as well as Voltaren Emulgel, substantially decreased MPO and NO levels in mice ears (P < 0.01). The presence of flavonoids in Sarcostemma brevistigma may explain why the methanol extracts have a substantial anti-inflammatory effect.

Authors :
M P Pawar and Ruchi Choubey
RKDF College of Pharmacy, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan University, Bhopal (M. P.).
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.30

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A Review of SAR Image Processing for Mangrove above Ground Biomass Estimation

By: Archana Singh , Seema Mahajan

Page No : 779-789

Abstract
Mangrove biomass monitoring has become critical today, as it aids in measuring the amount of carbon that will be contained in these forests in the future. Remote sensing is possibly the solution for estimating AGB on a large scale. It allows biomass assessments over large areas, providing a spatially comprehensive measure of forest biomass variance in a relatively short time and at a low cost. Because of the penetration capability of radar remote sensors, the high-frequency L-band and P-band can be used to measure aboveground biomass effectively. The study emphasizes the importance of Synthetic Aperture Radar imaging and the correlation between backscatter reflectance of remotely sensed data and live biomass over a given area. Despite many studies on the use of machine learning algorithms for biomass estimation, no single model fits all problems. Furthermore, finding the best machine learning model is critical for advancing global expertise in the field of mangrove forest management. The hybrid models such as extreme gradient boosting regression (XGBR) and extreme Gradient Boosting (XBoost) are also used along with regression models linear regression, multilayer perceptron (MLP), and machine learning approaches like support vector Machine (SVM), random and random forest (RF) is used in mangrove studies. In comparison to the allometric equations based on ground truth data, remote sensing methods are coming up as an effective tool for AGB estimation of mangroves. This vision survey focuses on SAR radar remote sensing-based studies in mangrove forest biomass estimation and the limitation of SAR imaging in AGB estimation.

Authors :
Archana Singh : Assistant Professor, Computer Engineering Department, Gandhinagar Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
Seema Mahajan : Associate Professor, Computer Engineering Department, Indus University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.31

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Heterosis and Inbreeding Depression Analysis in Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

By: D R Bhardwaj , Akhilesh Kumar Singh

Page No : 791-800

Abstract
Experiment with 45 hybrids (F1s) under 10 x 10 diallel analysis was carried out to estimate the extent of heterosis over mid and better parents for yield and its contributing traits in bitter gourd. The inbreeding depression for various traits was also worked out. Analysis of variance indicated highly significant differences for almost all characters except plant height suggesting presence of wide genetic variability. The heterosis exhibited for fruit characters and fruit yield was mostly positive. Ten cross combinations (DVBTG-1 x VRBT-6, VRBT-94 x VRBT-39, VRBT-94 x VRBT-49, VRBT-94 x VRBT-103, VRBT-94 x VRBT-63, VRBT-94 x VRBT-32, VRBT-94 x VRBT-6, VRBT-41 x VRBT-6, VRBT-103 x VRBT-6 and VRBT-63 x VRBT-32) which recorded high heterosis for yield and also expressed high heterosis for yield components, indicating the additive or synergistic effect on the fruit yield. These cross combinations can be utilized for commercial exploitation and determining the strategies for future in bitter gourd hybrid development. The inbreeding depression results due to fixation of unfavorable recessive genes in F2 . In the present results high inbreeding depression indicates the presence of non-additive gene action (dominance and epistasis) for the traits like first male and female flower anthesis, fruit weight, plant height and number of fruits/plant. The minimum inbreeding depression was observed in cross VRBT-32 x VRBT-6 and VRBT-94 x VRBT-49.

Authors :
D R Bhardwaj and Akhilesh Kumar Singh
Principal Scientist (Veg. Sci.), Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, U.P.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.32

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Yield Performance of Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids under Different Nutrient Levels

By: Mahesh Kumar , Tosh Garg

Page No : 801-804

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during spring season 2020 to study the yield performance of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids under different nutrient levels. Three nutrient levels (125:60:30, 156:75:38, 188:90:45 kg N:P2 O5 :K2 O /ha) as main plots and seven hybrids (PM 17201L, PM 17205L, DKC 9197, PM 17208L, RASI 4118, P 3522 and KMH 25K45) in sub-plots were evaluated for their influence on growth, yield attributes and yield of maize. Application of nutrients @ 188:90:45 kg/ ha resulted in significantly higher stover and grain yield (126.6 and 93.2 q/ha, respectively) as compared to the nutrients @ 125:60:30 q/ha (101.0 and 79.2 q/ha, respectively), however, it was statistically at par with nutrients @ 156:75:38 kg/ha (122.9 and 90.3 q/ha, respectively). Among different hybrids, RASI 4118 recorded significantly higher stover (129.0 q/ha) and grain yield (95.2 q/ha) as compared to others except KMH 25K45 and DKC 9197.

Authors :
Mahesh Kumar and Tosh Garg
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.33

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Karyomorphological Analysis in Strychnos dalzellii C. B. Cl. and Strychnos minor Dennst. - The Indigenous Climbers of India

By: Aswathy Ravindran , Bandana Nabis Das

Page No : 805-809

Abstract
Karyomorphological characterizations are important for accounting floristic geography, origin, evolution, speciation and helps in the documentation of these species genetically. In the present study, a detailed karyotype analysis has been developed for Strychnos dalzellii C. B. Cl. and Strychnos minor Dennst. - the two prosperously growing, ethnomedicinally well-known climbers of the family Loganiaceae. The chromosome number of S. dalzellii and S. minor was found to be 2n=38 and 2n=40 and the karyotypic formula is A12 + B16 + C10 = 2n = 38 and A6 + B14 + C20 = 2n= 40 is respectively. On the basis of position of centromere, the formula can be written as, m34 + sm3 + st1 = 2n= 38 and m38+ sm2 = 2n=40 for Strychnos dalzellii C. B. Cl. and Strychnos minor Dennst. respectively. This pool of genetic variation needs to be measured and recorded to increase the awareness of the importance in adopting conservation and sustainable utilization.

Authors :
Aswathy Ravindran : Research Scholar, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India.
Bandana Nabis Das : Associate Professor, Department of Botany, Handique Girls’ College, Guwahati, Assam, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.34

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Exploring the Grass Flora of Mizoram, India

By: S. Pathak

Page No : 811-818

Abstract 
The present study was conducted to explore the diversity and generate a documentation of the family Poaceae (grasses) in the state of Mizoram, North East India. The state forms a significant segment of both the Himalayan and the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspots. As an outcome of extensive survey and morphological characterization, 6 (six) species under the family Poaceae were established to be newly growing in this region. Each taxon has been critically examined with taxonomic information such as descriptions, vivid illustrations, accepted name, basionym, type, phenology, materials studied, uses and present distributional data have been provided.

Authors :
S. Pathak : Department of Botany, Mahadevananda Mahavidyalaya, Monirampore, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.35

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Study on Phenology of Some Papilionoid Taxa (Papilionoideae- Leguminosae)

By: Rachitha C. J , K. Krishnaswamy

Page No : 819-826

Abstract 
Phenology emphasizes the significant timing of biological events occurring in an annual cycle of the plant and explains seasonal aspects of an ecological phenomenon. The current work describes the phenological studies of Papilionoideae taxa in Hosadurga and Holalkere taluks of Chitradurga districts (Karnataka, India). Different phenophases like leafing, flowering, fruiting, and leaf fall were observed for 52 species that belong to 34 genera of Papilionoideae taxa. Investigation of important phenophases clearly showed the peak period of different phenophases and helped to understand how it differs from region to region and also with environmental changes and economic concerns of that area. The obtained database can be utilized for further conservation and biodiversity maintenance in that region.

Authors :
Rachitha C. J : Department of Botany, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India.
K. Krishnaswamy : Department of Botany, Sahyadri Science College, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.36

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A Study on the Micromorphological and Beaded Stamen of Three Species of Pogostemon Desf. (Lamiaceae Linn.) in Assam, India

By: Chayanika Bordoloi , G. C. Sarma

Page No : 827-834

Abstract
The morphology and distribution of the trichomes on the aerial parts and the feature of moniliform hairs in the stamen of Pogostemon Desf. of Assam, India were studied to understand the significance of these characters for taxonomic purposes. The three species studied are Pogostemon brachystachyus Benth., Pogostemon quadrifolius (Benth.) F. Muell, and Pogostemon strigosus (Benth.) These species of Pogostemon Desf. were mostly terrestrial while few species growing in marshy areas also. The trichomes on leaves and the moniliform hairs or beaded stamen of all the three species were investigated by both Light microscope and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The stamen with hairs was considered a unique feature that makes it a distinct genus in the family Lamiaceae, and also helps in the identification. The main types of trichomes that were distinctively observed on the leaf surfaces are, simple non-glandular unicellular and multicellular trichomes and peltate, glandular trichomes. Moniliform hairs and trichome morphology of Pogostemon brachystachyus, Pogostemon quadrifolius, and Pogostemon strigosus have not been studied previously in the study area and such investigations on Pogostemon in the study area are rather limited

Author :
Chayanika Bordoloi : Department of Botany, USTM. Meghalaya.
G. C. Sarma : Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Assam.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.37

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A Study on Angiospermic Diversity of Vardhman Mahaveer Open University Campus, Kota (Rajasthan)

By: Rajendra Prasad , Dilip Kumar Sharma , Dilip K Rathore

Page No : 835-845

Abstract
The existence of mankind depends on the existence of plants and organisms. An important step towards protection of the local and endangered plants can be conservation of the local plant communities in the premises of educational and government institutions. Vardhman Mahaveer Open University Campus (25 acres) is a unique area. In an exploratory survey of VMOU campus, a total of 113 plant species under 45 families have been recorded. Of these 113 species, 12 are shrubs (11 %), 33 Herbs (29 %) 29 climbers (26 %) and 39 species belong to trees (34 %). Fabaceae is found to be dominant having highest (22) number of species followed by Apocynaceae (07). The present study deals with plant diversity of angiosperms found in the campus of VMOU Campus, Kota, Rajasthan.

Authors :
Rajendra Prasad : Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, Government College, Bundi, Rajasthan, India.
Dilip Kumar Sharma : Regional Director, Vardhman Mahaveer Open University, Kota, Rajasthan, India.
Dilip K Rathore : Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, Government College, Bundi, Rajasthan, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.38

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Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes l.) as a Potential Adsorbent of Basic Fuchsin Dye

By: Sandeep Chand Upadhyay , A. B. Bajpai , Pardip Kumar

Page No : 847-859

Abstract
In textile sector uses a huge volume of water and chemicals, including inorganic compounds, polymers, and organic products. Textiles effluents including different types of dyes like acidic, reactive, basic, disperse, azo, diazo, anthraquinone and metal-complex dye. Textile effluents create chronic ecological problems due to their toxicity, pernicious and carcinogenic characters and, at present, purification process of textile effluents is a critical problem for society. Biosorption process through water hyacinth biomass as a fructuous and inexpensive process for the expel of dyes from textile industrial colorants. In the present study, biosorption of basic fuchsin dye was carried out using different doses of the dried and powdered biomass of water hyacinth. The dose of plant biomass (50mg to 400mg) observed high percentage of adsorption at 20 ppm dye concentration. The results of Freundlich adsorption isotherm showed a better biosorption than Langmuir adsorption model. FTIR spectra of the unloaded and dye loaded biomass showed the change in the surface chemistry of the biosorbent and predicted the role of C=N (Very StrongVS), C=S (Strong- S), CH2 (Strong-S), CH=CH (Strong- S) groups in the removal of basic fuchsin dye from the aqueous solutions.
 

Authors :
Sandeep Chand Upadhyay : Department of Botany, D. B. S (PG) College Dehradun, Uttarakhand.
A. B. Bajpai : Department of Botany, D. B. S (PG) College Dehradun, Uttarakhand.
Pardip Kumar : Department of Biotechnology, C. C. S. University, Meerut.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.39

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Biodegradation of Carbendazim (CRD) by Microorganisms Isolated from Pesticides Contaminated Soil

By: Nilesh P. Bhosle

Page No : 861-874

Abstract
Excessive use of pesticides has been known to create hazardous to the environment, including affecting soil fertility may also impart toxicity in living organisms. Presently, there have been biological approaches implicated to reduce or eradicate pesticides through physical and chemical methods are inefficient. Microorganisms have a potential to mineralize carbendazim with the help of nutrient minimal mineral salt (MMS) medium and soil. Microorganisms were developed resistant against carbendazim MMS medium and they were identified based on its colony morphological characters and 16s rDNA gene sequencing. A total of four bacteria were identified and evaluated for the degradation of Carbendazim. Initially, all bacteria were grown in MMS media supplemented with fungicide to acclimatized and use Carbendazim as sole source of Carbon. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) was carried out and removal of Carbendazim were recorded after 3, 7, 11 and 14 days of incubation period. Bioremediation of carbendazim was analysed in three defined concentration as 100 mg/l, 200 mg/l, and 300 mg/l in µg/ml ratio. After every 14 days interval, the final concentration of Carbendazim and their residues were determined by HPLC technique. HPLC profiling revealed that P. aeruginosa degrade the carbendazim up to 90.03%, 79.22% and 64.42% followed by P. fluorescens 72.33%, 71.83% and 55.08% at three defined concentrations respectively. Microbial consortium with cow dung slurry was also tested to degrade Carbendazim in the soil and it was observed that COD was reduced while 70.48 % degradation was recorded. HPLC-MS analysis found 2-aminobenzimidazole (134.48 m/z) and unknown metabolite with molecular ions (M+ ) of m/z 132.91, 159.99, 192.01 and 218.90. The toxicity of Carbendazim was observed on fish and seed germination of wheat and mung bean. In fish assay, the survival period of fishes was high in Carbendazim degraded compounds as compared to the aquarium containing pure Carbendazim. Similarly, seed germination of both wheat and mung bean were found to be grater in Carbendazim degraded residues than pure Carbendazim. It indicates that microbial degradation of Carbendazim is eco-friendly (less toxic) to the microbial population as the degraded residues exhibited low toxicity to fish and seed germination of wheat and mung bean. Out of four tested bacteria, P. aeruginosa was found to be most potential followed by P. fluorescence for degradation of Carbendazim. Both are capable to utilize Carbendazim as a sole source of carbon and energy it convert into nontoxic compounds, therefore obtained metabolites are eco-friendly. This technique can be applied on large scale to degrade the toxic compound in soil and also beneficial for soil remediation.

Authors :
Nilesh P. Bhosle : Department of Botany, Siddharth Arts, Commerce and Science College, Jafrabad, Maharashtra, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.40

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Comprehensive Analysis of Chromium Degrading Bacteria from Tannery Effluent

By: Jenny S , Aruna V , Jeyabharathi S , Jeenathunisa N

Page No : 875-881

Abstract
Experiments were carried out to isolate Hexavalent chromium reducing bacterial cultures (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) from the sludge of leather industry collected from Ranipet industrial area and its ability to reduce hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium was performed. Different parameters such as inoculum volume, optimum temperature, medium, and pH were studied for efficient reduction of chromium (VI) by using the isolated organisms. The isolates were tested for the tolerance to different heavy metals; the three isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration test.

Authors :
Jenny S, Aruna V, Jeyabharathi S and Jeenathunisa N
Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Cauvery College for Women (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.41

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Association of Pseudomonas syringae pv. apii with the Seed of Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.)

By: Nanda Ram , Vishal Sharma , Indu Singh Sankhla , Kailash Agrawal

Page No : 883-892

Abstract
Present study aimed to isolate, identify and characterize the bacterial pathogens associated with ajwain seeds using biochemical and molecular methods. One hundred thirty-nine seed samples of ajwain were collected from various districts of Rajasthan. Twenty-four bacterial isolates were isolated and purified from collected seed samples. All strains were characterised for their biochemical activity. All isolates were tested for genetic diversity by using amplified rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA). Selective strains were subjected for 16S rDNA sequencing and molecular phylogeny study. Most strains were positive for levan production, tobacco hypersensitivity, gelatine liquefaction and aesculin hydrolysis but showed negative reactions for activities of oxidase, tartrate utilisation, potato soft rot, tyrosinase and arginine dihydrolase. These isolates were distinguished into three groups based on the ARDRA pattern. Selected isolates (KANRJ 1507, KANRJ 1562 and KANRJ 1637) were subjected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In phylogenetic analysis all three isolates showed 99.85% similarities to each other. In addition, KANRJ 1507 showed 99.93% sequence similarity to P. syringae pv. apii strain BS426 while KANRJ 1562 and KANRJ 1637 showed 99.85% sequence similarity with P. syringae pv. apii strain BS426 isolated from Petroselinum crispum in California, USA. It was also observed that KANRJ 1507 and other two strains (KANRJ 1562 and 1637) showed 99.61% and 99.54% sequence similarities respectively with P. syringae pv. maculicola isolated from radish in the USA.

Authors :
Nanda Ram, Vishal Sharma, Indu Singh Sankhla and Kailash Agrawal
Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.42

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Impact of Water Deficit and Salinity Stress on the Growth and Development of Oenothera biennis L.

By: Sikha Sharma

Page No : 893-905

Abstract
The present study aimed at determining the morphological response of Oenothera biennis L. under water stress and salinity stress. Water deficit and salinity stress are one of the major abiotic stress factors show negative impact on growth, development and yield on different agricultural activities. Thus demands the need of developing water deficit and salt tolerant plant varieties. Oenothera biennis L. is one of the important medicinal plant with several medicinal properties, but information related to morphological response which helps in determining the level of water and salinity stress tolerance in Oenothera biennis L. has not been reported yet. So, the present study is carried out to investigate the effect of water stress and salinity stress under different concentrations i.e. water stress (-0.01 M Pa, -0.03 M Pa, -0.05 M Pa and -0.07 M Pa) and salinity stress (25 mM, 50 mM, 75 mM and 100 mM NaCl) on shoot length, no. of leaves, no. of flowers, no. of nodes, seed yield and root length. At lower water and salinity stress concentrations the Oenothera biennis L. has shown tolerance in terms of morphological features. In overall, Oenothera biennis L. is tolerant to mild water stress and salinity stress.

Author :
Sikha Sharma : Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, Sikh National College, Banga, S. B. S. Nagar, Punjab, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.43

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Genetic Diversity Analysis in Foxtail Millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.] Genotypes

By: D Purushotama Rao , H P Chaturvedi

Page No : 907-918

Abstract
Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) is one of the least studied crops in terms of genetic resource characterization and genetic enhancement while compare to cereals. Hundred foxtail millet lines representing the national collection were evaluated at Medziphema, Nagaland University in Summer-2022 for polygenic trait evaluation and data subjected to genetic diversity analyses. Hundred foxtail millet genetic resources were divided into ten clusters by non-hierarchical cluster analysis (k-mean) was used and Elbow method was used to find out the optimum number of clusters. Genotypes were grouped into different cluster viz. Cluster I (6), Cluster II (9), Cluster III (12), Cluster IV (4), Cluster V (9), Cluster VI (8), Cluster VII (14), Cluster VIII (17), Cluster IX (17) and Cluster X (4). Cluster X had four accessions which are characterized by desired mean values and the genotypes belongs to these clusters can be utilized for the future breeding programs. The first five PCA components generated up to 82.43 percent of the diversity across genotypes tested for various agro-morphological variables. The first principal component explained 37.50 percent while, the second, third, fourth and five principal component exhibited 16.53 percent, 10.91 percent, 9.53 percent and 7.49 percent variability respectively, among the germplasm lines for the traits under study. Genotypes G2, G5, G10, G27 have low values for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height and high values for panicle length, flag leaf length and peduncle length, biological yield, fodder yield and grain yield per plant so that these genotypes can be used for general cultivation under Nagaland conditions and these materials could be used in further breeding programme.

Authors :
D Purushotama Rao and H P Chaturvedi
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Nagaland University, SASRD, Medziphema.

 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2022.38.02.44

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Obituary

By: No author

Page No : 919-920

 

Jan-2021 to Jun-2021

Pogostemon auricularius (L.) Hassk: In-vitro Antimicrobial, Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Study

By: Junali Chetia , L.R. Saikia

Page No : 1-7

Abstract
Pogostemon auricularius (L.) Hassk is a weed has various medicinal value. The present study describes the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity and phytochemicals present in different aerial parts of the plant. Flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, reducing sugar and phenols are sampled in all the parts. Methanol extract of inflorescence had highest phenol and flavonoid content. Methanol extract of mature leaves had highest antioxidant inhibition against ABTS. Hot petroleum ether extract of mature leaf against B. subtilis recorded Zone of Inhibition of 24±2mm which is higher than standard antibiotics like-Chloramphenicol (15±2mm), Clotrimazole (20±0mm) and Streptomycitin (18±0mm). It can be concluded that methanol extract is more potent than the other solvent used. The study suggests that instead of using whole plantwhole plant, specific parts can be used for sustainable management of medicinal plants.

Author :
Junali Chetia and L.R. Saikia
Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam-786004.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.1

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Bio-based Metal Oxide Nanocomposite Synthesis and its Application in Removing Toxic Dyes from Water Wastes

By: Imtiyaz Rasool Parrey

Page No : 9-16

Abstract 
Iron oxide (Fe3 O4 ) nanoparticles with small size were synthesized by the chemical precipitation method in the presence of biopolymer chitosan. To achieve more discrete nanoparticles and the versatile applications of chitosan it is used for the preparation of chitosan iron oxide nanoparticles. Chitosan covalently bonded on the surface of Iron oxide nanoparticles via chemical activator. Both free chitosan and the chitosan nanocomposite were characterized by using FT-IR, powder XRD, SEM, TGA, and Uv- Vis spectroscopy. The equilibrium swelling studies provide support for the improved structural stability of chitosan incorporated with materials over the synthetic precursors. Scanning electron microscope studies reveal the enhanced surface area and adjustable morphology of the incorporated chitosan materials, along with equilibrium and kinetic uptake results with methylene blue dye in aqueous media, revealing greater uptake of chitosan over pristine chitosan composites. The monolayer uptake capacity (Qm; mg g–1) with methylene blue reveals three fold variation for Qm, where chitosan nanocomposite (445.6 mg g–1) > chitosan (289.9 mg/g). The kinetic uptake profiles of congo red follow a pseudo-second-order trend, where the chitosan shows more rapid uptake over chitosan composite. This study reveals that the sorption properties of chitosan are markedly improved upon the formation of a chitosan nanocomposite.

Author :
Imtiyaz Rasool Parrey : Department of Chemistry, Government Women College, Anantnag, Jammu and Kashmir.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.2

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In Vitro Propagation of Water Caltrop (Trapa Natans.)

By: Imtiyaz Rasool Parrey

Page No : 17-22

Abstract
Present investigation was carried out with the objectives to optimize the conditions of culture medium, shoot proliferation and rooting for mass production of water caltrop trees (Trapa natans.). For sterilization of axillary bud, explants and shoot apexes of wonderful water caltrop treatment, involving HgCl2 (0.1 %) for 3 min gave better sterilization and efficient in vitro propagation is described for wonderful water caltrop using shoot tip and axillary bud explants. The best media for establishment was observed on DKW medium just for the first three weeks. After that, explants sub cultured on WPM medium for proliferation and elongation. ½MS and full MS was used for rooting. Maximum number of shoot (3.9) per explants and shoot length (1.5 to 2.95 cm) were obtained on WPM medium supplemented with 0.8 mg/l B A P + 0.01 mg/L IBA in medium. The highest rooting number was recorded on ½MS medium containing IBA 1mg/l. (1.4) roots per explant. Significantly, higher number of shoots (2.5) and maximum length (2.95cm) of shoot were recorded in 3 percent sucrose, (3000 lux) light intensity and pH 5.8. Rooted plantlets were adopted and transferred to the soil successfully.

Author :
Imtiyaz Rasool Parrey : Department of Chemistry, Government Women College, Anantnag, Jammu and Kashmir.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.3

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Assessment of genetic diversity of Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. (kendu) growing in Jharkhand, India using RAPD markers

By: Amita Kumari , Avinash Kumar

Page No : 23-31

Abstract
Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. (Family: Ebenaceae), is a native tree of India and Sri Lanka. The species has been used extensively in Indian traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases including diarrhoea, cholera, dysentery, intermittent fevers, bleeding gums, bronchitis, pneumonia, etc. Commercially, its leaves are used in the manufacture of Indian crude cigarette ‘bidi’. Despite of its medicinal and economic importance the genetic structure of D. melanoxylon has not been elucidated. The present study reports the first attempt of genetic dissection of D. melanoxylon using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers. The nature and extent of genetic diversity of 48 genotypes, collected from 8 districts, growing naturally in different parts of the Jharkhand, were determined. The RAPD fingerprints detected 73.96% polymorphism among 96 genetic loci amplified. The dendrogram thus generated resulted into clustering of populations into population specific groups as well as admixture of populations. The genotypes from West Singhbhum were clustered separately from the other genotypes. The mean value for Shannon’s index (I), Nei’s genetic diversity (h), observed numbers of allele (na), effective numbers of alleles (ne) was 0.3618, 0.2375, 1.7396, and 1.3969, respectively. The calculated gene flow was found to be 1.0776, indicative of a high amount of genetic exchange within the species. The result presented here can be a stepping stone for future researches on the population genetics of this species.

Authors :
Amita Kumari and Avinash Kumar
Department of Botany, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.4

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Microscopy of Helicteres Fruits

By: S. R. Chaudhari , H. L. Tare , D. S. Chumbhale , G.Y. Dama , S. R. Deore

Page No : 33-40

Abstract
In this short communication, we hereby report Microscopy of fruits of Helicteres isora Linn. It will surely be useful to global researchers in preparation of pharmacopoeial standards for the same.

Authors :
S. R. Chaudhari : KJ’s Educational Institute’s Trinity College of Pharmacy, Pune, M.S., India.
H. L. Tare : Amrutvahini Sheti and Shikshan Vikas Sanstha’s Amrutvahini College of Pharmacy, Sangamner, Savitribai Phule Pune University, M.S., India.
D. S. Chumbhale : Amrutvahini Sheti and Shikshan Vikas Sanstha’s Amrutvahini College of Pharmacy, Sangamner, Savitribai Phule Pune University, M.S., India.
G.Y. Dama : Shree Gajanan Maharaj Shikshan Prasarak Mandal’s Sharadchandra Pawar College of Pharmacy, Dumbarwadi, Otur, Tal. Junnar, Dist. Pune, M.S., India.
S. R. Deore : R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dist. Dhule, M.S., India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.5

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Scrutiny of Genetic System of Artemisia scoparia Waldst & Kit., a Functionally Monoecious Perennial with Wide Distribution in the North West Himalayas, J&K, India

By: Uma Bharti , Eshan Sharma , Indu Sharma , Namrata Sharma

Page No : 41-50

Abstract
Artemisia scoparia Waldst & Kit. (F: Asteraceae), a potent source of scoparone forms populations in foot hills of North-West Himalayas at different climes that include Jammu (332 masl), Rajouri (915 masl) and Kud (1705 masl) regions of J&K state, India. It is a luxuriantly growing plant in the areas of study. The plant exhibits a stable genetic system with diploid chromosome constitution (2n=16) and high pollen viability resulting in high sexual reproductive efficiency. An interesting feature in the species of study is the presence of functional monoecy. The species is predominantly an outcrosser exploiting anemophily. Seed set on open pollination is adequate in dense populations ranging from 52.5% to 60.4%. Present communication encompasses detailed studies on the genetic system of this wormwood species; with focus on the role of functional males in the capitula in percentage seed set in this species

Authors :
Uma Bharti, Eshan Sharma, Indu Sharma and Namrata Sharma
Department of Botany, University of Jammu.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.6

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Distyly in Neanotis indica (DC.) W.H. Lewis (Rubiaceae)

By: Bir Bahadur

Page No : 51-59

Abstract
Distyly in Neanotis indica (DC.) W.H Lewis., (Rubiaceae) a distyous species with Pin flowers (long style and inserted stamens in the corolla tube ) and thrum (flowers with exerted anthers and inserted style) accompanied by self incompatibility in both forms but cross compatibility is described for the first time. The population composition shows panmixis at several locations at Sims Parks, Coonor, Ootacamund, Tamilnadu, India. Distyly is a reciprocal mechanical arrangement of style and stamen heights accompanied by an array of contrasting differences in pollen and stigma papillae dimorphism accompanied by physiological incompatibility. The pin and thrum morphs are self incompatible but cross compatible in nature. Based on the data it is suggested that the S- supergene of heterostyly controls the genetic architecture in the species.

Authors :
Bir Bahadur : Botany Department, Kakatiya University, Warangal, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.7

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Suppression of Alternaria Solani in Potting Mixture Amended with Crotalaria Trichotoma Based Composts

By: Ravikumar M. Chaluvaiah , Rajkumar H. Garampalli

Page No : 61-66

Abstract
In the present study botanical soil amendments, namely; botanical composts (obtained from Crotalaria trichotoma), enriched botanical compost (C. trichotoma compost enriched with Trichoderma viride), uncomposted botanical powder (C. trichotoma dried powder only) and enriched uncomposted botanical powder (C. trichotoma dried powder enriched with Trichoderma viride) tested for mangement of early blight of tomato. The inoculum of Alternaria solani mixed in soil potting media in the ratio of 99:0.5:0.5 w/w of soil:inoculum:each compost treatment. Splash irrigation done twice a day to incite disease in treated plants simulates natural condition. All the compost amendments at 0.5% rate were found highly effective in suppressing the disease, with enriched botanical compost, uncomposted botanical powder, enriched uncomposted botanical biomass, and botanical compost showing percent early blight index of 16.5%, 18.3%, 45.1% and 23.3% respectively as compared to 83.3% percent early blight index in negative control.

Authors :
Ravikumar M. Chaluvaiah and Rajkumar H. Garampalli
University of Mysore, DOS in Botany, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.8

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An Assessment of Tree Diversity of Jubilee Park, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand

By: Anita Kumari , Jyoti Kumar

Page No : 67-73

Abstract
Jharkhand is considered to be one of the richest plant diversity states in India. The present paper reveals the study of tree diversity of Jubilee park of Jamshedpur, East Singhbhum, Jharkhand.
Data recorded included plant species name and individual number of each plant species. Data analysed were shannon-wiener Diversity Index, Relative Frequency, Relative Density, Relative Dominance and Important Value Index.
The results showed that there were 34 species of trees present in the site. Among the trees Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth, Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hook) Raf were found to be having highest frequency of 100% followed by Tabebuia rosea (Bertal.) DC. (80%), Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre and Ficus benghalensis (40%). The data recorded for trees showed that Tectona grandis (L.f.) and Peltopharum pterocarpum (DC.) Baker ex K. Heyhe had highest Important Value Index (IVI) i.e. 23.27 and 18.05. It was followed by another most dominant species Albizia lebbeck (L.) benth with IVI (15.75), Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels with IVI (13.42), Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre with IVI (12.32) etc. The minimum IVI found in Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile is 2.56. The present study describes the ecological status including taxonomic structure and richness of the terrestrial flora of the Jubilee park.

Authors :
Anita Kumari : Jamshedpur Co-Operative College, Jamshedpur, Kolhan University, Chaibasa – 833201, Jharkhand.
Jyoti Kumar : University Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi – 834008, Jharkhand.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.9

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Covid 19 Pandemic: Misery of Local Farmers in Darjeeling Hills

By: Prantik Hazra , Shuvam Sharma , Arghya Ghosh

Page No : 75-79

Abstract 
India had made an early move to constrain the spread of COVID 19, requesting a 21 day across the country lockdown for its population 1.3 billion persons beginning March 25th 2020. The progressing wellbeing emergency had influenced various society including agriculture and farming. This paper represents the effect of lockdown on hill agriculture especially the agricultural business performed by the native peoples of Darjeeling hills who are basically the daily labours. Soils of hills are not suitable for performing agriculture so easily like plain lands and non-application of synthetic pesticides makes hill agriculture so tough. The survey work was divided into two parts one containing period before the lockdown and another lockdown period as well as the unlock phases. Outcome of this report reveals that there was a significant loss to the farmers during the lockdown and unlock phases, especially due to failure of selling the products. Although government has taken several steps to combat this situation, but the crisis is yet unsolved.

Authors :
Prantik Hazra : U.G. & P.G. Department of Zoology, Darjeeling Government College.
Shuvam Sharma : U.G. & P.G. Department of Zoology, Darjeeling Government College.
Arghya Ghosh : U.G. & P.G. Department of Botany, Darjeeling Government College.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.10

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Emerging Sugarcane Abiotic Disorders under Subtropical Conditions: An Appraisal

By: Gulzar S Sanghera

Page No : 81-96

Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is an important agro industrial cash crop, providing raw material for different sugar industries and plays crucial role in the economy of several countries. It requires optimum climatic conditions for economic crop production and causes reduced cane and sugar yields otherwise. Climate change especially temperature extremes either low or high causes abiotic disorders like cold / banded chlorosis and sunburn during initial and mid season crop establishment led to yield reduction in sugarcane by affecting its physiology, biochemistry and quality leading to poor agronomic produce in subtropical conditions. Low temperature during winter (December-January) for autumn planting and high temperature during summer (May-June) for spring planting also affects the germination percentage, seedling establishment and ratoonability of early harvested (Nov-Dec) crop. Several breeding and genomics based studies have been conducted to improve the sugarcane production under different stresses in this crop in many areas of the world. The studies on abiotic disorders caused by high and low temperature extremities and their mitigation strategies are scanty. An attempt has been made in this appraisal report to explore sugarcane clones/ cultivars that contribute to adaptation in era of climate change by discovering and introducing desirable genes for agronomic traits using basic breeding methodologies, physiological approaches and new technologies of molecular biology that can mitigate the negative effect of extreme temperature and improve sugarcane yields, productivity and sustainability.

Author :
Gulzar S Sanghera : PAU, Regional Research Station, Kapurthala, 144601, Punjab, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.11

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Ipomoea sindica Stapf (Convolvulaceae): A new distribution record from Raigad Maharashtra, India

By: Preeti V. Phate , Pravin Kawale

Page No : 97-100

Abstract
The present paper provides the detail description of species Ipomoea sindica Stapf. along with photographs, distribution map and relevant notes for its easy identification. The specimen was collected for the first time from Alibag and hence is a new distributional record for Raigad, Maharashtra state. As the species is closely related to I. eriocarpa and is always confused with later therefore a pictorial comparison of both is provided for its easy identification in field.

Authors :
Preeti V. Phate : Department of Botany, J.S.M. College, Alibag Raigad - 402201 (MS) India.
Pravin Kawale : R.C.F. Company, Alibag Raigad - 402201 (MS) India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.12

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Letter to the Editor
Personal Reminiscences of Robert Emerson and Eugene Rabinowitch

By: Govindjee Govindjee , Rajni Govindjee

Page No : 101-106

Abstract
We present a glimpse into the lives of two great scientists, our professors who guided us during our PhD days (1956-1961): Robert Emerson (1903- 1959) and Eugene I. Rabinowitch (1901-1973). We have divided these reminiscences into two periods: (1) September 1956—February 1959, during which, one of us (Govindjee) was a graduate student of Robert Emerson in “Physico-Chemical Biology”, from 1956, whereas the other (Rajni) was in Botany, from 1957. During this time, Eugene Rabinowitch was a professor next door, but working in the same “Photosynthesis Project”; and (2) March 1959— onwards, when both of us were under Rabinowitch following Emerson’s death in a plane crash on February 4, 1959. After completing PhD (in Biophysics) under Rabinowitch in September 1960, Govindjee worked as a NIH Postdoctoral Fellow until he was appointed as an Assistant Professor in Botany in September 1961. After that, Govindjee and Rabinowitch were faculty colleagues until the latter left Urbana to go to Albany, New York in 1968. Meanwhile, Rajni finished her PhD in Botany in May 1961, and later did extensive research, as a NIH Postdoctoral Fellow and then as a Research Associate under Rabinowitch for many years.

Authors :
Govindjee Govindjee and Rajni Govindjee
Department of Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, and Center of Biophysics & Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.1.13

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Effect of Butea monosperma (Lam.) Leaf Extract on Seedling Traits and Chromosomal Behaviors

By: Avinash Kumar , Mitali Gupta

Page No : 107-112

Abstract
The present study evaluates the allelopathic and genotoxic effect of various concentrations of aqueous leaf extract of Butea monosperma Lam. on seedling traits of Pisum sativum L. It was observed that allelochemicals had marked effect on seed germination, seedling survival, shoot length and radical length and also caused some abnormalities in chromosomes the root tips of Allium cepa L. Maximum increase in seed germination and other seedling traits occurred at 10% while maximum decrease was at 25% conc. And in genotoxicity test mitotic index was maximum in control and chromosomal abnormalities were maximum at 10% concentration. The implications are discussed.

Authors :
Mitali Gupta and Avinash Kumar
Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Botany, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribagh- 825319, Jharkhand, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.14

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The Uncultivated and Wild Leafy Vegetable Consumption in Devarakonda

By: Rama Raju Cherkupally

Page No : 113-119

Abstract
Many uncultivated and wild leafy vegetables have been utilized as a food and as folklore medicine since time immemorial. Such vegetables have been part and parcel of the food dishes, especially to the ancient rural and semi-urban dwellers. Despite much nutritional value, researchers and agricultural scientists have given less attention to such vegetables.

A total of 38 plant species belonging to 20 families was recorded after conducting surveys. Family Amaranthaceae recorded the highest number of species (10 species) followed by Caesalpinaceae (5 species), Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, Malvaceae, Convolvulaceae, Aizoaceae (2 species each) and remaining all one species each. It is observed that tribal communities not only used for self-consumption, but they also tried to sell by tribal women seasonally in weekly markets to earn income. Uncultivated leafy vegetables like chenchali, bacchali, puntikura, payalkura, ponagantikura, chintachiguru and tootikura are also sold in towns, as they are preferred by people in towns, because they were liked by urban dwellers, and were recognized as well for health. For several reasons, people no longer eat wild seasonal uncultivated greens as in former years, which is the reason for low consumption in this population.

Authors :
Rama Raju Cherkupally : Department of Botany, M.K.R. Government Degree College, Devarakonda, Mahatma Gandhi University, Telangana State, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.15

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Maize Characterization: From Genotyping to High-Throughput Phenotyping, A Review

By: Latif Ahmad Peer , Mohd. Yaqub Bhat , Zahoor A. Dar , Aijaz A. Lone

Page No : 121-131

Abstract
Zea mays L., Maize, a crop cultivated globally, is used as food, feed, and used to manufacture diversified industrial products. It has become necessary to employ new methods for high maize production and increase its quality potential in response to the upsurge in the human population and climate change. The maize breeding procedures have now incorporated important components like genome-wide selection and high-density genotyping to ease the functional analysis of its genome. Every growth stage displays tremendous genetic diversity in maize, which can be studied through advanced phenotyping and genotyping technologies wherein physiological, genetic, and molecular characteristics can be understood and manipulated. Such studies will undoubtedly lead to an increase in maize crop improvement. This review highlights the developments in the characterization of maize through genotyping and phenotyping with the advent of novel technologies.

Authors :
Latif Ahmad Peer : Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Zahoor A. Dar : Dryland Agriculture Research Station, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir-191121, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Aijaz A. Lone : Dryland Agriculture Research Station, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir-191121, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Mohd. Yaqub Bhat : Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.16

Price: 500

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Sustainable Agricultural Practices for the Improvement of Growth and Yield of some Important Crops popular in Walwa-tehsil, district Sangli (Maharashtra) - A Review

By: R. R. Lohar , C. P. Hase

Page No : 133-143

Abstract
Soil desertification and its sickness are the significant causes for reduction in growth and yield of crops. The unjudicious application of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, monoculture and excess irrigation have adversely affected the soil fertility. In addition to this, various types of soil pollution, alternation in physicochemical properties of soil and climate change (GHG’s, increasing temperature) have aggravated the problem and hence there is plateauing of yield in almost all the crops in Sangli district in general and in Walwa tehsil in particular. As a result of this the farmers are frustrated and going away from agriculture. Due to this deteriorated agro-ecosystem more than 25% farmers are shifting to nearby urban areas like Sangli, Satara, Kolhapur, Pune and even Mumbai in search of jobs to earn their daily bread and butter. The overall effect is collapsing of the sustainable agricultural practices and disturbances in village ecosystem.
To get more and more yield from the deteriorated soil farmers are giving heavy doses of chemical fertilizers. Considering this situation, a review has been undertaken in this paper for giving a solution through sustainable agricultural practices for some popular crops in the tehsil Walwa. Keeping in the mind that such system should be resource conserving, socially supportive, commercially competitive and environmentally sound. So called modern agriculture requires the replacement by more sustainable choice based eco-friendly agriculture. Sustainable agriculture is a distinct set of practices, which encompasses the efforts that develop more efficient production system. At present to repair soil damages, to face challenges of climate change, hazardous effects of pesticides, fungicides, weedicides, chemical fertilizers and excess irrigation sustainable agricultural practices may be the hope for second evergreen revolution in future.
Sustainable agricultural practices must be employed by the farmers to save the agriculture and to save themselves, which will ultimately lead to save the planet earth. Our government should take emergency steps in favor of sustainable agriculture at the earliest possible and protect the rural India. It is a well-known fact that agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy and hence to improve the economy, improvement in agriculture is the need of time.

Authors :
R. R. Lohar : Postgraduate Research Center in Environmental Science, Baburaoji Gholap College, Sangvi, Pune, RIT, Rajaramnagar, Sangli, Maharashtra, India.
C. P. Hase : Associate Professor, Department of Botany, Baburaoji Gholap College, Sangvi, Pune-411027.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.17

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Systematic Review on Population Status and Economic Importance of Endemic Commercial Timber Tree: Terminalia paniculata Roth (Myrtales: Combretaceae) from Peninsular India

By: Sanal C Viswanath , T K Hrideek

Page No : 145-154

Abstract
Terminalia paniculata is one of the commercially important timber tree species commonly distributed in Kerala and Karnataka region of Peninsular India and mainly used for timber, tannin, fodder products, folk medicine, Ayurvedic treatments and opium poisoning. Natural populations are declining due to high seed emptiness, poor regeneration status and anthropogenic activities such as habitat fragmentation, land conversion and over-exploitation. The timber is superior in quality and mainly used for making beams, rafters, battens and for similar work. The present article focuses on population, regeneration, wood characteristics and economic, ecological, phytochemical and pharmacognostic importance of T. paniculata and this will provide comprehensive information for further research.

Authors :
Sanal C Viswanath and T K Hrideek
Department of Forest Genetics & Tree Breeding, KSCSTE- Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala- 680653, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.18

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Global Warming and Third Generation Algal Biofuels : A Review.

By: Ashwani Kumar , Shobha Johari , Praksha Verma

Page No : 155-165

Abstract
Increasing populations and industrialization is causing enhanced production of greenhouse gases (GHG) resulting in global warming. Climate change poses unprecedented threats to human health by impacts on food and water security, heat waves and droughts, violent storms, infectious disease, and rising sea levels. Renewable sources of energy provide and answer to greenhouse gas mitigation as they are carbon neutral or nearly so. However, first generation biofuels require land and water for cultivation and second generation biofuels from lignocellulose waste need technology up gradation to make them commercially viable on large scale. Third generation biofuels from algae are very promising as they can be grown in fresh water, waste water and sea water in ponds and also in closed systems under controlled conditions. The extraction process from Algae is less complicated and more economically viable. In our review we wish to present state of art information on technological advances in biofuel production from algal biofuels for greenhouse gas mitigation.

Authors :
Ashwani Kumar : Alexander von Humboldt Fellow (Germany) and Former Head and Director Life Sciences. Department of Botany and PG School of Biotechnology. University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302004.
Shobha Johari : Associate Professor, Department of Botany, L.B.S. Government College, Kotputli-303108.
Praksha Verma : Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302004.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.19

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Aspergillus Niger Tiegh: An Endophyte from Gymnema Sylvestre for its Antihyperglycemic Potential

By: G. M. Vidyasagar , Roopa S.G , MD. Liyakat Ahmed , Shankaravva Babanagare , Sangeeta M.K , Ambika Vasantkumar

Page No : 167-173

Abstract
Traditional medicinal plant Gymnema sylvestre is used to cure many diseases and its availability in nature is very rare. In the present research, as an alternate to the host plant, fungal endophyte from leaves of G. sylvestre was isolated and based on morphological and molecular characterization the isolate was identified as Aspergillus niger Tiegh. The ethyl acetate extract of the fungus was further employed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of secondary metabolite, revealed presence of saponin, tannin, flavonoids, glycosides, phenol and alkaloid. The oral glucose tolerance test in fungal ethyl acetate extract (250mg/kg body weight) treated Albino mice has shown reduced level of blood glucose compared to the negative control group, whereas compared with standard drug no significant reduction recorded.

Authors :
G. M. Vidyasagar, Roopa S.G., MD. Liyakat Ahmed, Shankaravva Babanagare, Sangeeta M.K., and Ambika Vasantkumar
Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Botany Gulbarga University, Gulbarga–585 106, Karnataka, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.20

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Rhizosphere Mycobiome Diversity of Medicinal Plants: A Review

By: Latif Ahmad Peer , Nusrat Ahmad , Mohd Yaqub Bhat , Abdul Hamid Wani

Page No : 175-187

Abstract
Rhizosphere mycobiome of medicinal plants and their interaction has a significant effect on the secondary metabolites and plant health. The fungi not only enhance the growth but also modulate the quality of the essential oils and other bioactive compounds as well as can be used as bioinoculants to improve medicinal values of plants and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore the present review is focused on the biodiversity of rhizosphere fungi associated with medicinal plants which will help to draw the inference of trends and identification of key fungal groups as well as to understand their role and importance in harboring above-ground plant diversity. It will be helpful in developing safe and eco-friendly management strategies for the sustainable growth of the medicinal plants.

Authors :
Nusrat Ahmad, Mohd Yaqub Bhat, Abdul Hamid Wani and Latif Ahmad Peer
P.G. Department of Botany, University of Kashmir Srinagar, JK India-19006.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.21

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Pollen Morphology And Viability Analyses in Clematis terniflora DC

By: Rajeswari S. , Sumitha V. R

Page No : 189-192

Abstract
Clematis terniflora a highly domesticated ornamental plant, grown mainly for its fragrance, this flowers is propagated entirely by vegetative means. Sexual reproduction is rarely observed, being either pollen sterile or seed sterile. Hence propagation is mainly through stem cuttings. The present study focuses on the palynological investigation involving pollen morphological and viability studies. The electron microscopic study revealed prolate-spheroidal pollen with tricolpate aperture. Viability studies carried out using in vitro and in vivo methods revealed lower germination rate with an estimated rate of about 78.8% pollen sterility. Cross-pollination was better compared to self-pollination. Pollen germination was not observed in self-pollinated flowers. The present study revealed limited pollination and fertilization thereby reducing its natural regeneration and population.

Authors :
Rajeswari S. : Research Scholar, Postgraduate and Research Department of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.
Sumitha V. R. : Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, HHMSPB NSS College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.22

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Plants and their Resources which are Utilized in Gajalakshmi Puja for Adoring Goddess Lakshmi

By: Ushashee Mandal , Swagat Kumar Mallick , Gyanranjan Mahalik

Page No : 193-196

Abstract
The various species of flora and fauna along with the ecosystem all combined together are known as Biodiversity. Around 80% of the Indians follow Hinduism which is an ancient religion that has many types of beliefs in festivals, and religious practices. Gajalakshmi Puja is one of the eminent festivals mostly honoured and observed in Odisha. The celebration begins from the night of the full moon day i.e. Kumar Purnima and celebrated for 11 days. The plants and plant parts which are used in this holy occasion were gathered from the priest and the other people and mentioned in this paper. A number of 52 plant species are used are belonging to 29 families were recorded during the survey and observation. Among which Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., Oryza sativa L., Mangifera indica L. etc. are mostly used in the Gajalakhmi Puja. The different plant species with their botanical name, local name, family, habitat, plant parts usage and form of uses are documented.

Authors :
Ushashee Mandal, Swagat Kumar Mallick and Gyanranjan Mahalik
Department of Botany, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.23

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Occurrence of Helicotylenchus graminophilus Fotedar & Mahajan, 1974 in Kashmir, India, a first report

By: Javaid Hassan Sheikh

Page No : 197-201

Abstract
A significant species of nematodes belonging to the order Tylenchida Thorne, 1949 was met to be predominantly prevalent and its morphometeric study revealed alterations from the available description probably because of host variability and habitat change and changing climatic conditions. Helicotylenchus graminophilus Fotedar & Mahajan, 1974 was met with the varied intensity on Solanum tuberosum among many other hosts. The morphological variations are significantly noted under remarks with the species under observations. The species as is collected from Solanum tuberosum is a first time report of its occurrence on this host in this region of India as it was found by Fotedar & Mahajan, 1974 on Eruca sativa.

Author :
Javaid Hassan Sheikh : Department of Zoology, Government Degree College, Kulgam, J&K, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.24

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Quantification of major bioactive compounds from Diospyros chloroxylon Roxb.

By: Ushashee Mandal , Swagat Kumar Mallick , Gyanranjan Mahalik

Page No : 203-207

Abstract
Diospyros is an important genus of Ebenaceae family with more than 500 species. These have drawn the attention of investigators by the presence of valuable phytochemicals in them. They have proved their utility in the amelioration of various ailments. The present study constitutes the quantification of major bioactive compounds viz., alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, steroids and terpenoids from Diospyros chloroxylon an endemic species. The pharmacological potential of any plant is being determined based on its chemical constituents. The significant quantities of bioactive compounds quantified in Diospyros chloroxylon rates it an useful species having antioxidative and antibacterial potential.

Authors :
Nageswara Rao Naik B : Department of Environmental sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh.
Jyothi D : Department of Botany SRR & CVR Govt. College Vijayawada Andhra Pradesh.
Vishnuvardhan Z : Department of Botany and Microbiology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.25

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Propagation of the true ebony, Diospyros ebenum Koenig: A Review

By: Tresa Hamalto , S. J. Pooja , Almas Khanam

Page No : 209-214

Abstract 
Diospyros ebenum is an evergreen, slow-growing tree with a dense crown. There are over 600 species of evergreen timbers in the world, many of which are commercially valuable in the international trade of plywood, round wood, sawn wood and veneer, and high-quality wood has always been in demand. D. ebenum yields jet black wood with high density, which is one among the costliest woods. Due to its ease of polishing, D. ebenum finds uses in manufacturing musical and mathematical instruments, carved figures, cutlery handles, chopsticks, gaming pieces, door handles, brushes, combs and billiard cues. The heart wood is insect resistant and regarded as fancy wood, used for fine furniture, veneer and parquet floors. Nevertheless, the species is under threat due to illicit felling and slow germination in natural condition. Clonal propagation of valuable germplasm through vegetative propagation, propagation through seeds and in vitro propagation technologies are an integral component in tree improvement and conservation programs. Owing to its high value, this review is focused on the different propagation approaches that have been successful for D. ebenum.

Authors :
Tresa Hamalton, S. J. Pooja and Almas Khanam
Silviculture and Forest Management Division, Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka 560003, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.01.26

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Obituary

By: No author

Page No : 215-217

 

Jul-2021 to Dec-2021

Editorial
Current issue: COP26 Glasgow (31st October to 10th November 2021).

By: Ashwani Kumar

Page No : (i-ii)

 

Methyl Jasmonate: A Potent Player in Salinity Stress

By: A. Hemantaranjan , Shivani Lalotra , Rekha Sodani

Page No : 219-224

Abstract
Salinity stress an atrocious stress customary in various parts of India and across world is one of the major reasons for subordinating the yield of several crops. It leads to oxidative stress and nutrient unavailability which poses serious threats to soil fertility and soil structure. The excessive amount of soluble salts in soils is major cause of desertification in various countries. Current agriculture scenario and the climatic conditions are expected to worsen abiotic factors globally and ultimately curbing the yield potential of various crops. Therefore, certain biotechnological or plant physiological strategies or tools needed to be supplement for target crops to specific environments. Such tools are the exploitation of phytohormones in agriculture sectors. Among these, Methyljasmonate is an important phytohormones used incessantly in improving the yield per unit area of crops known to alleviate various stresses and to improve the quality and quantity of crops by activating the antioxidant machinery in plants and up- regulating the stress related genes. These oxylipins plays vigorous role in growth and development, senescence, flower nectar secretion, G-protein signaling, in plants. Besides its remarkable role in biotic stresses like salinity, drought, temperature extremes it has also foremost role in activation of defensive secondary metabolites in biotic stresses like pathogen attack.

Authors :
A. Hemantaranjan, Shivani Lalotra and Rekha Sodan
Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India, 221005.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.1

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New Horizons of Plant Sciences

By: C P Malik , Bratati Roy

Page No : 225-236

Abstract
The year 2020 has witnessed large number of discoveries in life sciences including agriculture and plant science. Some of these noble works are highlighted in this article. Researches are taken from various news, research blogs, articles and research papers to provide cumulative insights on current trends of R&D in agriculture and plant science. The intent is to apprise the students and researchers of recent trends and discoveries in life sciences including agriculture.

Authors :
C.P. Malik : Professor and former Advisor, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Bratati Roy : Group Leader, Jubilant Generics Ltd., Noida.

 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.2

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Right handed Dioscorea alata: Reversered and Vertically grown : Stem Anatomy and Yield

By: Bir Bahadur , G. Narsaiah

Page No : 237-243

Abstract
This paper high lights the stem internode anatomy of rignt handed Dioscorea alata, induced or reversed and vertically grown with the support of bamboos. Comparative anatomical structural changes in relation to habit, vis-a-vis yield of tubers and changes in various amino acids patterns due to change in habit are discussed. Darwin first studied climbing plants over a century back and there is need to review the plant biomechanics of the right and left twining species and induced twining since tuberous Dioscorea species are next to cereals and pulses as food source.

Authors :
Bir Bahadur and G. Narsaiah
Botany Department, Kakatiya University, Warangal, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.3

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Integrated management of Tylenchids =Nematoda occuring on Capsicum frutescens (chillies) by hoeing, 7.5% Garlic (Allium sativum) solution and by application of Poultry manure

By: Javaid Hassan Sheikh , Gowhar Rashid

Page No : 245-248

Abstract 
Plant parasitic nematodes are of huge economic importance in the present day world of food crisis. Management of these underrated parasites has become a concern for the nematologists as they drastically tell upon the productivity potential of crops. A field experiment was conducted at Punzwa, Kupwara to study the effects of 7.5% garlic solution, Hoeing and poultry manure on nematodes associated with Capsicum frutescens and to study their comparative account in order to devise an integrated control regime. The nematode genera which are frequently encountered on this host in this part of the world are Helicotylenchus spp., Psilenchu spp., Tylenchus spp., and Aphelenchus spp.The results of combination of all the three measures was found to be most effective with the mean values of population density followed by standard deviation as 37.75±5.5 with the initial density and control as 104.55±2.0 and 109.5±0.67 respectively. The individual effect of hoeing reduced the density to 75.15±3.59 from 110.34±5.7 and the combination of hoeing and garlic solution treatment reduced the populations of plant parasitic nematodes to 63.35±6.8 from 126.75±7.2.

Authors :
Javaid Hassan Sheikh and Gowhar Rashid
Department of Zoology, Government Degree College Kulgam, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.4

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An Eco-friendly Aerobic rice (An Efficient Water Management Strategy for Rice Production)

By: Harvinder Kaur Sidhu

Page No : 249-262

Abstract
Over the centuries, lowland rice has proven to be a remarkably sustainable system for rice production mostly because of its luxurious water availability. But the present day water crisis threatens the sustainability of lowland rice production and necessitates the adoption of water saving irrigation technologies. Technologies like saturated soil culture and alternate wetting and drying are receiving renewed attention by researchers. These technologies reduce water inputs only at the expense of yield. Aerobic rice technology is better remedy for future climate change under drought condition with lesser green house gas (GHG) emission. Selection of good aerobic rice variety with desired physiological attributes gives better performance. Proper cultural practices and regular care on crop should be recommended for on par yield with low land rice. Weed free aerobic environment is must for better performance and improper weed management leads more manpower usage. Yield penalty, yield stability of aerobic rice have to be considered for adoption.

Author :
Harvinder Kaur Sidhu : Professor, Faculty of Life Sciences Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh, (Punjab), India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.5

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Complete nutrient profile of Banana flower: A review

By: Damini Soni , Gargi Saxena

Page No : 263-267

Abstract 
India is one of the biggest producers of banana, producing 29 million tonnes per year on an average between 2010 and 2017, followed by China at 11 million tones on an average per year. Banana flower also known as banana male bud or banana blossom is the edible by product of banana cultivation which due to its good nutritional value is consumed in many Asian countries like Sri lanka, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines and India. Banana blossoms are usually thrown away by producers, producing huge post harvest waste. They contain various bioactive compounds like flavanoids, alkaloids, phenols, tannins which are known to possess antioxidant, antivirus, antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Blossoms are good source of crude fiber with some biologically active compounds like vitamin C, tannins, myoinositol phosphates, and alpha tocopherols. The flower is used to treat ulcers, dysentery, bronchitis, alleviating menstrual bleeding problems, facilitates lactation, helps in overcoming diabetes, helpful in weight loss and is good for gastrointestinal health.
The flower being a rich source of phytochemicals imparting antioxidant activity can be used to prepare various detoxifying beverages and products incorporating ginger, mint, carrot, wheatgrass, spirulina, gooseberries and lemon to enhance the antioxidant activity and acceptability.

Authors :
Damini Soni : Research scholar, IIS (Deemed to be University), Department of Home Science, Jaipur, India.
Gargi Saxena : Senior Assistant professor, IIS (Deemed to be University), Department of Home Science, Jaipur, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.6

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Antifungal and Phytochemical Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants of Shimla Hills Himachal Pardesh India

By: Imtiyaz Rasool Parrey , V. Raj , Tanveera Akhter

Page No : 269-273

Abstract 
The purpose of the study was evaluate the methanol extracts of these medicinal plants, namely, Euphorbia helioscopia, Coriandrum sativum and Bauhinia variegata Phytochemical extraction was conducted using soxhlet and rotovap apparatus and an aqueous extraction method. Data analysis of the study was done using R-Studio Program for statistical computing and graphics. A Tukey test was done along with ANOVA and Boxplots. Qualitative analysis of phytochemicals were carried out and the presence of terpenoids, steroids, glycoside, alkaloid, tannins and saponins were positive in some plants. Antifungal activity was tested using the poisoned food and well diffusion techniques.

Authors :
Imtiyaz Rasool Parrey : Department of Chemistry, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India.
V. Raj : Department of Chemistry, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India.
Tanveera Akhter : Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam University, Indore (M.P.) India-452016.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.7

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Notes on fresh water Diatoms from Sawai Madhopur-part-IV, Rajasthan, India

By: Lakhpat Meena

Page No : 275-282

Abstract
Diatoms are part of photo-assimilate microalgae with vide diversity. The research is carried out in Sawai madhopur of Rajasthan and found great diversity of this small group. The eighteen species of diatoms have been described and enlisted from aquatic habitats (stagnant as well as running). This is the first attempt for enlisting diatoms from western part of Rajasthan.

Authors :
Lakhpat Meena : Assistant professor, Department of Botany, S.C.R.S.Government College, Sawai Madhopur (Rajasthan).
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.08

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Aquatic And Wetland Flora of Marlimund Lake, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India

By: Rekha G

Page No : 283-288

Abstract
The present study deals with documentation of hydrophytes in Marlimund lake (Lat: 11°26’16.0" Long: 076°41’94.8"), The Nilgiris district, Tamil Nadu. A total of 37 hydrophytes were recorded in different seasons along with five endemic species. Among these Helophytes are dominant followed by Tenegophytes/Helophytes. Illegal fishing, over grazing and waste dumping leads to reduction in the growth of hydrophytes in the study area.

Author :
Rekha G : No.2, Kandhasamy muthaliyar street, Vettaikaranpudur, Pollachi, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India-642 129.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.09

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Growing Euphorbia Antisyphilitica on Wasteland Soils of Rajasthan

By: Ashwani Kumar , Shobha Johari

Page No : 289-295

Abstract 
A vast area of Rajasthan state is wasteland in the form of arid and semiarid. Different climatic zones also affect soil type and vegetation. Diurnal variation in temperature has wide range and along with soil type it affects vegetation. Annual rainfall is very low between 525-675 mm. Saline soil with high pH occupies a major area in the Thar desert of this state. Although eastern part of the state has alluvial soils but fine sandy to loamy fine sand is dominant. This type of soil is also found in neighboring states Gujarat and Punjab which is not suitable for farming. Sand dunes cover greater part of western Rajasthan. Vegetation in this area is thorny scrub type. Different soil types found in desert area support different types of vegetation. Euphorbia antisyphilitica a native plant of desert of Mexico was tried to grow in desert lands of Rajasthan. It is a promising petro-crop and studies were undertaken to find out its biomass and biocrude yield in different soil types like red soil, sandy soil and gravel. Different combinations of these soils were also taken into account. Utilization of such wastelands to grow plants other than crop plants is the aim of present study.

Authors :
Shobha Johari : Associate Professor, Department of Botany, L.B.S. Government College, Kotputli-303108.
Ashwani Kumar : Former Head, Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302004.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.10

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Diversity of Herbaceous Plants of Upwan Area of Jubilee Park, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand

By: Anita Kumari , Jyoti Kumar

Page No : 297-301

Abstract 
The present work aimed to study the herbaceous diversity of Upwan area of Jubilee park, Jamshedpur. The herbaceous cover diversity of the sites was represented by 18 herbs species belonging to 9 families.
Among the herbs Scirpus densus Wall., Cyperus alopecuroides (Rottb.) and Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf were found to be having highest frequency of 100% followed by Scirpus barbatus Rottb. (80%), Phyllanthus niruri auct. non L. (80%), Saccharum spontaneum L. (80%) and Cyperus arenarius Retz. (60%).
The data recorded for herbs showed that Scirpus densus Wall. And Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf had highest Important Value Index (IVI) i.e. 49.15 and 42.58. The minimum IVI found in Lipocarpha sphacelata (Vahl) Kunth and Saccharum spontaneum L. was 8.60 and 7.89.
The floristic diversity is the natural resource and wealth of a region and acquiring knowledge of it is of immense scientific and commercial importance.

Authors :
Anita Kumari : Jamshedpur Co-Operative College, Jamshedpur, Kolhan University, Chaibasa – 833201, Jharkhand.
Jyoti Kumar : University Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi – 834008, Jharkhand.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.11

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Screening of Prebiotics from Jhargram Tribal Biodiversity

By: Samiran Hota , Annalakshmi Chatterjee

Page No : 303-311

Abstract 
Different tribal communities like Sabars, Santals and Mundas living in the intense forest, maintaining their identity still in the midst of the modern population consume fruits and vegetables indigenous to them for their daily requirements. Among these, fifteen plant species were collected and investigated for the indigestible polysaccharides and their prebiotic properties. Plant extracts were processed with HCl buffer and ?-amylase, and indigestible polysaccharide content was determined. Based on extract yield and indigestible polysaccharide content, Dioscorea hispida, Dioscorea wallichii, Diospyros melanoxylon and Diospyros mespiliformis were selected as sources for studying their prebiotic effect on probiotics. Selected extracts demonstrated promising growth stimulatory effect on various Lactobacillus species under defined conditions.

Authors :
Samiran Hota and Annalakshmi Chatterjee
Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Microbiology, Food & Nutrition Division, Dept. of Home Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.12

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Phytochemical, Nutraceutical and Antioxidant Studies of Portulaca oleracea L. Grown in Bidar Region of Karnataka

By: G. M. Vidyasagar , Shankaravva Babanagare , Sangeeta M.K

Page No : 313-320

Abstract
Portulaca oleracea (Pursulane) belongs to the family Portulacaceae, widely grown as weed along with crop plant, in some other regions local people consume as a vegetable and globally used as a herbal remedy for several ailments. The air dried plant powder of aqueous and solvent extract was used to investigate the phytonutrients using standard procedure. Phytochemical study of primary and secondary metabolite of pursulane reveals the presence of Protein (1.6 mg/g), Carbohydrate (2.6 mg/g), Alkaloid (2.5 mg/g), Saponin (2.2 mg/g), Flavanoid (1.7 mg/g), Tannin (1.46 mg/g) and Phenol (1.42 mg/g) with high content of Alkaloid and followed by Saponin and other constituents. The Elemental and physicochemical analysis showed highest content of Calcium 11.1561 ppm and 9.24% of ash content, 12.37% of water soluble ash, 10.41% of insoluble ash and 0.57 mg/g of crud fiber. 3.28 mg/g of Methionine and 2.26 mg/g of Ascorbic acid as a high content obtained by the estimation of Amino Acid and Vitamins respectively. The antioxidant activity was determined in methanolic extract by using DPPH radical scavenging assay with IC50 28.32±4.7 (?g/ml). Total Polyphenol Content was determined as 1.874 mg/g. On the basis of above results such nutritional reach Purslane is a Potential to use as a vegetable as well as medicinal applications and promising natural product may be obtained in future.

Authors :
Sangeeta MK, Vidyasagar GM and Shankaravva Babanagare
Department of Botany, Gulbarga University, Kalaburgi, Karnataka, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.13

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Microscopic and Macroscopic Study of Leaves of Echinops echinatus Roxb.

By: G.D. Ghangale , S.B. Bhawar

Page No : 321-324

Abstract
The present investigation evaluates Microscopic And Macroscopic study of Leaves of Echinops echinatus Roxb. Pharmacognostic evaluation consisting of morphological study like colour, odour, taste, size, shape with it’s microscopic study and surface preparation along with leaf constant and SEM. It will be useful for researcher in preparation of pharmacopoeial standards for the same.

Authors :
G.D. Ghangale : Research scholar - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bhagwant University, Ajmer, Rajasthan.
S.B. Bhawar : Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bhagwant University, Ajmer, Rajasthan.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.14

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Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical and Ethnomedicinal Review on Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz.

By: Bhagwat W. Chavre

Page No : 325-330

Abstract 
Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) kurz (Family-Lythraceae) is an important medicinal plant which has proved its potential through multiple disciplines. The plant is shrub with long and spreading branches. Leaf and flower extract of the plant is very effective against different ailments including cancer, leucorrhoea, diabetes, menorrhagia, menstrual and pregnancy related issues. The extract contains different phytochemicals e.g. carbohydrates, alkaloids, tannins, phenols, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, phenols, triterpenoids, carboxylic acid and Quinone. These chemicals have antimicrobial activity against different bacterial strains including Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa etc. and fungal species like Alternaria solani. The current review describes the ethnomedicinal, phytochemical, pharmacognostic, antioxidant, antimicrobial properties of the plant.

Author :
Bhagwat W. Chavre : Department of Botany, Arts, Commerce and Science College, Nandgaon, Dist. Nashik (M.S), India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.15

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Nutrients and isotopic composition in Rhizophoraceae mangroves of Kochi, South west coast of India

By: Nebula Murukesh , Chandramohanakumar N

Page No : 331-344

Abstract
The present study investigates the macronutrient and micronutrient elemental composition and isotopic composition in five Rhizophoraceae mangroves plants widely distributed along Kerala coast in order to verify the response and variations in these plants towards different nutrient elements and classify them accordingly. The lower C/N values of the leaves suggest that the leaves have high nutrient quality than bark. Bruguiera showing highest values of Na/K can be thus concluded to be the plants with least salt excluding capacity. The iron rich mangrove plant was found to be B. gymnorhiza. Zinc content was found to be highest in K. candel. Amount of Pb in all the leaf and bark samples under study in this research were found to be below the recommended levels while cadmium was found to be accumulated in the leaves and bark of R. apiculata as well as in the leaves of B. cylindrica and K. candel. The stable carbon isotope composition of leaves of the Rhizophoraceae mangrove under the present investigation matches well with the already established values of ?13C for C3 plants and the present nitrogen stable isotope results fall within the range of plants that obtain inorganic nitrogen directly from seawater.

Authors :
Nebula Murukesh : Assistant Professor, St. Francis de Sales College, Bangalore-100
Chandramohanakumar N. : Inter University Center for Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi -16
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.16

Price: 500

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Food Processing in India – Present status and way forward

By: R.T. Patil , Ravindra Naik

Page No : 345-369

Abstract
The Food Processing sector in India has a quintessential role in networking Indian farmers to consumers in the domestic and international markets. Demand for processed food items is set to increase in India in the coming years providing opportunities for greater value addition, lower wastages and alternative employment opportunities. Various analysis have reported that outcome from food processing firms have been lucrative, but the value addition component needs to increase significantly. Organizations like Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI) is making concrete efforts to encourage investments across various value chain. Selection of right process, effective package of equipment with trained manpower coupled with effective strategy and initiatives is the key to promote food processing sector. Under National Agricultural Research System many such technologies have been developed which enables setting up micro and small food processing industries in production catchment. Some of these technologies which could be adopted for doubling the farmer’s income in briefed.

Authors :
R.T. Patil : Ex Director, ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
Ravindra Naik : Principal Scientist, ICAR – Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Regional Centre, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.17

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Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using various botanicals and evaluation of its antimicrobial property

By: Gulab S. Gugale , Bhushan P. Bhusare , Mukund S. Ambawade , Nitin S. Kadam , Akshay B. Shinde

Page No : 371-379

Abstract 
The present study deals with biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using various plant extract and evaluation of its antimicrobial property. Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized using plants extract of Azadirachta indica (Neem), Cymbopogon citratus (Lemon grass), Piper betle (Betele leaf) and Trachyspermum ammi (Carom leaf) separately. Silver nitrate was used as substrate and botanical extract as biotemplate for biological synthesis of AgNPs. It was characterized by UV–vis spectrophotometer, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The antimicrobial property of the AgNPs were carried out by well diffusion method using gram positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and gram negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The highest antimicrobial activity was observed against K. pneumoniae (12±0.26 mm) and E. coli (11±0.11 mm) for AgNPs synthesized using P. betle and C. citratus leaf extracts. The AgNPs synthesized using T. ammi was showed highest antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger. The present study report, the enhanced antimicrobial property of AgNPs synthesized using medicinal plants as reducing and capping agents which would be a promising alternative drug for the treatment of wound infections and skin infections with reduced hazards.

Authors :
Gulab S. Gugale : Department of Chemistry, P.G.K.M’s Haribhai V. Desai College, Pune -411002, Maharashtra, India.
Bhushan P. Bhusare : Department of Life Science (School Of Science), Sandip University Nashik- 422213, Maharashtra, India.
Mukund S. Ambawade : Department of Microbiology, P.G.K.M’s Haribhai V. Desai College, Pune -411002, Maharashtra, India.
Nitin S. Kadam : Central Instrumentation Facility (CIF), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune -411007, Maharashtra, India.
Akshay B. Shinde : Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Agricultural Biotechnology, Paud, Pune- 412108, Maharashtra, India.

 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.18

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Antimicrobial Activity of the Leaf Extracts of Strelitzia reginae

By: Ramesh L Londonkar , Rajani KS

Page No : 381-397

Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of the leaf extract of Strelitzia reginae was studied on six Gram-positive and six Gram-negative bacteria. The leaf extracts of Strelitzia reginae were obtained by the Soxhlet extraction process using the following solvents, petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, and distilled water in the increasing order of their polarity.

In order to locate the maximum and efficient antimicrobial activity among the leaf extracts of Strelitzia reginae, three sets of experiments were conducted.

Firstly, the four extracts of leaves of Strelitzia reginae namely petroleum ether extract (PE), methanol extract (ME), chloroform extract (CE), and aqueous extract (AE) were tested for their antimicrobial activity with two bacterial species. A Gram-positive bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, and a Gram-negative bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13882. The antimicrobial activity was determined using the well diffusion method. Among the test samples, samples AE, CE, ME, and PE showed antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae; samples AE, CE, and PE showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Highest activity was shown by sample CE against Staphylococcus aureus (12 mm). Samples ME and PE showed highest activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae (10 mm).

Secondly, since the highest antimicrobial activity was located with CE and ME, six Gram-positive bacteria namely; Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Mycobacterium tuberculosis MTCC 25177, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, Staphylococcus epidermis ATCC 35984, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 314, and six Gram-negative bacteria namely; Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13882, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 7903, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 7002, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 733, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 have been tested with CE and ME of Strelitzia reginae respectively. Among the test samples, sample CE showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus mutans, and sample ME showed antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes at 4 mg concentration per well.

Thirdly, since CE showed maximum antibacterial activity with maximum zone of inhibition values against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, minimum inhibitory concentration test was conducted on the micro-organisms that showed zones of inhibition. The sample-CE showed 50% inhibition at 1.25mg against Staphylococcus aureus, 0.625mg against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 1.25mg against Streptococcus mutans, 2.5mg against Escherichia coli, 1.25mg against Klebsiella pneumoniae, 2.5mg against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 2.5mg against Proteus mirabilis, 2.5mg against Enterobacter aerogenes in micro broth dilution technique.

Authors :
Ramesh L Londonkar and Rajani KS
Biopharmaceutical and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi -585106, Karnataka, India.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.19

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A Study of Algal Diversity of Choral River with Reference to Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae

By: Pradeep Mansore , Smriti Chitnis

Page No : 399-404

Abstract
A study was carried out algal diversity of Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae to record of Choral river. The colonial, filamentous, non-filamentous algal genera were recorded in this research study. Total 33 algal taxa were observed from three sites, i.e. site 1, site 2, and site 3 belonging to 8 orders and 17 species of Chlorophyceae, i.e. Spirogyra, Gonium, Pithophora, Oedogonium, Ankistrodesmus, Cosmarium, Closterium, Scenedesmus, Pediastrum, Tetraspora, Coelastrum, Mougeotia, Hydrodictyon, Staurastrum, Actinastrum, Selenastrum, Tetraedron Similaraly Bacillariophyceae members, i.e. Surirella, Navicula, Pinnularia, Cymbella, Gomphonema, Nitzschia, Rhopalodia, Pleurosigma 6 order and 9 species and Cyanophyceae members, i.e. Spirulina, Synechocystis, Oscillatoria, Anabaena, Microcystis, Nostoc, Merismopedia, of 4 order and 7 species were recorded. This paper deals with the identification of algal species from freshwater samples collected from different sites of river.

Authors :
Pradeep Mansore and Smriti Chitnis
Departmentof Botany, Mata Jijabai Govt. P.G. Girls’ College, Moti Tabela Indore.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.20

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Influence of Organic Weed and Nutrient Management Practices on Weeds, Yields and Economics of Maize in Western Rajasthan

By: Lokesh Kumar Jain , P L Maliwal

Page No : 405-411

Abstract
An experiment was conducted during 2019-20 and 2020-21 at College of Agriculture, Sumerpur, Rajasthan, India on maize comprises 6 organic weed management and 5 organic nutrient management treatments implemented in split plot design with 3 replications. Among the various weed management treatments, the minimum total in weed dry matter (215.7 kg ha-1) and maximum weed control efficiency was observed in weed free check as against weedy check while the stale seedbed+ hoeing once at 20 DAS + straw mulch at 30 DAS was found at par to weed free check and gave minimum weed index. The grain, stover and biological yields of maize was significantly higher in weed free check as compared to weedy check and almost at per treatment stale seedbed+ hoeing once at 20 DAS + straw mulch at 30 DAS. The weed free check recorded maximum grain yield of 3,358 kg ha-1 and stover yield of 6,258 kg ha-1 and recorded significantly higher maximum net return while the treatment stale seedbed + hoeing once at 20 DAS + straw mulch at 30 DAS recorded maximum benefit to cost ratio (1.59). The 75% of recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN i.e. 90 kg N equivalent) through vermicompost in two splits (75% at sowing+25% as top dressing at 30 DAS) along with seed treatment with fermented organic manure i.e. beejamurt and two spray of jeevamurt significant lowered the weed dry matter as compared to 100% RDN through FYM at harvest in pooled analysis and recorded maximum grain yield (3,169 kg ha-1), net return (Rs. 26,373 ha-1) and benefit to cost ratio (1.49) as compared to 100% RDN through FYM. Similar trend was also reported in various yield attributes.

Authors :
Lokesh Kumar Jain : Ph.D.Schloar, Department of Agronomy, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur.
P L Maliwal : Ex-ICAR Emeritus Professor, MPUAT Udaipur Rajasthan-313001.
 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2021.37.02.21

Price: 500

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Book Review
Climate Change, Photosynthes is and Advanced Biofuels: The Role of Biotechnology in the Production of Value-added Plant Bio-products

By: No author

Page No : 413-415

 

Mini Book Review
COP26: Global Initiatives on Climate Change and Global Warming: Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies

By: Ashwani Kumar

Page No : 417-425

Author :
Ashwani Kumar : Department of Botany and PG School of Biotechnology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan.
 

Jan-2020 to Dec-2020

Editoral
From the Chief Editor's Desk

By: ..

Page No : i,ii

Letter to the Editor
Robert Emerson, a major contributor to Photosynthesis, had pioneered research in Respiration in the 1920s, under Otto Warburg

By: Govindjee Govindjee

Page No : 1-4

Author : Govindjee Govindjee Department of Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, and the Center of Biophysics & Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.1

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English translation of the 1927 doctoral thesis (in German)# of Robert Emerson, a pioneer in Photosynthesis
On the Effect of Hydrogen Cyanide, Hydrogen Sulfide and Carbon Monoxide on the Respiration of various Algae Inaugural Dissertation for Obtaining a Doctorate

By: Hartmut Lichtenthaler , Lars Olof Björn

Page No : 5-24

Authors : 
Hartmut Lichtenthalera : Botanical Institute, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry of Plants, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany. 
Lars Olof Björnb : Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden

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Need for paradigm shift in several sectors due to COVID-1

By: ..

Page No : 25-28

Compiled by
CP Malik

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.3

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Jasmonates: An Emerging Approach in Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance

By: Shivani Lalotra , Akhouri Hemantaranjan , Sanam Kumari , Bhudeo Rana Yashu

Page No : 29-39

Abstract :
Plant hormones acts as key signaling compounds in plant stress responses and development under biotic and abiotic stresses. The potential roles of novel phytohormones like Jasmonates had been considered so far and copious investigation is going on in finding the impending role of jasmonates in abiotic and biotic stresses. In the list of known classical plant hormones, jasmonates, [jasmonic acid and its methyl ester (methyl jasmonates)] shown as potential tool in enhancing tolerance of plants against various physiological processes. These oxidized lipids (oxylipins) mainly derived from ?linolenic acids (?-LAs), plays an active role in senescence, flower nectar secretion, G-protein signaling, and development in plants. Exogenous application of jasmonates on different plant parts have proved effective in improving plant abiotic stress tolerance particularly salinity, drought, and temperature (low/high) conditions and also in biotic stress tolerance like pathogen attack or wounding by production of defensive secondary metabolites, through the stimulation of phenyl-propanoid metabolism resulted from accumulation of JA in plant cells or tissues. Based on this prolific role of jasmonates and its derivatives in different fields of biological sciences these phytohormones have opened new vistas and increasing interest in future Agricultural, Biotechnological and Physiological researches.

Authors :
Shivani Lalotra, Akhouri Hemantaranjan, Sanam Kumari and Bhudeo Rana Yashu
Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India, 221005

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.4

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Award Lecture - How I Reached Thus Far

By: C P Malik

Page No : 41-50

Abstract:
The present article summarises the long academic journey of more than five decades by the author. Having served in five universities, taught under and post graduate students and monitored umpteen MSc, MPhil and PhD students, completed several Research Projects sanctioned by PL 480, ICAR, CSIR, UGC, Atomic Energy, Panjab Govt. AICTE, and other agencies. In a long sojourn he was decorated with several Fellowships, Awards, Hons and Letters of Appreciation. Published 48 books, authored nearly 450 research papers in journals of repute. Participated in several seminars held in India and abroad. He was President of several societies.

Author :
CP Malik : Former Advisor School of Life Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur Dean College of Basic Sciences, PAU, Ludhiana

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.5

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Ecotoxicity of a Pesticide Dichlorvos on a Biofertilizer Anabaena oryzae

By: Saumya Snehee , D.D. Pandey

Page No : 51-56

Abstract
Anabaena oryzae, an autotrophic nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium, exhibited strong potentiality to serve as bio-N-fertilizer in place of synthetic fertilizer, urea. But the cyanobacterium was very sensitive to an organophosphate pesticide dichlorvos, frequently employed in the paddy fields of Nalanda for pest control. Dichlorvos inhibited growth of the cyanobacterium above concentration of 5ppm, while the 75 and 100ppm doses were completely lethal for the microorganism. The lethal doses caused massive lysis of the cyanobacterial cells. However, the metabolic activities like photosynthesis, respiration or nitrogen fixation was not influenced by dichlorvos.

Authors : 
Saumya Snehee and D.D. Pandey
Department of Biotechnology, Nalanda College, Biharsharif

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.6

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A Review on Different Pharmacological & Biological Activities of Azadirachta indica A. Jusm. and Melia azedarach L.

By: Archana Mankad , Bhavna Singh , Dhruv Pandya

Page No : 57-63

Abstract :
Azadirachta indica A. Jusm and Melia azedarach L. are medicinal plants, belonging to Meliaceae family. They showed so many Pharmacological activities according to previous researchers like – Antibacterial, Antimicrobial, Anticancer, Antioxidant etc. Even these plants also have so many traditional uses like they are used in leprosy, eye disorders, bloody nose, intestinal worms, stomach upset, loss of appetite, skin ulcers, diseases of the heart and blood vessels (cardiovascular disease), fever, diabetes, gum disease and liver problems. This review also shows so many biological activities like Larvaecidal, Antidermatophytic, Immunostimulant, Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic, Hepatoprotective, Antihelminthic, Insecticidal, Pelicudicial, Nematicidal, Cytotoxic, Antifertility activities.

Author :
Bhavna Singh, Dhruv Pandya and Archana Manka
Department of Botany, Bioinformatics and Climate Change Impacts Management, School of Science, Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat.

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.7

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Hormone related growth – promoting potentiality of cyanobacteria – A Review

By: Saumya Snehee

Page No : 65-69

Abstract :
Cyanobacteria are ubiquitous, oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotic organisms. Their co-cultivation with rice, maize, wheat cotton have resulted in enhanced growth and yield of the concerned plant. Cyanobacterial extracts increase seed germination rate, root and shoot length as well. The extract treatment also help in organization of plant parts during tissue culture. Detail chemical analysis have revealed that cyanobacterial strains contain phytohormones like auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, ethylene, which promote growth and development of higher plants.

Author :
Saumya Snehee : Department of Biotechnology A.N. College, Patna-800024

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.8

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Species Diversity of Aquatic Microphytes in Karmaveer Kannamwar (Dina Project) Reservoir Regadi, Chamorshi Tehsil, Gadchiroli (MS)

By: M.P. Meshram , R.V. Tijare , Zode Ravindra

Page No : 71-76

Abstract :
Aquatic microphytes play important role for the functioning aquatic ecosystems. in aquatic ecosystem as a primary producers and have a unique ability to fix inorganic carbon to build up organic substances through primary production. Assessment of aquatic macrophytes diversity from Karmaveer Kannamwar (Dina Project) reservoir Regadi of Chamorshi tehsil district Gadchiroli Maharashtra state, India. A total of 30 species were detected belonging to 6 families and 30 order. Chlorophyceae is the dominant family which contributes 14 species. It is necessary to assessment of biodiversity of aquatic microphytes for conservation and sustainable utilization of aquatic ecosystem.

Authors :
M. P. Meshram : Department of Zoology, C. J. Patel College, Tirora
R. V. Tijare : Department of Zoology, Institute OF Science, Nagpur
Zode Ravindra : Department of Botany, C. J. Patel College, Tirora

 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.9

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Rapid GC-MS based Phytochemical Profiling of Extracts of Germinating Seeds of Dolichos lablab Linn.

By: Sachin Palekar , Behnaz Patel , Nandini Girish , Sandhya Menon

Page No : 77-84

Abstract:
Dolichos lablab Linn. is a species of bean in the family Fabaceae. In order to reveal the nutraceutical potential of indigenous plants it is essential to develop quality parameters of standardization. In present study, the dried powder of germinating seeds was extracted in nonpolar solvents and the extracts were subjected to GC-MS based investigation for phytochemical profiling. GC-MS served as an operative device for concomitant evaluation of phytoconstituents from the seed extracts. This work provides rapid, sensitive & specific detection of various phytoconstituents present in Dolichos bean, which can help in exploring the therapeutic potential of the plant. This work therefore uncovers the phytochemical profile of Dolichos beans emphasizing their nutraceutical properties against important human diseases.

Authors:
Sachin Palekar :Department of Bioanalytical Sciences, Ramnarain Ruia Autonomous College, Matunga, Mumbai 400019
Behnaz Patel  : Department of Botany, Ramnarain Ruia Autonomous College, Matunga, Mumbai 400019
Nandini Girish : Department of Botany, Ramnarain Ruia Autonomous College, Matunga, Mumbai 400019
Sandhya Menon : Department of Botany, Ramnarain Ruia Autonomous College, Matunga, Mumbai 400019

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.10

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Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Haemorrhoids in Ajantha Region District Aurangabad (MS) India

By: Nilesh P. Bhosle , Manish V. Bankar

Page No : 85-88

Abstract :
Piles are called as Haemorrhoids in medical terminology. Haemorrhoids are collection of inflamed tissue in the anal canal. Many people are suffering from Haemorrhoids in India due to undesired food and life style. It has chemical remedy but due to side effects people are using Ayurvedic medicine. So for this concern Ethnobotanical survey was carried out in Ajantha region to find out medicinal plants used for treatment of Haemorrhoids by local people like Tadvi bhilla, Mahadev Koli and other tribes peoples. The study revealed that 19 Plant species belongs to 14 families were found and as per tribes people knowledge it has potential to cure the Haemorrhoids.

Authors :
Manish V. Bankar and Nilesh P. Bhosle
Siddharth Arts, Commerce and Science College, Jafrabad Dist Jalna (MS) -431206

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.11

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Prebreeding and Genetic Enhancement of Oilseed Crops through Wide Hybridization

By: M. Sujatha , K.T. Ramya , T. Papi Reddy

Page No : 89-97

Abstract:
Prebreeding programmes facilitate generation of novel populations essential for crop improvement programme besides identification of heterotic patterns needed for development of hybrid populations. One of the key factors which contributed to successful adoption of prebreeding approach is utilization of landrace germplasms, unadapted exotic lines, and wild relatives from the primary, secondary and tertiary genepools. Prebreeding and cultivar development are essential interdependent activities and are the major controlling factors that determine the pace at which cultivars are released consistently to the farmers. This chapter deals with attempts made employing certain prebreeding methods and strategies followed to transfer key genes from wild genepools to cultivated oilseed crops.

Authors :
M. Sujatha and K.T. Ramya : ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030 (TS)
T. Papi Reddy : Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007 (TS)

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.12

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Studies on Floral Morphovariations of Genus Ipomoea L. From Nasik, Maharashtra.

By: Shinde H.P. , Sangle M.P. , Sanap C.S.

Page No : 99-104

Abstract
The present research article deals with the study on floral morphovariations of genus Ipomoea L.; a dominant genus belonging to family Convolvulaceae. The detailed survey and frequent field visits were conducted during the period from January 2019 to February 2020. Total 10 species have been collected and studied from various localities like swampy forest area, road side, village, water bodies, and boundaries of agricultural fields across the Nasik region. The recorded species were listed and photographically illustrated to distinguish key characters. The habit, size, shape, pattern and color of corolla well as corresponding lengths of stamens, carpels and their projection have been demonstrated so as to delimit the taxa through primary identification. The species like I.cairica, I. carnea, I. triloba and I. companulata have been found to be distributed more commonly and quite invasive having persistent growth; showed intraspecific variation, complexity in terms of floral attributes, flowering period, anthesis etc.

Authors :
Shinde H.P., Sanap, C.S. and Sangle, M.P.
Dept. of Botany, K.V.N. Naik College, Nasik, Maharashtra.

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.13

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Characterization of chemical constituents in Viola odorata L. tissues by liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

By: Lubna Aslam , Shajaat Hussain , Ramanjeet Kaur , Deepika Lalla , Venu Sharma , Nisha Kapoor , Ritu Mahajan

Page No : 105-116

Abstract 
Viola odorata L. commonly known as Banafsha is a popular medicinal plant, used for the treatment of various respiratory ailments. Various plant tissue of Viola odorata plays an important role in anticancerous and antimicrobial activities. In the present study, metabolic profiling of the petiole and berry tissues of the plant was evaluated using LC-HRMS that revealed the presence of important metabolites in V. odorata. The petiole extract showed the presence of acetonic acid, cysteinyl glycine, dihydrocodeine, methionine, isoflavone glycoside and dafachronic acid, whereas berry extract indicated the presence of 6-methyl-2-thiouracil, 2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid, eugenol, cycloheximide, flavanol O-glycosides, myriocin, orotic acid, delphinidin. This is the first study that reports the presence of important metabolites in petioles and berries of V. odoarata from Kishtwar region of J&K.

Authors :
Lubna Aslam , Shajaat Hussain, Ramanjeet Kaur, Deepika Lalla, Venu Sharma, Nisha Kapoor and Ritu Mahajan
School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180 006, India

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.14

Price: 251

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High Throughput Extraction, Partial Purification and Characterization of Antioxidant Enzyme Ascorbate Peroxidase (Apx) Present in Chilli (Capsicum Annuum, Var. Azad Mirch-1) Plant

By: Anil Kumar , Saumya Katiyar

Page No : 117-124

Abstract
In this study, extraction, partial purification and characterization of antioxidant enzyme ascorbate peroxidase (APX) present in chilli (Capsicum annuum, var. Azad mirch-1) plant was performed. Fresh tissues of chilli plant were grown in experimental form of the Rama University Mandhana, Kanpur (India). APX enzyme was isolated in vitro conditions and detected by the spectrophotometic based enzyme assay. APX was purified with the use of column chromatography. APX enzyme was purified up to 59.62 fold with 30.33 % yield. The native molecular weight was obtained 57 kDa (homomer). The optimal temperature and pH of the chilli APX enzyme were found 55 °C and 7.5. The Km values were determined for both the substrate i.e. ascorbate and H2 O2 by drawing plots between enzyme velocity vs substrate concentration and obtained Km values of ascorbate and H2 O2 were found 2.41 mM and 1.77 mM respectively. Present study may be helpful for the agromonic practices and health related issues.

Authors :
Saumya Katiyar: Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Rama University, U.P., Kanpur (India)
Anil Kumar : Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Rama University, U.P., Kanpur (India)

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.15

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Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Coefficient Studies in Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Genotypes under Foothill Condition of Nagaland

By: Kisemsala Longkumer , H.P. Chaturvedi

Page No : 125-130

Abstract :
Analysis of variance revealed significant variation among the genotypes for all the character studied. The studies also showed that the PCV were higher than the GCV for all the characters studied indicating the role of environmental variance in the total variance. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed in days to 50% flowering and diameter of pods indicating that these characters are controlled by additive gene effect and phenotypic selection of these characters would be effective for further breeding purpose. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive association with seeds per pod and shelling percentage. The path analysis revealed that seeds per pod contributed maximum positive direct effect on pod yield per plant and also exhibited positive correlation with yield. This shows true relationship between these traits and selection emphasis should be given on seeds per pod.

Authors :
Kisemsala Longkumer and H. P. Chaturvedi
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Nagaland University, SASRD, Medziphema- 797106

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.16

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Evaluation of antibacterial properties of (Z)-7-methoxy-1, 5-dihydrobenzo[c] oxepine isolated from Curcuma caesia Roxb.

By: Arghya Ghosh

Page No : 131-134

Abstract :
The assessment of antimicrobial potentiality of (Z)-7-methoxy-1, 5-dihydrobenzo[c] oxepine was the primary objective of this study. Assessment of its antimicrobial activity was performed using disc diffusion assay respectively. The bioactive compound was terpenoid in nature. The MIC values tested against different pathogenic bacteria. The MIC values of this mono-terpenoid was 150 ?g/ml for the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Klebsiella pneumonia, Citrobacter freundii, Proteus vulgaris and 200 ?g/ml for the bacterium Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus mirabilis, Vibrio cholerae respectively. This is the first report of the bioactive nature of (Z)-7-methoxy- 1, 5- dihydrobenzo[c]oxepine against above microorganisms. Due to its antimicrobial property it may function in ethnomedicinal purpose.

Author :
Arghya Ghosh : Assistant Professor, under graduate and post graduate department of Botany, Darjeeling Govt College, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.17

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Rediscovery of Tectaria trimenii (Bedd.) C.Chr. (Dryopteridaceae: Pteridophyta), a Critically Endangered Fern, in South India.

By: Vineesh, T. V. , Reshma Raju , Venugopalakrishna Kurupu, V. , Gangaprasad, A.

Page No : 135-138

Abstract
Tectaria trimenii (Bedd.) C. Chr., which is a critically endangered fern, has been rediscovered in south India. This species was only once collected in India, by Beddome, in 1881. As nobody collected this species there after Beddome, it was thought probably to have become extinct in India. Detailed description and photographs are provided here to help botanists for an easy identification.

Authors :
Vineesh, T. V. : Research and Development Centre, Bharahtiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.
Reshma Raju : Department of Botany, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
Venugopalakrishna Kurupu , V. : Research and Development Centre, Bharahtiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.
Gangaprasad, A.: Department of Botany, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.18

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Morpho-cytology and its impact on seed viability in Vitex negundo (Linn) an unexplored wild shrub from Jammu division, J&K (India)

By: Nisha Bhagat , Mamata Jamwal , Arun Kumar Khajuria , Rupali Nanda

Page No : 139-149

Abstract :
Vitex negundo Linn. (Lamiaceae) is a wild aromatic shrub of immense medicinal utility. It is largely used to cure various fungal diseases, inflammations, hepato-protective and antioxidant disorders. Bearing in mind its worldwide distribution, medicinal potentialities and an unexplored position in J&K (India), present work embodying morpho-cytological details and its influence on pollen and seed viability was carried out on plant populations identified and localized from five districts of Jammu division of J&K, India (area of study). Morphological studies in these populations revealed non-significant difference between the mean of various parameters studied, whereas cytological studies affirms a stable diploid chromosome number of 2n=34. Despite of several abnormalities in the form univalents, multivalent (quadrivalents and hexavalents), chromosome stickiness and Bchromosomes, regular segregation during anaphase results in high pollen viability ranging from 81% to 95.7% in the plant species. From above observations it can thus be concluded that meiotic system has no role in determining the seed viability of the species. Various other factors such as physiological (hard seed coat) or maternal (role of genes) may be responsible for poor propagation of the species in natural conditions, which further needs detailed probing.

Authors :
Nisha Bhagat : Department of Botany, Government Degree College (Boys), Kathua, J&K, India-184104
Mamata Jamwal : Department of Education, J&K, India-181133
Arun Kumar Khajuria : Department of Botany, Cluster University Jammu, J&K, India-184001
Rupali Nanda :  Department of Botany, Government Degree College (Boys), Kathua, J&K, India-184104

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.19

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Isolation and Characterization of Lectins from Dolichos lablab and Lagenaria siceraria

By: Prachi Nikam , Kanchan Chitnis

Page No : 151-156

Abstract:
Lectins are proteins found in plants and different organisms. They possess the ability to bind to specific carbohydrate and can agglutinate erythrocytes. In the present study, two Indian varieties of plants namely, Field Beans (Dolichos lablab) and Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) were used to extract and characterize lectins for their haemagglutination activity against the human ABO blood group antigens. Boiled and unboiled seeds and pulp were used. Crude extracts were prepared using 0.15M NaCl solution and were estimated for proteins by Biuret method. Salting out fractions were obtained using Ammonium sulphate and proteins from these fractions were estimated by Folin Lowry method. Field beans had higher protein content (4.76mg/ml) than Bottle Gourd (1.05 mg/ml) and there was a decrease in protein content after boiling(2.12 mg/ml, and 0.58 mg/ml respectively). The crude extract and fractions were assayed for qualitative and quantitative hemagglutination activity and sugar specificity. Field Beans extract of unboiled seeds showed agglutination with human blood group A and B and showed a very high intensity with Hemagglutination Units (HU) of 1024. Field Beans extract showed agglutination with blood group A even after boiling, although the intensity was lesser than unboiled extract. Bottle Gourd extracts did not show any agglutination activity. Positive haemagglutination for Blood Group A and B was observed exclusively in Dolichos lablab fraction: 0-25%. The other fractions did not show any haemagglutination activity indicating that lectin was extracted in the 0-25% fraction. This fraction was electrophoresed by Native PAGE. A single band of approximately 66.5kDa was observed on the gel. Lectins of Dolichos lablab were found to bespecific for sugars- Glucose, Galactose and Lactose. From this study, it was concluded that boiling decreased the lectin activity but did not completely alleviate it. This is contrary to the belief that boiling leads to complete removal of lectin activity. Agglutination activity of Dolichos lablab lectin can be used in blood typing and also in differentiation of normal and aberrant cells. Lectins can help in early detection of changes in cell topology, especially in cancer. The lectin from Dolichos lablab has shown to be very potent, with very high agglutination titreunits. Thus, it shows great promise in detecting very subtle changes in glyco-topology of aberrant cells.

Authors:
Prachi Nikam : Post Graduate Student of Department of Life Science, Ramnarain Ruia Autonomous College, L.N.Road, Matunga East, Mumbai, India, 400019
Kanchan Chitnis :Assistant Professor, Department of Life Science, Ramnarain Ruia Autonomous College, L.N. Road, Matunga East, Mumbai, India, 400019.

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.20

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Phytochemical and antioxidant attributes of Rhus chinensis Mill., an edible wild fruit from Sikkim Himalaya

By: Dhani Raj Chhetri , Justina Mahanta , Arun Chettri , Aditya Pradhan

Page No : 157-166

Abstract:
Rhus chinensis Mill. is a wild medicinal plant found in Sikkim Himalaya, which yields edible fruits. The juice concentrate from the fruits is used traditionally for the cure of various gastric disorders. The present study was carried out to analyze the phytochemical and nutraceutical constituents of the fruits of R. chinensis and to see whether the antioxidant properties are related to these constituents. Proximate and nutritional analyses were performed by the AOAC methods. Lycopene and ?carotene were estimated by the method of Nagata and Yamashita. Total phenolics was calculated in terms of gallic acid equivalents and total flavonoids as well as flavonol contents were calculated as rutin equivalents using standard methods. Antioxidant capacity was determined by DPPH, ABTS, Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and total antioxidant activity. Mineral contents were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). The findings reveal the presence of a very high content of phenolics, flavonoids, vitamin C and dietary fibres in addition to the appreciable amounts of lipids, total carbohydrates and calorific value. The fruit extracts prepared in water, ethyl acetate and aqueous methanol exhibited strong antioxidant activity in different assays. Solvent and assay specific variations were evident. The fruits also contained high levels of micro- and macro elements. The study supports the medicinal and nutritional value of Rhus chinensis. The medicinal properties exhibited by the fruit extracts may be due to its strong antioxidant properties and the antioxidant properties in turn may be due to the presence of appreciable level of secondary metabolites.

Authors :
Dhani Raj Chhetri, Jutisna Mahanta, Arun Chettri and Aditya Pradhan
Department of Botany, Sikkim University, 6th Mile, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim-737102, India.

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.21

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Floristic composition and life form spectrum analysis of vascular plants growing in Gargi College campus, University of Delhi, Delhi-49

By: Renu Soni , Renu Puri , Vera Yurngamla Kapai

Page No : 167-175

Abstract:
Floristic diversity is specific for an ecological area and plays an important role in every ecosystem. The present study deals with floristic composition and life form analysis of vascular plants, which grow in Gargi college campus and are compared with Raunkiaer’s life form spectrum. The whole campus area was surveyed during 2018 to 2019 for the record of plant specimens. Plant species growing wild as well as cultivated have been listed belonging to vascular plants (angiosperm, gymnosperm and pteridophyte). A total of 199 plant species of 172 genera and 69 families were recorded, including 2 pteridophytes, 7 gymnosperms and 190 angiosperms (23% monocots and 77% dicots). Fabaceae was found as the most dominant family in the flora of the project area that contributed 17 species, followed by Apocynaceae (10 species), Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae and Poaceae (9 species), Asparagaceae and Malvaceae (8 species), Arecaceae (7 species) while rest of the families shared 1-6 species. It was recorded that herbs were dominating fraction in the floristic composition that contributed 38%, followed by trees (32%), shrubs (16%), climbers (5%) and shrub to trees (4%), whereas rest of 4 categories were in the range of 3- 0.005%. Phanerophytes were the most abundant life form that constituted 55.28% of the total flora, followed therophytes by (29.15%), chamaephytes (6.53%), geophytes (5.03%) hemicryptophytes (3.02%), and hydrophytes (1.01%).

Authors :
Renu Soni, Renu Puri and Vera Yurngamla Kapai
Department of Botany, Gargi College, Delhi University, Delhi-110007

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.22

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Variability and character association studies in Black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper)

By: Thokala Surekha , Pankaj Shah , Preeti Kumari

Page No : 177-183

Abstract:
Present study was conducted to assess the magnitude of variability and character association for grain yield and contributing traits in black gram genotypes at the experimental farm of School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Nagaland University Medziphema campus representing foot hill condition of Nagaland. Pulses being the major source of protein of vegetarian population of India are high in demand. So this study aimed to identify genotypes of black gram which have a broad spectrum of variability and traits having positive association with seed yield for indirect selection. Studies were done in twenty-six genotypes of black gram for twelve traits. The results indicated that PCV was higher than the GCV for almost of all the traits. High heritability was observed for seed yield per plant, number of pods per cluster and number of clusters per plant suggesting that these traits are primarily under genetic control. Correlation studies revealed a significant and positive association of seed yield per plant with number of pods per cluster and number of clusters per plant at phenotypic level. In general, the magnitude of genotypic correlation was higher than the phenotypic correlation. This suggested a strong genetic association between the traits and the phenotypic expression was suppressed due to environmental influence. Based on variability and association studies, number of seeds per pod and number of pods per cluster were found to be the major contributing traits for yield. Therefore, these traits can be considered as selection criteria for selection and for discrimination of outstanding black gram genotypes.

Authors:
Thokala Surekha, Pankaj Shah and Preeti Kumari
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding - School of Agricultural Sciences & Rural Development, Nagaland University, Medziphema-797106 Dist. Dimapur Nagaland

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.23

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Reducing the Use of Fungicides Sprays with Natural Compounds and Biocontrol Agents for Late Blight Management: A Review

By: Abdul Majeed , Zahir Muhammad , Rehmanullah , Naila Inayat , Saira Siyar , Shabir Hussain Wani

Page No : 185-196

Abstract:
Late blight of potato, a pathogenic disease of members of Solanaceae caused by Phytophthora infestans, has drastic effects on yield and quality of potato and tomato. The disease is generally managed by exhaustive applications of different fungicides, which manifests an efficient mechanism to minimize yield losses; however, the evolution of new pathogenic strains of P. infestans with unusual virulence potentials and fungicide resistance and environmental problems caused by fungicide use has drawn much attention in recent times to revise the disease control methods. Addressing the public and scholarly concerns over the frequent uses of late blight fungicides, novel, eco-friendly and safe, natural compounds are needed to be used as fungicides alternative for controlling late blight disease. This article reviews the potential role and efficacy of some natural compounds as alternative agents to commonly used fungicides. The discussion particularly focuses on plant and compost extracts, essential oils and biological antagonists as a whole or their products as possible substitutes or analogues to synthetic fungicides.

Author:
Abdul Majeed : Department of Botany, Government Degree College Naguman, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Zahir Muhammad : Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Rehmanullah : Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Naila Inayat : Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Saira Siyar : Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Shabir Hussain Wani :Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Khudwani -192 101, Sher-e-Kashmir, University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.24

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Antioxidant activity of micro propagated Ocimum citriodorum

By: K. Santhi , P. Udhayaraja , R. Sengottuvel

Page No : 197-201

Abstract :
In vitro studies on micropropagation protoplast culture on Ocimum citriodorum and its antioxidant activity was investigated. The healthy plants of Ocimum citriodorum were collected in Kodaikanal were raised and maintained at Poonga Biotech Research Centre, Chennai. Maximum primary callus initiation (75 ± 5.0 %) for Ocimum citriodorum was documented in leaf explants on MS medium supplemented with 2, 4-D (4.52 ?M). Similarly MS medium supplemented with BA (4.44 ?M) and NAA (0.14 ?M) recorded 75 % shoot regeneration producing highest number of total shoots (8.33 ± 1.15) with an average shoot length of 5.43 ± 0.06 cm from nodal explants after six weeks of culture. the optimal rooting response was observed on half strength MS medium supplemented with IBA (2.46 ?M) in terms of average number of roots (6.0± 1.0) with mean root length of 4.90 ± 0.26 cm per shoot with 75±5.0 % of rooting response recorded after 30 days of culture. mother plant and in vitro plant had the highest radical-scavenging activity (71.3%) and (65.2) respectively. Least percentage of radical-scavenging activity (17.6 %) was recorded in the in vitro callus extract (Methanol extract) of Ocimum citriodorum.

Authors :
K. Santhi : Assistant professor, Department of Botany, Selvamm Arts and Science College, Namakkal
P. Udhayaraja : Assistant professor, Department of Microbiology, Kongu College of Arts and Science, Karur
R. Sengottuvel : Assistant professor, Department of Botany, Arignar Anna Govt Arts College, Namakkal

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.25

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Note on extended distribution of Vigna indica Dixit et al (Fabaceae) in Karnataka, India

By: Sidanand V. Kambhar , Rahul R. Patil , Manjunath L. Hanji

Page No : 203-204

Abstract:
The species of Vigna indica Dixit et al, was recorded from Vijayapur and Chikodi tahshil of Belagavi District, Karnataka. The present collection of this species found new distribution record for Karnataka state. The short description and distribution also been provided.

Authors :
Sidanand V. Kambhar, Rahul R. Patil and Manjunath L. Hanji
Post Graduate Department of Botany, KLE Society’s, Basavaprabhu Kore Art’s, Science and Commerce College, Chikodi, Belagavi- 591 201,

 

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.26

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Callus Induction, Proliferation, Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration in Gladiolus Communis L.

By: Peer Saffeullah , Neelofer Nabi

Page No : 205-209

Abstract:
Gladiolus communis L. is an ornamental herb belonging to family Iridaceae, which is widely used in cut-flower business. But multiplication rate of Gladiolus is very slow in natural conditions and is damaged by Fusarium corm rot. So, this study was aimed to design an efficient callus induction and plant regeneration protocol for Gladiolus. Callus was induced using bulb explants of Gladiolus when incubated on MS medium supplied with various concentrations of 2,4-D. Maximum callus proliferation was obtained in 0.5 mgL-1 2,4-D amended medium, but the proportion of callus proliferation showed a decreasing tendency at higher concentration (1-2 mgL-1 2,4-D). At lower concentrations (0.5 mgL-1 2, 4-D), the maximum callus proliferation was observed (1.10 g), while at 1.0 mgL-1the callus biomass was 0.9 g in 4 weeks after inoculating the initial mass of 0.3g of callus . So, high concentrations of 2, 4-D decreased the rate of callus formation. Auxins particularly, 2,4-D (1-2 mgL-1) is crucial for initiation of embryogenicalli with maximum embryogenic induction frequency of 70% in 0.5 mgL-1 2,4-D supplemented MS medium. The medium when supplemented with BAP either alone or in combination with NAA results in development of somatic embryos with globular and other stages. The maximum no. of embryos was observed in 0.5 mgL-1BAP and 0.5 mgL-1 NAA amended medium. Plants were regenerated on the BAP and NAA supplemented medium with maximum conversion frequency of 75% in 0.5 mgL-1 BAP and 0.2 mgL-1 NAA added medium. Rooting of regenerated plants was done on 0.5 mgL-1 IBA fortified half strength MS medium. So, this efficient protocol for callus induction, proliferation, somatic embryogenesis can be used for rapid propagation of Gladiolus communis.

Authors:
Peer Saffeullah :Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India-110062
Neelofer Nabi : Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India-190006

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.27

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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal and Endophytic (DSE) association in the dominant grasses of Melghat Forest (Phase -II), India

By: P.W. Deotare , S.P. Khodke , R.C. Maggirwar , S.K. Kharwade

Page No : 211-224

Abstract :
Soil fungi play a crucial role in producing fundamental ecosystem services such as soil fertility, nutrient cycling and establishment of plant community dynamics in the forest. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are one of the most important members of this soil microbial community in the ecosystem. They are beneficial soil symbionts fulfilling a key function in the complex networks of belowground biotic interactions. As Melghat Tiger Reserve of Satpura terrain India was not surveyed earlier by anybody to explore AMF diversity associated with grasses, we have carried out the survey in two phases. In the phase II of study, different grass species belonging to 35 species of 27 genera from core region were screened for association of AMF and dark septate endophyte (DSE). All these grasses were randomly collected from 9 different sites. Sporobolus indicus var. fertilis was found to be the most dominant grass species. The composite soil sample was prepared for each site and used for physico-chemical analysis by standard methods and their correlation study was carried out.

The rhizosphere soil samples were used to extract AMF spores and out of 1214 viable spores from 9 different sites in all 25 different AMF species representing 4 genera were identified. The mean % AMF was found to range between 5.83 to 47.31,% DSE from 0.22 to 29.43 and spore count from 0.66 to 65.33. Acaulosporas crobiculata Trappe was the most dominant AMF species. The roots showed hyphal penetration and appressorium, vesicles, H-connections and Y-junctions of hyphae, hyphal coils, intraradical spores, extraradical hyphae and spores which confirmed the AMF association. Various types of arbuscules have been reported such as in 17 grasses Arum type, in 28 grasses Paris type and in 2 grasses intermediate type. Intra radicle spores were found in 7 grasses.

The grass family is one of the largest and important families of the plant kingdom. It has great adaptability and is essential component of all type of ecosystems. In present investigation the consistent colonization of AMF along with DSE association with grasses suggests that these fungi have a significant ecological function. Such studies could provide very useful information for the maintenance of special habitats like Melghat Tiger Reserve forest. We need to design further studies to understand the significance of the coexistence of these fungi at the ecosystem level by using some molecular tools

Authors :
P.W. Deotare : Mycorrhizal Bio-technology Lab, P.G. Department of Botany, Shri Shivaji Science College, Amravati, Maharashtra, India.
S.P. Khodke : Vinayak Vidnyan Mahavidyalaya, Nandgaon(Kh.), Amravati, Maharashtra, India
R.C. Maggirwar : Mycorrhizal Bio-technology Lab, P.G. Department of Botany, Shri Shivaji Science College, Amravati, Maharashtra, India.
S.K. Kharwade : Mycorrhizal Bio-technology Lab, P.G. Department of Botany, Shri Shivaji Science College, Amravati, Maharashtra, India.

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.28

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Novel Researches in Life Sciences : Plants

By: C P Malik

Page No : 225-235

Abstract:
In the new year umpteen new discoveries are made in different organisms. The present review highlights some of the outstanding novel researches pertinent to plants. Key words: corn ears, genome editing, clones of rice, striga, plant hormone, seed dormancy, maternal, moonlighting gene, maize, precision agriculture, mushrooms, antioxidants, ageing, Walnut, barley grains, farming.

Author:
CP Malik : Former Adviser and Jaipur National University, Jaipur

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.29

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Variable antioxidative responses to salt (NaCl) stress among seven different sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) varieties

By: R. Desingh , G. Kanagaraj

Page No : 237-244

Abstract :
Antioxidant characteristics were determined in seven sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) varieties (PAIYUR-1, SVPR-1, TMV-3, TMV-4, TMV-5, VIR-1 and VIR-2) subjected to salt stress of different concentrations (0, 40, 80 and 120mM) as a basal dose and sampling was done in leaves on 30th Days After Treatment (DAT). Leaf extracts of TMV-3 showed higher antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GR, APX and POD), while the lowest activities were recorded with PAIYUR-1. Lower rates of membrane lipid peroxidation and electrolytic leakage were noticed in the leaves of TMV-4 under salt stress. The leaves of TMV-3 and TMV-4 accumulated more proline, glycine betaine and abscisic acid under salt stress while lower content in PAIYUR-1 and VIR-1. Our data revealed that among seven sesame varieties TMV-3 and TMV-4 have efficient antioxidative characteristics which could provide better protection against oxidative stress in leaves under salt stressed conditions.

Authors:
R. Desingh and G. Kanagaraj
Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Chidambaram,Tamil Nadu-608 002, India

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.30

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Floral Phenology of Chlorophytum arundinaceum Baker in Subtropical Climes of Jammu.

By: Namrata Sharma , Mamata Jamwal , Renuka Kumari

Page No : 245-248

Abstract:
Chlorophytum arundinaceum Baker, a perennial herb with a disc like reduced stem and thick, fleshy and cylindrical root tubers, is a plant of repute as its fasciculated roots are reported to be used as a tonic and constitute an important ingredient in number of ayurvedic and unani formulations. Present communication is based on phenological events of this medicinally important species in the subtropical climes of study area i.e. Jammu, J&K state, India. Every year these plants pass a brief period of senescence from November to February when temperature dips down even to 10.1° C. New flush of leaves sprout in the middle of March or beginning of April. Commencement of flowering occurs in the end of April. Flowers are arranged into large sized panicles. Placement of essential organs in the flowers, protandry and other pollination events reveal species to be a cross pollinated one. Fruiting occurs by the end of August/ September and the above ground parts dry up by the middle of November.

Authors:
Renuka Kumari, Mamata Jamwal and Namrata Sharma
Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K, India - 180006

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.31

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Salinity Stress on Mineral Elements in Seven Sesame Varieties

By: R. Desingh , G. Kanagaraj

Page No : 249-254

Abstract:
Salinity is one of the environmental limiting factors in agricultural production for the aim of investigating the effects of salt stress on some physiological traits in seven sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) varieties including PAIYUR–1, SVPR–1, TMV–3, TMV–4, TMV–5, VIR–1 and VIR–2. Young and fully matured leaves were taken from control and salinity treated plants on 15th Days After Treatment (DAT), 30th (DAT) and 45th (DAT) for all the experiments in different salinity (NaCl) concentrations of control, 40mM, 80mM, 120Mm. During the experiments the minerals elemental analysis of the leaves content of were measured. On 45th DAT, significantly higher enhancement of various minerals elements, abscisic acid and protein content was observed in TMV-3 with 120mM salinity by relative to control plants while lower enhancement was noticed in PAIYUR-1 with 120mM salinity by compared to control plants. Moderate enhancement of various physiochemical parameters was monitored in the variety VIR-2, TMV-3 was closely followed by TMV-4, VIR-1, SVPR-1 and TMV-5 with 120mM salinity on 45th DAT compared to control plants. Our results suggest that better high percentage of maintained higher content of mineral elements, abscisic acid and protein content and lower accumulation of sodium and chloride in the leaves in TMV-3 indicates its adaptability to salinity stress.

Authors:
G. Kanagaraj : Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, Government Arts college for men, Krishnagiri- 635 001,Tamilnadu, India.
R. Desingh : Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608 002, Tamil Nadu, India

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.32

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Control of some fungal disease of Arachis hypogeal L. (Groundnut) by using plant leaf extract

By: V.B. Sonawane

Page No : 255-259

Abstract:
The present studies control of fungal disease of Arachis hypogeal L. by using plant leaf extract during the period 2018– 2019. Plant suffers from many fungal diseases. Fungal disease management programme cost very effective and eco friendly components like plant extract are used to control soil borne fungal plant pathogens. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia bataticola fungal plant pathogens of groundnut. Effect of four different plant extracts at three different concentrations 30%, 50%, and 100 percentage. The fungal pathogen was studied by Food poisoning Technique. The 100 % concentration of these plants extracts showed more inhibition in the growth of pathogen than other 50% and 30 % concentration. Maximum percentage of 64.7 and 77.5 was recorded against Aspergillus flavus using the leaf extract of Adhatoda vasica at 50 and 100 percentage concentrations respectively. Datura stramonium was least effective in inhibiting growth of Rhizoctonia bataticola with percentage inhibition of only 67.8. Fusarium oxysporum was effectively controlled by Datura stramonium, Withania somnifera. Withania somnifera was found to be most effective in controlling Aspergillus niger while Datura stramonium was effective against Aspergillus niger. In general Datura stramonium, Withania somnifera were effective control of fungal pathogen as compared other two leaf extract.

Author :
V.B. Sonawane : Arts, Commerce and Science College Nandgaon, Dist. Nashik

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.33

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Pollen Viability Study of Solanum erianthum D. Don

By: Soumi Ghosh , Tustu Mondal , Anjalika Roy

Page No : 261-265

Abstract :
Pollen viability tested in Solanum erianthum D. Don by stain tests and in vitro pollen germination to ascertain the effects of essential compounds on pollen germination for designing efficient seed setting. Three stain tests (TTC, acetocarmine and safranin) and different growth media test e.g. sucrose, boric acid and gibberellic acid (alone and in combination) were done for pollen viability. The flowers generally open at 04:30 to 07:00 AM, after which anther dehiscence takes place. TTC test was more reliable. Percentage of germination was low in sucrose or boric acid medium. Maximum germination and pollen tube development was in 25% sucrose solution with 100 ppm boric acid. The gibberellic acid added to the basal medium reduced the germination rate. Accurate nutrient medium is required for proper growth and development of pollen tube.

Authors :
Soumi Ghosh :Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan- 731235, India
Tustu Mondal : Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier’s College, Burdwan-713103, India
Anjalika Roy : Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan- 731235, India

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.34

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Unveiling the Secrets of Plant-parasitic Nematodes for Effective Management

By: Shilpy Shakya , Bindhya Chal Yadav

Page No : 267-280

Abstract:
Plant-parasitic nematodes are one of the nature’s most successful of all parasites. These tiny animals have been reported from all terrains of all continents. In spite of having one of the simplest body forms, these animals have diversified them to acquire almost all possible niches and their feeding habits. Several important features present with them greatly help them to have upper hand compared to other pathogens in nature. Even in the absence of amphimixis in certain plant-parasitic nematodes, these animals have tremendous genetic diversity. Plant-parasitic nematodes have developed sophisticated strategies to cross-talk with their host. Several important proteins effectors from nematode and also, proteins from host faithfully co-ordinates this sophisticated dialogue between host-pathogens. It has also been reported that plant-parasitic nematodes have acquired / borrowed genes from bacteria through a process of horizontal gene transfer. Painstaking researches have led to identification of the parasitism genes which encodes the proteins required for successful completion of life-cycle. Although responsible for more than $175 billion annually to worldwide agriculture, we have only a handful method to control the damage caused by them. Our limited understanding of the biology of these nematodes severely limits our progress towards designing novel control strategies. With introduction of the several new molecular tools in field of plant nematology, have opened up new vistas in our understanding and also offered unparallel opportunity to look beyond traditional control methods and have a look in secret world of plant-parasitic nematodes.

Authors:
Shilpy Shakya : Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology, Govt. (PG) College Fatehabad, Agra, India
Bindhya Chal Yadav : Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, Govt. (PG) College Fatehabad, Agra, India

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.35

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Effect of Salinity Stress on Growth Performance, Cellular Responses and Antioxidant Production Capacity of Medicinal Plants

By: Malini Bhattacharyya , Puneet S. Singh , Babita Patni

Page No : 281-287

Abstract:
Soil salinity is a condition of the presence of a high amount of salt ions in the soil. Salt ions are toxic for plants. It is also harmful for medicinal plants. High salt concentration in the soil causes necrosis, rupture in the cell membrane and tissue degradation. But in plants, salinity stress acts as an elicitor of secondary metabolites. The saline condition helps in the up-regulation of defense mechanisms. For that reason, the accumulation of a large number of secondary metabolites happens. These could be beneficial for industries as well as transgenic research. In this review, we discussed the significance of salinity stress on medicinal plants growth pattern, cellular signalsand secondary metabolites up-regulation.

Authors:
Malini Bhattacharyya : Department of Enviornmental Plant Biology, High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India

Puneet S. Singh :Lovely Professional University, Punjab

Babita Patni : Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant, High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.36

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FTIR and HPLC Analysis of Andrographis Alata (Vahl.) Nees of Family Acanthaceae

By: K. Bhavani , S. Bangajavalli

Page No : 289-294

Abstract:
The present investigation was carried out to determine the various bioactive components of whole plant of Andrographis alata (Vahl.) Nees using FTIR and HPLC analysis. The FTIR analysis of Andrographis alata (Vahl.) Nees showed various stretching frequencies revealed the presence of Alkyl halides, alkynes, alkenes ether, ether or aloxy, acyl or nitro compounds, alkene or aromatics, amides, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acid, alkanes, alcohol, aromatic ring, amides , amines, alkynes and phenol. By using HPLC analysis showed the presence of the 0.01 % of andrographolide. The detailed investigation done with these processes helps in screening active compounds from this plant which lead to further discovery of new drugs for various diseases and ailments.

Authors:
K. Bhavani and S. Bangajavalli
Department of Botany, Sri Parasakthi College for Women, Courtallam-627802, Tamil Nadu, India

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.37

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Development and Validation of a GC-MS with SIM Method for the simultaneous estimation of 13 docosenamide, n-tetracosanol-1 and squalene from the leaf extracts of Wagatea spicata

By: Nandini Girish , Vikas Vaidya , Seema Sapale

Page No : 295-302

Abstract:
Wagatea spicata (Dalzell) Wight (Moullava spicata (Dalzell) Nicolson) is a plant of the western ghats of India. The plant has been popularly used in tribal medicine as a cure for respiratory and skin disorders in the form of its roots and stem bark respectively. [8,16] However, the folklore does not give much account of the benefits of the leaves of the plant. Three phytoconstituents have been isolated and characterized using advanced techniques like the Infra-Red (IR) spectroscopy, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy from the said plant. [12,13]

In order to establish the additional quality parameters, the prime objective of the present work was to assess the phytochemical profile of the plant. Effort was made to quantify 13 docosenamide, ntetracosanol-1 and squalene from the leaf extracts of Wagatea spicata using GC-MS. A simple, precise and accurate GC-MS method has been established for simultaneous quantitation of three components (13 docosenamide, squalene and n-tetracosanol-1) from Wagatea spicata.

Authors:
Nandini Girish : Ramnarain Ruia Autonomous College, Matunga, Mumbai
Vikas Vaidya : Royal College of Science, Arts and Commerce, Mira Road, Thane
Seema Sapale : Kirti M Doongursee College, Dadar, Mumbai

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.38

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Ultrasonic Assessment of Refined and Unrefined Mustard Oils

By: Kumari Bibha , Yadav R.P. , Singh P.P.

Page No : 303-311

Abstract:
This paper presents an ultrasonic method to measure the physico-chemical properties of mustard oil. This oil has a distinctive pungent taste, characteristic of all plants in the mustard (Brassicaceae) family.1 Over last decade less work has been done in evaluation of physico-chemical for a wide variety of mustard oil using ultrasonic technique. Ultrasound can be used to determine the dynamic rheology and composition of oils, the oil contents.2 Mustard oil has been ultrasonically assessed because of it has an important implication in spread ability and consistency of fatty materials. Ultrasonic velocity and attenuation measurements have useful in investigations of structures of oils and interactions between the molecules.3 The ultrasonic velocity (v), density (ñ), acoustic impedance (Z), adiabatic compressibility ( ), free length ( ) have been measured at fixed frequencies, 3MHz, in mustard oils. Mustard oils have characterized for specific gravity, ash content, iodine value, acid value, saponification value, peroxide value, free fatty acid, and refractive indices using standard methods.4 Low power ultrasound [LPU] in the food industry is as an analytical technique for providing information about the physicochemical properties of foods, such as composition, structure and physical state are responsible for changes in acoustical parameters.5,6 Physical properties of edible oils depend primarily on composition and temperature. The influences of temperature on physical-chemical properties are analyzed so that the refined oils and other exotic varieties have arrived recently. Mustard oil is best when consumed in its raw form known as ‘kachchi ghani’. “Our forebears have used mustard oil for centuries”. A comparative study of different brands of mustard oil has shown in present paper.

Authors :
Kumari Bibha : Department of Physics, Invertis University, Bareilly-243123,UP India
Yadav R. P. : Govt. P. G. College, Bilaspur (Rampur) – 262201,UP India
Singh P.P. : Department of Physics, Invertis University, Bareilly-243123,UP India

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.39

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Elucidating the Significance of Nitrogen requirements in Rice Cultivation: Review

By: Babita Patni

Page No : 313-321

Abstract:
High N loss and low N use efficiency (NUE), caused by high N fertilizer inputs and inappropriate fertilization patterns, have become debating issues in the rice (Oryza sativa L.) Nitrogen (N) is the most important nutrient in irrigated rice production. The high yields of irrigated rice also gets associated with large applications of fertilizer N (Cassman et al., 1998). Although N supply drives productivity, low fertilizer N use efficiency is a major characteristic of irrigated rice systems (Cassman et al., 1998). The low fertilizer N use efficiency has to be increased in the next decades to increase rice production to meet the food demands of a rapidly growing population (Jing et. al. 2007). Rice is one of the most important food crops in China, accounting for about 28% of the total grain-sown area, 43% of total grain production, and 40% of total calorific intake in the country (Huang et al., 2001). Approximately, 30% of the nitrogen used as fertilizer in the world is consumed in China of which rice crop consumes about 37% (Peng et al., 2002). The average rate of N application for rice production in China is high and N use efficiency is low when compared with other major rice growing countries (Peng et al., 2002). Reduction of N loss enhances both N in the soil and N use efficiency, alongwith reduced environmental costs associated with denitrification and leaching of NO3 (George et al., 1993). Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in irrigated cultivation is lower than that of dryland rice with or without covering the soil by plastic film (Ai et al., 2003). Hence, it is important to improve N use efficiency in the rice crop in the world (Lin et. al., 2006).We must understand role of nitrogen in rice production because nitrogen is an essential plant nutrient being a important component of amino acids, nucleic acids, nucleotides, chlorophyll, enzymes, and hormones required for rapid plant growth and improves grain yield and grain quality through higher tillering, leaf area development, grain formation, grain filling, and protein synthesis. In this regard the article has focused on how the nitrogen fertilizer is applied, what is the impact of fertilizer nitrogen dose on morphophysiological, biochemical and yield attributes of rice. However, future research is required to investigate the most appropriate urea application sites and fertilization nitrogen levels for different soil types. Therefore, we could assume that adoption of suitable fertilizer dose in rice cultivation is very important in enhancing agricultural benefits.

Author:
Babita Patni : Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant, High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.40

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Influence of foliar application of mineral nutrients on vegetative and fruit quality of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cv. Chandler

By: Gurpias Singh , Dilip Singh Kachwaya , Venkata Satish Kuchi , Manjinder Singh , Jagmeet Singh , Bavdeep Singh

Page No : 323-328

Abstract :
An experiment was conducted at the Agriculture Research Farm, Department of Agriculture, Mata Gujri College, Sri Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab during the year 2017-18 to study the effect of pre-harvest foliar application of nutrients on growth, yield and fruit quality of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cv. Chandler. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) having nine treatments with three replications. Treatments consisted of FeSO4 (0.4% and 0.6%), ZnSO4 (0.4% and 0.6%), Ca(NO3 ) 2 (0.4% and 0.6%) and Borax (0.1% and 0.2%), while in control water is sprayed. The results revealed that the plants treated with 0.6% FeSO4 increase vegetative growth in terms of plant height (20.91 cm), plant spread (31.37 cm), number of leaves per plant (28.50), leaf area (110.00 cm2 ), leaf area index (3.77), leaf fresh weight per plant (59.38 g) and leaf dry weight per plant (17.11 g). Maximum number of flowers per plant (17.52) and number of fruits per plant (12.19) also reported in plants treated with 0.6% FeSO4 . However, the plants treated with 0.6% ZnSO4 increase yield attributes and fruit quality attributes in the terms of fruit weight (13.52 g), fruit length (44.52 mm), fruit breadth (30.64 mm), yield per plant (129.10 g), yield per hectare (6.76 tonnes), TSS (12.67 ° B), ascorbic acid (60.53 mg/100g pulp), total sugar (7.96 %) and lowest acidity (0.78 %). Highest shelflife of fruits (2.75 days) were recorded in 0.6% Ca(NO3 )2 treated plants.

Authors:
Gurpias Singh : Mata Gujri College, Sri Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab -140406
Dilip Singh Kachwaya : Mata Gujri College, Sri Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab -140406
Venkata Satish Kuchi : Department of Horticulture, MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, R Sitapur, Gajapati, Odisha-761211, India.
Manjinder Singh : Mata Gujri College, Sri Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab -140406
Jagmeet Singh : Mata Gujri College, Sri Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab -140406
Bavdeep Singh : Mata Gujri College, Sri Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab -140406

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.41

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Leaf Clearing: A Review

By: Saima Rashid Mir , V.A. Patil , B.M. Shinde , M.M. Jana

Page No : 329-333

Abstract:
The clearing of leaves to reveal the leaf venation can be successfully accomplished by diverse methods. Leaf venations are an important feature for botanists and taxonomists to identify and catalogue a plant species, it has several waves of interest among morphologists and paleobotanists in studying of plant material total as such. Cleared leaves of different plant species can be stained and mounted to form ineradicable and permanent specimens applicable for research and class room study. The present paper depicts the review of literature on leaf clearing and its significance in Plant Sciences.

Authors:
Saima Rashid Mir, V.A Patil, B.M Shinde and M.M Jana
Department of Botany, Prof-Ramkrishna More A.C.S College Akurdi Pune

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.42

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Evaluation of Drought Stress Management using ACC Deaminase Producing Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria

By: Raja A , Prabakaran P , Ezhilarasu A , Ammu D

Page No : 335-341

Abstract :
The application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in agro-ecosystems is considered to have the potential for improving plant growth under drought tolerance. In the present study four different bacteria were isolated from paddy field. The isolates were identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens, Enterobacter sp, Bacillus subtilis and Rhizobium sp. All the four isolates were initially selected for their ability to produce IAA, phosphate solublization, siderophore production and ACC deaminase. Among them, Rhizobium sp and Pseudomonas sp were found to be potent isolates capable to produce siderophore, Acc deaminase and tolerate drought induced by PEG. Rhizobium sp showed the highest level of ACC deaminase and could efficiently enhance the root and shoot growth ratio followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens. The results of bacterial treatment were significant at p < .05 and not significant in control. These results suggest drought tolerant Pseudomonas sp and Rhizobium sp from V. radiatae could enhance plant growth under drought stress conditions and serve as effective bioinoculants to sustain agricultural production in arid regions.

Authors :
Raja A : Department of Microbiology, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College of Arts and Science for Women (Autonomous), Perambalur, Tamilnadu, India
Prabakaran P : Department of Microbiology, Selvamm Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Namakkal
Ezhilarasu A : Department of Microbiology, Selvamm Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Namakkal
Ammu D : Department of Microbiology, Selvamm Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Namakkal

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.43

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Stachytarpheta jamacensis(L.) Vahl. : Chemical, pharmacognostical, and ethnomedicinal studies.

By: Jyoti Kumar , Sneha Sahay

Page No : 343-352

Abstract:
Stachytarpheta jamacensis (L.) Vahl. be a member of Verbenaceae family and is frequently recognized by snake weed. It is one of the important plants with high medicinal and nutraceutical benefits. The T.S of leaves shows the presence of epidermis, vascular bundle, parenchyma, collenchyma and are characterised by anomocytic type of stomata. The T.S of stem shows the presence of cuticle, epidermis, vascular bundle, parenchyma, collenchymatous tissue. S. jamaicensis contains flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phenol, steroids, amino acid, reducing sugar. Stachtarpheta jamacensis indicator of poor soils (low in nitrogen) or wet areas. S. jamaicensis has able to neutralize acidity, relieve pain, reduce inflammation, expel parasitic worm, promotes diuresis, promoting calm, reduce spasms, minoxidil, restorative properties. It has also been enormously used as cooling tonic for the stomach.

Authors:
Sneha Sahay : Research Scholar, University Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
Jyoti Kumar : University Professor, University Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.44

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Diversity of the Grasses (Excluding Bamboo) of Nadia District, West Bengal and their economic potentiality

By: Sunit Mitra , Sobhan Kumar Mukherjee

Page No : 353-366

Abstract:
Nadia district lies between 22°53? and 24°11? North latitude and between 88°09? and 88°48? East longitude. The district lies in the state of West Bengal, in eastern India. It borders Bangladesh to the east, North 24 Parganas and Hooghly districts to the south, Bardhaman district to the west, and Murshidabad district to the north. The district is covered under Presidency Division and occupies 11th position in the State in respect of its size with an area of 3927 sq. km. This present work is an attempt to enumerate the grasses of Nadia district which is a long wanting demand to prepare a complete list of the grass flora of the State of West Bengal.

In present work it is observed that the district of Nadia comprises of 78 species and 1 – variety of grasses under 42 genera in 9 tribes distributed under 4 – subfamilies.

In the present conspectus the members of the tribe Bambusae and the 4 – most widely cultivated taxa of grasses viz. Oryza sativa, Triticum aestivum, Saccharum officinarum, and Zea mays is not included in the list. It is also evident that, the district of Nadia lacks endemic species of grasses. Last but not least it must be included that, this list is not a complete list in every respect. Because of lack of data in addition to that, disagreement over interpretation of taxa. It is observed that 79 taxa of grasses of Nadia district are can be used in 81 different ways which may be grouped under 8 – broad categories (Mitra 2005, 2009).

Authors :
Sunit Mitra : Associate Professor in Botany, Ranaghat College, Ranaghat, Nadia – 741201.
Sobhan Kumar Mukherjee : Professor (Retd.), Plant Taxonomy and Biosystematics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia – 741235.

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.45

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Effect of Biochar on Soybean yield and Soil Properties in Semi-arid Vertisol

By: R.S. Oak , D.D. Sarode , J.B. Joshi , S.A. Chavan

Page No : 367-375

Abstract :
Biochar is a novel soil conditioner with a potential for long term improvement in soil fertility and sustainability of agriculture. However, its effects are dependent on production conditions, feedstock, soil, agro-climate, crop type and application rate. Agronomic potential of biochar is less known in vertisols of hot semi-arid tropics for important oilseed crops like Soybean, especially at practically feasible application rates. Field experiment was performed in a completely randomized block design on a typical vertisol of Satara district, Maharashtra. Effect of biochar produced from mixture of crop residue and wood waste was studied on soybean crop and soil properties. The study involved total eight treatments including control, three application rates of biochar(2, 3.5 and 5 t ha-1) alone, recommended dose of chemical fertilizers (25kg N ha-1and 50 kg P ha-1) (RDF) and combined application of biochar treatments in combination with RDF. Significant adverse effect of biochar was observed on grain yield and soil properties. Highest grain yield was observed with RDF treatment (1.98 t ha-1), which was 40% higher than control. Compared to the RDF, grain yield of sole biochar 2 (1.07 t ha-1), 3.5 (1.3 t ha-1) and 5 t ha-1 (1 t ha-1) recorded a decline of 45.8, 34.5 and 49.7 % respectively. Compared to RDF, RDF plus biochar at 2 (1.6 t ha-1), 3.5 (1.65 t ha-1) and 5 t ha-1 (1.69 t ha-1) recorded a grain yield decline of 19, 16 and 14.3 % respectively. Thus, biochar application upto5 t ha-1 produced negative effect on soybean yield. Soil electrical conductivity and plant tissue phosphorus and magnesium concentration followed the pattern of grain yield. Thus the effect of biochar was mediated by the interaction of biochar with soil nutrients. Further investigation on biochar-nutrient interactions in soil, effect of nutrient rich biochar and of biochars with higher labile carbon are important in context of Indian vertisols.

Authors:
R. S. Oak : Department of General Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai - 400 019, India.
D. D. Sarode : Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai - 400 019, India.
J. B. Joshi : Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai - 400 094, India
S. A. Chavan : Ex-Head, Department of Agronomy, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli – 415 712, India

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.46

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Taxonomic Census of Bryophytes of Nadia District of West Bengal, India

By: Sunit Mitra

Page No : 377-386

Abstract:
Nadia districtlies between 22°53? and 24°11? North latitude and between 88°09? and 88°48? East longitude. Covering an area of 3927 Sq. Km. It borders Bangladesh to the east, North 24 Parganas and Hooghly districts to the south, Bardhaman district to the west, and Murshidabad district to the north. On the basis of the Bryo – Geographic Zonation of the India, this district is situated within the lower gangetic plain Bryo - geographic region. It is comprises of 36 taxa of Bryoflora of which 35 species and 1 – variety of Bryophytes belonging to 23 genera and 15 families, of which 5 species are under 3 genera and 3 – families of Liverworts, and 30 species and 1 – variety, under 20 genera 12 families belonging to the group Musci. Out of the 3 – bryophytic group viz. Hepaticopsida (Liverworts), Anthocerotopsida (Hornworts) and Bryopsida (Musci), the members of Anthocerotopsida (Hornworts) are totally absent in the district.

Author:
Sunit Mitra : Associate Professor of Botany -  Department of Botany, Ranaghat College, Ranaghat, Nadia – 741201

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32381/JPSR.2020.36.1-2.47

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Obituary
Dr. Khem Singh Gill

By: Dr. Khem Singh Gill

Page No : 387-388

Obituary

By: Dr. Mohinder Pal

Page No : 389