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Longitudinal Assessment of Mental Health Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic Long-Term Exposure on Health Care Workers from a North West Italian Hospital

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2023

Valeria Caramello Open the ORCID record for Valeria Caramello [Opens in a new window] ,
Valeria Gariglio ,
Gabriele Di Salvo ,
Giuseppe Maina  and
Adriana Boccuzzi
Valeria Caramello*
Affiliation:
Emergency Department and High Dependency Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, Turin, Orbassano, Italy
Valeria Gariglio
Affiliation:
Emergency Department and High Dependency Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, Turin, Orbassano, Italy
Gabriele Di Salvo
Affiliation:
Psychiatric Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, Turin, Orbassano, Italy
Giuseppe Maina
Affiliation:
Psychiatric Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, Turin, Orbassano, Italy
Adriana Boccuzzi
Affiliation:
Psychiatric Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, Turin, Orbassano, Italy
*
Corresponding author: Valeria Caramello, Email: v.caramello@sanluigi.piemonte.it/valeria.caramello@yahoo.it.
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Abstract

Objective:

To assess individual variation in anxiety, stress disorder, depression, insomnia, burnout, and resilience in health care workers (HCWs), 12 and 18 months after the beginning of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic.

Methods:

Prospective longitudinal study.

Results:

A total of 207 HCWs (74% female, 46% physicians, 44% nurses) answered; 50% scored over the cut-off for anxiety (GAD-7), 66% for PCL-C, 41% for depression (PHQ-9), 25% for ISI, and 15% started sleep inducers; 52% showed emotional exhaustion (EE), 68% detachment (DE), 39% professional efficacy (EF) at MBI; 27% completed the follow-up questionnaire 6 months later, showing a significant reduction in nearly all scores (GAD-7 median 11[5-15] vs 7[4-12] (P < 0.001); PCL-C 43[30-58] vs 37[24-50] (P < 0.05); PHQ-9 10[4-16] vs 6[3-12] (P < 0.001); ISI 10[4-15] vs 7[5-12](NS); MBI EE 25[16-35] vs 23 [15-31] (NS), DE 13[8-17] vs 12[8-17], EF 29[25-34] vs 30[25-34]. Living in a flat (OR 2.27 [1.10-4.81], high-intensity-of-care working (2.83 [1.15-7.16] increased risk of anxiety (GAD-7); age between 31-40 y (OR 2.8 [1.11-7.68], being a nurse (OR 3.56 [1.59-8.36] and high-intensity-of-care working (OR 8.43 [2.92-26.8] increased risk of pathological stress (PCL-C).

Conclusions:

Nearly half of HCWs showed psychological distress, especially nurses, women, and the youngest. A mandatory job change, increasing intensity of care, working in a COVID-19 department, and being infected were negative factors; having a partner and living in a detached house were protective. Six months later, all the psychological domains showed individual improvement.

Keywords

Health care workersStress PsychologicalBurnout, DisastersCOVID-19
Type
Original Research
Information
Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness , Volume 17 , 2023 , e378
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Society for Disaster Medicine and Public Health, Inc.

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