Pregnancy Outcomes in SARS-CoV-2-Positive Patients: A 20-Month Retrospective Analysis of Delivery Cases
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Population
2.2. Outcome Measures
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. COVID-19 Symptoms in SARS-CoV-2-positive Women
3.2. Maternal Characteristics
3.3. Laboratory Findings in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients
3.4. Management of COVID-19 Disease
3.5. Pregnancy Outcomes
4. Discussions
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Patient Characteristics | SARS-CoV-2-Positive Patients | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Unvaccinated | Vaccinated | |||
Symptoms + | Symptoms + | Symptoms − | p-Value (b),(c) | |
Variable (a),(b),(c) | N = 62 | N = 12 | N = 23 | |
Maternal age [years] (a),(b) | 29.90 ± 5.51 | 27.83 ± 3.38 | 27.61 ± 4.28 | 0.077 |
30 (26–35) | 26.5 (25–30) | 27 (25–30) | ||
Hospitalization days (b) | 7 (5–13) | 9 (6–10.5) | 5 (4–7) | 0.032 * |
(d) COVID-19 symptoms vs. non-symptoms, p = 0.014 * | ||||
Rural area (c) | 24 (38.7%) | 6 (50%) | 7 (30.4%) | 0.531 |
Gesta (b) | 2 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–3) | 0.376 |
Para (b) | 2 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 0.458 |
Smoker (c) | 11 (17.7%) | 5 (41.7%) | 6 (26.1%) | 0.195 |
Initial weight (b) | 59.5 (55–65) | 63 (60.5–70.5) | 63 (60.5–67) | 0.039 * |
(d) vaccinated vs. unvaccinated, p = 0.011 * | ||||
(d) COVID-19 symptoms vs. non-symptoms among vaccinated, p = 0.824 | ||||
Admission weight (b) | 70 (65–78) | 74 (69–80.5) | 74 (70–78) | 0.217 |
Weight gain in pregnancy (b) | 11.5 (8–14) | 9 (8–12) | 11 (8.5–12) | 0.339 |
BMI (b) | 22.46 (21.05–23.77) 2 missing values | 24.76 (22.36–25.68) | 23.95 (22.46–25.13) | 0.012 * |
(d) vaccinated vs. unvaccinated, p = 0.004 ** | ||||
(d) COVID-19 symptoms vs. non-symptoms among vaccinated, p = 0.482 |
Comorbidities and Treatments | SARS-CoV-2-Positive Patients | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Unvaccinated | Vaccinated | |||
Symptoms + | Symptoms + | Symptoms − | p-Value (a) | |
Variable (a) | N = 62 | N = 12 | N = 23 | |
Presence of at least one comorbidity (a) | 38 (61.2%) | 7 (58.3%) | 17 (73.9%) | 0.517 |
Thyroid disease (a) | 4 (6.5%) | − | 2 (8.7%) | 0.726 |
Thrombophilia (a) | 2 (3.2%) | − | 1 (4.3%) | >0.999 |
Anemia (a) | 31 (50.0%) | 7 (75%) | 15 (65.2%) | 0.178 |
Gestational diabetes (a) | 5 (8.1%) | 1 (8.3%) | − | 0.433 |
Pregnancy hypertension (a) | 9 (14.5%) | − | − | − |
Renal disease (a) | − | − | 1 (4.3%) | − |
Chronic hypertension (a) | − | − | 1 (4.3%) | − |
Cardiac disease (a) | − | − | 1 (4.3%) | − |
Iron supplements (a) | 17 (27.4%) | − | 4 (17.4%) | 0.095 |
Vaginal progesterone (a) | 13 (21%) | − | 13 (13%) | 0.172 |
Vitamin supplements (a) | 18 (29%) | 2 (16.7%) | 10 (43.5%) | 0.260 |
Aspirin (a) | 2 (3.2%) | − | − | − |
Investigations | SARS-CoV-2-Positive Patients | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Unvaccinated | Vaccinated | |||
Symptoms + | Symptoms + | Symptoms − | p-Value (a), | |
Variable (a) | N = 62 | N = 12 | N = 23 | |
Leucocytes (a) | n = 62 | n = 11 | n = 22 | 0.691 |
9.300 (7.570–12.500) | 9.500 (8.550–11.390) | 10.650 (9.100–11.700) | ||
Thrombocytes (a) | n = 62 | n = 11 | n = 22 | 0.649 |
215,000 (172,000–269,000) | 236,000 (189,500–266,000) | 213,500.50 (187,000–240,000) | ||
PCR (a) | n = 50 | n = 11 | n = 17 | 0.005 ** |
14.15 (8.90–69.80) | 44.00 (18.80–73.60) | 8.90 (6.80–14.60) | ||
D-Dimer (a) | n = 38 | n = 10 | n = 9 | 0.386 |
915.50 (450.00–1361.00) | 851.50 (497.00–1125.00) | 525.00 (394.00–1013.00) |
COVID-19-Related Complications | SARS-CoV-2-Positive Patients | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Not vaccinated | Vaccinated | |||
Symptoms + | Symptoms + | Symptoms − | p-Value (a) | |
Variable (a) | N = 62 | N = 12 | N = 23 | |
High flow oxygen therapy (a) | 7 (11.3%) | 1 (8.3%) | − | 0.236 |
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (a) | 2 (3.2%) | − | − | 0.690 |
ICU transfer (a) | 12 (19.4%) | 1 (16.7%) | − | 0.070 |
Endo-tracheal Intubation days (a) | − | |||
2 days | 1 (1.6%) | − | − | |
8 days | 1 (1.6%) | − | − | |
15 days | 2 (3.2%) | − | − | |
25 days | 1 (1.6%) | − | − | |
28 days | 1 (1.6%) | − | − | |
29 days | 1 (1.6%) | − | − |
Delivery and Newborn | SARS-CoV-2-Positive Patients | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Not Vaccinated | Vaccinated | |||
Symptoms + | Symptoms + | Symptoms − | p-Value (a),(b) | |
Variable (a),(b) | N = 62 | N = 12 | N = 23 | |
Gestational age at delivery (a) | 38 (36–40) | 38.5 (34–39.5) | 39 (38–39.5) | 0.747 |
Prematurity (b) | 16 (25.8%) | 4 (33.3%) | 5(21.7%) | 0.886 |
<28 weeks (b) | 2 (3%) | − | − | |
28–32 weeks (b) | 7 (11.3%) | 1 (8.3%) | 3 (13%) | |
32–37 weeks (b) | 7 (11.3%) | 3 (25%) | 2 (8.69%) | |
Term delivery (b) | 46(74.1%) | 8 (66.6%) | 18 (78.2%) | |
Gender F (b) | 33 (53.2%) | 5 (41.7%) | 10 (43.5%) | 0.615 |
Maternal death (b) | 5 (8.1%) | − | − | − |
IUFD (b) | 3 (4%) | − | − | − |
C-section (b) | 40 (64.5%) | 10 (83.3%) | 15 (65.2%) | 0.481 |
Emergency C−section due to COVID-19 complications | 15 (28.8%) | 1 (8.3%) | − | 0.007 ** |
Newborn COVID-19 (b) | 2 (2.32%) | − | − | − |
Birth weight [g] (a) | 3150 (2610–3380) | 3495 (2590–3670) | 3310 (2750–3600) | 0.285 |
5 min Apgar Index (a) | 9 (8–9) for 61 newborns 1 missing value | 8 (7–9) | 8 (8–9) | 0.438 |
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Moza, A.; Bernad, E.S.; Lungeanu, D.; Craina, M.; Bernad, B.C.; Hogea, L.; Paul, C.; Muresan, C.; Nitu, R.; Iacob, D. Pregnancy Outcomes in SARS-CoV-2-Positive Patients: A 20-Month Retrospective Analysis of Delivery Cases. Medicina 2023, 59, 341. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59020341
Moza A, Bernad ES, Lungeanu D, Craina M, Bernad BC, Hogea L, Paul C, Muresan C, Nitu R, Iacob D. Pregnancy Outcomes in SARS-CoV-2-Positive Patients: A 20-Month Retrospective Analysis of Delivery Cases. Medicina. 2023; 59(2):341. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59020341
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoza, Andreea, Elena S. Bernad, Diana Lungeanu, Marius Craina, Brenda C. Bernad, Lavinia Hogea, Corina Paul, Cezara Muresan, Razvan Nitu, and Daniela Iacob. 2023. "Pregnancy Outcomes in SARS-CoV-2-Positive Patients: A 20-Month Retrospective Analysis of Delivery Cases" Medicina 59, no. 2: 341. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59020341