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2021, Academia Letters
Academia Letters
The risk of COVID19 reinfection, Breakthrough and Escape, how much will be saved from coronavirus infection after vaccination?2021 •
This review aims to highlight the rationale for the development of mRNA-lipid nanoparticle based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus, a major threat to human population and declared as global pandemic viral disease (COVID-19). The detection of double mutation (the mutation sites E484Q and L452R) in a new variant, called B.1.617 in India is very dangerous coronavirus strain is the major concern. India’s double mutant strain (B.1.617) could be considered as a variant of concern responsible for the second wave. There are many efforts to develop antiviral drugs or natural remedies or development of vaccine for SARS-CoV-2. Plants were also used as the best expression platforms for the SARS-CoV-2 antigen production. There are many antiviral drugs have been tested against SARS-CoV-2. Nanotechnology has a potentiality in COVID-19 treatment and vaccine development. Nanotechnology based vaccines are safe, easy to design, synthesize, or scale up in larger volume compared to the traditional vaccine approaches. The production of non-replicating mRNA-lipid nanoparticle based vaccines is one of the major breakthrough and promising in the recent development of the production of vaccines. Lipid nanoparticles are biocompatible due to their lipid properties and not harmful to the human body; hence, they can be selectively applied in the fields such as biomedical science particularly in the development of vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Keywords: Antigen, coronavirus, drugs, mRNA, nanomedicine, lipids, nanoparticles, vaccine
International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology
CORONA/COVID-19- Vaccines Current Scenario2021 •
International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology IJSRST, Pallavi Pogaku, G Renuka, S Ram Reddy
The pandemic COVID -19 caused by novel coronavirus, SARSCoV-2, has infected more than 125 million individuals and resulted in over 2,756,768 deaths globally spread over 219 countries and territories. There has been an intensive search for an effective drug against the virus and the resultant disease. However, till now no single effective drug could be found against SARS-CoV-2. Hence, all research efforts to contain the epidemic are being focussed on effective vaccine development. Here, we review the current scenario of vaccines being developed all over the world and also India to restrict the COVID-19. Advances in genetic sequencing and other technological developments have speeded up the establishment of a variety of vaccine platforms. Most of the platforms mainly based upon the viral spike protein due to its vital role in viral infectivity. Accordingly, numerous vaccines are under various stages of development. Some vaccines like Astra-Geneca, Moderna, Covaxine, and Pfizer are already released for vaccination to general public. Principles, advantages and disadvantages of different vaccine platforms are discussed. Notwithstanding the tall claims made by manufacturers, concerns are expressed especially over the rush, at which the vaccines are developed, and their efficacy and safety. In India, two vaccines viz, covaxin and covishield are released even before finishing the mandatory phase III trials on conditional trial basis. Salient features and differences between these two vaccines are discussed.
COVID-19 virus, SARS-CoV-2 first reported from Wuhan City of Hubei Province of China became pandemic infectious disease of severe respiratory disorder. Globally 17.8 Cr population was effected within a short span of period leading to 38.6 L deaths. Coronoviruses are large enveloped RNA viruses of Coronaviridae. Coronavirus employs a complex gene expression and pathway system unique among RNA viruses. SARA-CoV-2 is reported to mutate and variants reported to have one specific mutation, D614G which is makes to spread faster. WHO is monitoring and assessing the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and notified Variants of Concern (VOCs) and Variants of Interest (VOIs), in order to prioritise the activities globally on containing COVID-19 pandemic. Currently genetic lineages by GISAID, Nextstrain and Pango are in use to code variants detected and being labeled using letters of the Greek Alphabet, i.e., Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta etc. Presently 15 vaccines were developed based on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, of original Wuhan-hu-1 and being administered in different countries. Surveillance and monitoring of the genomic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 is being done on a priority as virus is mutating for development of effective vaccine or therapeutic measures. Only 0.8% of people in low-income countries have received a single dose out of 20.8% of the world population which is a big concern for vulnerable groups.
Vaccines played tremendous role in the treatment and subsequent eradication of once deadly infectious diseases. They are currently at the fore of the regimen for maintenance and optimization of health in our disease infested world. Vaccines work with the body's natural
University of Toronto Medical Journal
Early trial results of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: a review2020 •
Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) initially emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The virus causes the disease that is termed COVID-19 and has led to a global pandemic. As of October 16, 2020, it has led to more than 39 million cases worldwide and has killed more than 1 million people. Since the posting of the SARS-CoV-2 genome, vaccine development has begun around the world, with Canada placing orders for millions of vaccine doses through advanced purchasing agreements (APA) with major developers. As of July 2020, early human clinical trial results of three vaccine candidates, namely ChAdOx1, Ad5-nCoV, and mRNA-1273, have been published, two of which are included in Canada's APAs. Objective: The aim of this review is to examine and summarize early clinical trial results of the three aforementioned COVID-19 vaccine candidates as of July 20th, 2020. The primary focus of this review will be the methods, procedures, results, and discussions of each published study. Methods: All vaccine candidates undergoing human trials were searched and identified using PubMed through a combination of search terms. Only the most recent human trial report published in peer-reviewed journals between May 15th and July 20th, 2020, was selected for each vaccine candidate. Results and Conclusion: The review concludes that all three vaccine candidates have demonstrated a strong safety profile, as well as a robust immune response in the participants of their respective trials. All three vaccine candidates have shown strong immunogenicity, in terms of receptor-binding domain-specific antibody response and neutralizing antibody response. No serious adverse effects were observed in the three trials and all local or systemic reactions were self-limiting. Both ChAdOx1 and Ad5-nCoV will be moving on to phase 3 clinical trials, with mRNA-1273 moving on to phase 2 trials, before the end of 2020.
COVID-19 cure or perpetual vaccination?
COVID cure or perpetual vaccination?: 30 cheap effective treatments or never-ending ineffective unsafe injections... Scientific proof of the PLANdemic with 2000 peer reviewed published references.2021 •
What is 10x more lethal than COVID-19? Viral covidiocy. 9 out of 10 COVID deaths were vaccinated in the K, Israel, Chile and Argentina, where case fatality rate was 1300% higher for the vaccinated than for the unvaccinated, plus a higher 40% contagion rate (5% if unvaccinated): the opposite of the narrative. The USA, also showed worse outcomes for the vaccinated than the unvaxxed. COVID waves seem to have receded due to the increase of herd immunity of the recovered, both vaccinated and unvaccinated. In the USA and Europe, 5 million adverse reactions and 70 thousand deaths were reported linked to COVID vaccines. Informed consent forms can’t protect COVID-19 vaccine manufacturers against legal actions, even under immunity by law, not only because they are not really “vaccines” but gene hacks to produce the S1 spike protein (or parts), nor because some or all the elements are secret, un-disclosed or hidden, but especially, because the cure had been found, voiding Emergency Use Authorization (EUA): if you get COVID, especially if vaccinated, follow this successful evidence-based treatment: https://covid19criticalcare.com/covid-19-protocols/ ( translations: https://covid19criticalcare.com/covid-19-protocols/translations/ ). Yet, there are many other options in this document. This research is not “anti-vaccine”, but pro-sane-vaccines. Unlike insane vaccines, it stands for evidence based medicine, i.e. scientifically proven safe and effective treatments. 500 scientific citations prove a systemic bias against cheap effective cures and towards unethical, ineffective and/or unsafe vaccines. Among dozens of effective treatments here reviewed, ivermectin is the best mass cure for COVID-19 variants. It had been scientifically proven beyond any reasonable doubt by May 2020, yet, instead of informing the public about the amazing results and going back to normal, there was a global scheme to block lifesaving information and promote lock downs, masks, restrictions, experimental vaccines and passports. 1 million dollars of ivermectin would end the pandemic compared to 160 thousand million dollars PER YEAR to keep a perpetual endemic disease, with vaccines always chasing new variants in a never ending lucrative arms race. It is not a matter of unsettled science: there are more RCT studies than for any other standard-of-care treatment. An insane “war on bugs” by legal drug cartels? It was an un-treatment pandemic designed to push vaccines and expensive monoclonal antibodies as the only option. The pandemic proved that there is neither quality control nor pharmacovigilance in any country of the world, especially the USA. In spite of more deaths linked to COVID vaccines than all deaths reported since 1990 from all vaccines, there was no real follow up of cases, no studies about subclinical side effects like myocarditis and thrombosis, no interest in public health: Deaths after vaccination (USA, openVAERS.com) With COVID vaccines, Governments have turned a medical act into an administrative mandate. Yet, practically no medical association protested against this violation of the right of the physician to practice medicine, i.e. a customized treatment according to the best knowledge/possibilities. Human rights continue to be systematically violated: to life, to informed consent, to fertility, to ethical treatments (where benefits are higher than harms), to healthcare (instead of sickening-care), to treatments for vaccine injuries, to compensation for injuries and death, to privacy (passes), to freedom (to work, move, assemble, worship), etc. This research presents strong scientific evidence for a planned global genocide: MAY A PERSON : WITH COVID VACCINATION WITH EFFECTIVE TREATMENT AVOID GETTING SICK FROM COVID? 🗴 No ✓ Yes AVOID INFECTING OTHERS? 🗴 No ✓ Yes AVOID HOSPITALIZATION? 🗴 No ✓ Yes AVOID DYING FROM COVID? 🗴 No ✓ Yes AVOID SIDE-EFFECTS LIKE INFERTILITY, MISCARRIAGE, DISABILITY OR DEATH? 🗴 No ✓ Yes GET HEALTHCARE OR MANUFACTURER LIABILITY FOR INJURIES, DEATH OR NEGLIGENCE? 🗴 No ✓ Yes HELP PROTECT OTHERS? 🗴 No ✓ Yes HELP REDUCE THE SATURATION OF THE HEALTH SYSTEM? 🗴 No ✓ Yes GENERATE HERD IMMUNITY? 🗴 No ✓ Yes HELP TO END THE PANDEMIC? 🗴 No ✓ Yes REDUCE THE GENERATION AND SPREAD OF VARIANTS? 🗴 No ✓ Yes AVOID COOPERATION WITH VACCINES PRODUCED WITH ABORTION CELL LINES? 🗴 No ✓ Yes GIVE INFORMED CONSENT WITH A PACKAGE INSERT LISTING ALL THE INGREDIENTS? 🗴 No ✓ Yes AVOID UNDISCLOSED GENE-HACKING, NANO-TAMPERING AND BLUETOOTH CHIP? 🗴 No ✓ Yes From the systematic genocide of abortion, they moved on to the 7 COVID genocides: 1. Engineering and releasing of the infertilizing, handicapping and lethal virus. 2. Maximizing spread (delaying alerts with open borders, forbidding open air activities, cloth masks, lock downs, vaccination). 3. Lethal recommendations (the above plus banning autopsies, pre-term delivery/c-sections, mother-baby separation). 4. Censoring, defunding and persecuting effective treatments. 5. Unneeded deadly treatments (ventilation, Remdesivir). 6. Infertilizing, handicapping and lethal vaccines and haccines (especially during pregnancy, breastfeeding and childhood). 7. Magnetoxic attacks: graphenation of haccines, food and beverages, EMF blasts from satellites, towers and phones, etc. The genocidal trend didn’t change, only the target population. Same serial killers, different weapons. Hosea 4:6 “My people are dying for lack of knowledge...”
Golden Meteorite Press
From Knowledge to NeedleInternational Journal of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology
A Review on the Contemporary Status of Mutating Coronavirus and Comparative Literature Study of Current COVID-19 Vaccines2021 •
Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine
COVID-19 Vaccine in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A True Operation Warp Speed2021 •
2021 •
COVID-19 PANDEMIC. UGANDA IN BRACKETS
COVID-19 PANDEMIC. UGANDA IN BRACKETS2021 •
2021 •
Academia Letters
Spotlight on Covid-19 using Mathematical Modeling and Simulation2021 •
International Journal of Health Sciences and Pharmacy (IJHSP)
An Overview of Drugs Used in COVID-19: A Pharmacotherapeutic Approach2021 •
Scientific Reports
Preclinical efficacy and safety analysis of gamma-irradiated inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates2021 •
2021 •
EPRA International Journal of Research and Development
AVAILABLE COVID-19 VACCINES FOR PUBLIC AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS: A CASE STUDY2021 •
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal
Understanding and Dealing the SARS-CoV-2 Infection: An Updated Concise Review2021 •
https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR_Vol.7_Issue.12_Dec2020/Abstract_IJRR002.html
COVID-19 Vaccine: Is The Future Near Yet?Academia Letters
Natural Herd Immunity and CoViD-19 Pandemic: A Peripheral Observation in Southeast Nigeria2021 •
MDPI Molecules
EGCG, a Green Tea Catechin, as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Symptomatic and Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection2021 •
Journal of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology
COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Pre-Solid-Organ TransplantationFrontiers in Molecular Biosciences
A Revisit to the Research Updates of Drugs, Vaccines, and Bioinformatics Approaches in Combating COVID-19 Pandemic2021 •
Anaesthesia & Critical Care Medicine Journal
Can we Stem the Covid-19 Pandemic: Shaping the Future2020 •
International Journal of Pathogen Research
SARS-CoV-2 Recombinant Spike Protein-based Vaccine: A Promising Candidate against the Recent Imperial Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews
COVID-19 vaccine induced rhabdomyolysis: Case report with literature review2021 •
2019 •
International Journal of Current Research and Review
An Overview of Immunological Response, Anti-Viral Therapy and Vaccine Development Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS- CoV)-22021 •