COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Complications: An Updated Review

Authors

  • Januar Wibawa Martha Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Hasan Sadikin, Bandung, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.7235

Keywords:

COVID-19, Cardiovascular complications, Vaccination, Heart failure, Myocardial injury

Abstract

COVID-19 has become a global pandemic. Patients with pre-existing comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are associated with greater severity and higher mortality. COVID-19 can cause cardiovascular complications, including myocardial injury, myocarditis, heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, and coagulation abnormalities. Possible pathophysiology and molecular pathways driving these disease processes are cytokine release syndrome, RAAS system dysregulation, plaque destabilization and coagulation disorders  Myocarditis is one concern among persons who received mRNA-Based COVID-19 vaccines. There are several cardiovascular complications that are possibly caused by COVID-19 treatments, such as QT interval prolongation, arrhythmia, and hypotension. Due to increasingly recognized CVD damage in COVID-19, we need to understand about COVID-19 related to cardiovascular complications and treatment strategies.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Plum Analytics Artifact Widget Block

References

Mahalmani VM, Mahendru D, Semwal A, Kaur S, Kaur H, Sarma P, et al. COVID-19 pandemic: A review based on current evidence. Indian J Pharmacol. 2020;52(2):117-29. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.ijp_310_20 PMid:32565599 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/ijp.IJP_310_20

Kang Y, Chen T, Mui D, Ferrari V, Jagasia D, Scherrer-Crosbie M, Chen Y, et al. Cardiovascular manifestations and treatment considerations in COVID-19. Heart. 2020;106(15):1132-41. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317056 PMid:32354800 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317056

Abu Mouch S, Roguin A, Hellou E, Ishai A, Shoshan U, Mahamid L, et al. Myocarditis following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. Vaccine. 2021;39(29):3790-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.087 PMid:34092429 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.087

Bozkurt B, Kamat I, Hotez PJ. Myocarditis with COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines. Circulation. 2021;144(6):471-84. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.121.056135 PMid:34281357 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056135

Lim MA, Huang I, Yonas E, Vania R, Pranata R. A wave of noncommunicable diseases following the COVID-19 pandemic. Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev. 2020;14(5):979-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.050 PMid:32610263 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.050

Pranata R, Lim MA, Yonas E, Siswanto BB, Meyer M. Outof-hospital cardiac arrest prognosis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Intern Emerg Med. 2020;15(5):875-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-020-02428-7 PMid:32647947 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-020-02428-7

Pranata R, Huang I, Lim MA, Wahjoepramono EJ, July J. Impact of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases on mortality and severity of COVID-19-systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2020;29(8):104949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104949 PMid:32410807 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104949

Pranata R, Lim MA, Yonas E, Vania R, Lukito AA, et al. Body mass index and outcome in patients with COVID-19: A doseresponse meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab. 2021;47:101178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabet.2020.07.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabet.2020.07.005

Pranata R, Lim MA, Huang I, Raharjo SB, Lukito AA. Hypertension is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. J Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2020;21:147032032092689. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470320320926899 PMid:32408793 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1470320320926899

Pranata R, Henrina J, Raffaello WM, Lawrensia S, Huang I. Diabetes and COVID-19: The past, the present, and the future. Metabolism. 2021;121:154814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154814 PMid:34119537 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154814

Pranata R, Supriyadi R, Huang I, Permana H, Lim MA, et al. The association between chronic kidney disease and new onset renal replacement therapy on the outcome of COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis. Clin Med Insights Circ Respir Pulm Med. 2020;14:1179548420959165. https://doi.org/10.1177/1179548420959165 PMid:32994700 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1179548420959165

Huang I, Lim MA, Pranata R. Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia a systematic review, meta-analysis, and metaregression: Diabetes and COVID-19. Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev. 2020;14(4):395-403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.018 PMid:32334395 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.018

Pranata R, Henrina J, Lim MA, Lawrensia S, Yonas E, Vania R, et al. Clinical frailty scale and mortality in COVID-19: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis: Clinical frailty scale in COVID-19. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2021;93:104324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2020.104324 PMid:33352430 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2020.104324

Pranata R, Huang I, Lim MA, Yonas E, Vania R, et al. Delirium and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2021;95:104388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2021.104388 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2021.104388

July J, Pranata R. Prevalence of dementia and its impact on mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2021;21:172-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.14107 PMid:33340212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.14107

Pranata R, Lim MA, Huang I, Yonas E, Henrina J, Vania R, et al. Visceral adiposity, subcutaneous adiposity, and severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): Systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021;43:163-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.04.001 PMid:34024509 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.04.001

Akbar MR, Wibowo A, Pranata R, Setiabudiawan B. Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (Vitamin D) level is associated with susceptibility to COVID-19, severity, and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr. 201;8:660420. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.660420 PMid:33855042 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.660420

Pranata R, Soeroto AY, Huang I, Lim MA, Santoso P, Permana H, et al. Effect of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and smoking on the outcome of COVID-19. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2020;24(8):838-43. https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.20.0278 PMid:32912389 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.20.0278

Kuswardhani RA, Henrina J, Pranata R, Lim MA, Lawrensia S, Suastika K. Charlson comorbidity index and a composite of poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev. 2020;14:2103-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.10.022 PMid:33161221 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.10.022

Lim MA, Pranata R. The Danger of sedentary lifestyle in diabetic and obese people during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes. 2020;13:1179551420964487. https://doi.org/10.1177/1179551420964487 PMid:33149717 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1179551420964487

Pranata R, Huang I, Raharjo SB. Incidence and impact of cardiac arrhythmias in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2020;20:193-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipej.2020.08.001 PMid:32814094 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipej.2020.08.001

Wibowo A, Pranata R, Astuti A, Tiksnadi BB, Martanto E, et al. Left and right ventricular longitudinal strains are associated with poor outcome in COVID-19: A systematic review and metaanalysis. J Intensive Care. 2021;9(1):9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40560-020-00519-3 PMid:33436101 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40560-020-00519-3

Santoso A, Pranata R, Wibowo A, Al-Farabi MJ, Huang I, Antariksa B. Cardiac injury is associated with mortality and critically ill pneumonia in COVID-19: A meta-analysis. Am J Emerg Med. 2021;44:352-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.052 PMid:32331955 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.052

Martha JW, Pranata R, Wibowo A, Lim MA. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) measured by echocardiography and mortality in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2021;105:351-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.029 PMid:33582370 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.029

Pranata R, Huang I, Lukito AA, Raharjo SB. Elevated N-Terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide is associated with increased mortality in patients with COVID-19: Systematic review and meta-Analysis. Postgrad Med J. 2020;96(1137):387-91. https://doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-137884 PMid:32434874 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-137884

Akbar MR, Pranata R, Wibowo A, Lim MA, Sihite TA, Martha JW. The prognostic value of elevated creatine kinase to predict poor outcome in patients with COVID-19 a systematic review and meta-analysis: Creatinine Kinase in COVID-19. Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev. 2021;15(2):529-34. PMid:33668003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2021.02.012

Wibowo A, Pranata R, Akbar MR, Purnomowati A, Martha JW. Prognostic performance of troponin in COVID-19: A diagnostic meta-analysis and meta-regression. Int J Infect Dis. 2021;105:312-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.113 PMid:33667694 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.113

Basu-Ray I, Almaddah NK, Adeboye A, Soos MP. Cardiac Manifestations Of Coronavirus (COVID-19). Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls; 2021.

Petrovic V, Radenkovic D, Radenkovic G, Djordjevic V, Banach M. Pathophysiology of cardiovascular complications in COVID-19. Front Physiol. 2020;11:575600. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.575600 PMid:33162899 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.575600

Filipiak KJ. COVID-19 complications new types of cardiovascular disease in 2021? A few comments on: COVID-19, post-COVID syndrome and the LONG COVID syndrome. Folia Cardiol. 2021;16:71-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5603/FC.2021.0010

Agricola E, Beneduce A, Esposito A, Ingallina G, Palumbo D, Palmisano A, et al. Heart and lung multimodality imaging in COVID-19. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2020;13(8):1792-808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.05.017 PMid:32762885 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.05.017

Hulot JS. COVID-19 in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2020;113(4):225-6. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.acvd.2020.03.009 PMid:32245656 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acvd.2020.03.009

Yonas E, Alwi I, Pranata R, Huang I, Lim MA, Yamin M, et al. Elevated interleukin levels are associated with higher severity and mortality in COVID 19 a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev. 2020;14(6):2219-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.11.011 PMid:33395783 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.11.011

Huang I, Pranata R, Lim MA, Oehadian A, Alisjahbana B. C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, D-dimer, and ferritin in severe coronavirus disease-2019: A meta-analysis. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2020;4:1753466620937175. https://doi.org/10.1177/1753466620937175 PMid:32615866 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1753466620937175

Pranata R, Yonas E, Huang I, Lim MA, Nasution SA, Aman S, et al. Fibrosis-4 index and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;19:2091. https://doi.org/10.1097/meg.0000000000002091. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MEG.0000000000002091

Udomsinprasert W, Jittikoon J, Sangroongruangsri S. Circulating levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10, but not tumor necrosis factor-alpha, as potential biomarkers of severity and mortality for COVID-19: Systematic review with meta-analysis. J Clin Immunol. 2021;41(1):11-22. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-020-00899-z PMid:33128665 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-020-00899-z

Pranata R, Permana H, Huang I, Lim MA, Soetedjo NN, Supriyadi R, et al. The use of renin angiotensin system inhibitor on mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev. 2020;14(5):983-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.047

Lukito AA, Pranata R, Henrina J, Lim MA, Lawrensia S, Suastika K. The effect of metformin consumption on mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev. 2020;14(6):2177-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.11.006 PMid:33395778 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.11.006

Lim MA, Pranata R, Huang I, Yonas E, Soeroto AY, Supriyadi R. Multiorgan failure with emphasis on acute kidney injury and severity of COVID-19: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Can J Kidney Health Dis. 2020;7:2054358120938573. https://doi.org/10.1177/2054358120938573 PMid:32685180 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2054358120938573

July J, Pranata R. Impact of the coronavirus disease pandemic on the number of strokes and mechanical thrombectomies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2020;29(11):105185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105185 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105185

Zein AF, Sulistiyana CS, Khasanah U, Wibowo A, Lim MA, Pranata R. Statin and mortality in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of pooled adjusted effect estimates from propensity-matched cohorts. Postgrad Med J. 2021;2021:140409. 10.1136/postgradmedj-2021-140409 PMid:34193549 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2021-140409

Pranata R, Lim MA, Yonas E, Huang I, Nasution SA, Setiati S, et al. Thrombocytopenia as a prognostic marker in COVID-19 patients: Diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis. Epidemiol Infect. 2021;149:e40. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268821000236 PMid:33509306 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268821000236

Wibowo A, Pranata R, Lim MA, Akbar MR, Martha JW. Endotheliopathy marked by high von willebrand factor (vWF) antigen in COVID-19 is associated with poor outcome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2021;2021:540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.06.051. PMid:34192577 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.06.051

Siripanthong B, Nazarian S, Muser D, Deo R, Santangeli P, Khanji M, et al. Recognizing COVID-19-related myocarditis: The possible pathophysiology and proposed guideline for diagnosis and management. Hear Rhythm. 2020;17:1463-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.05.001 PMid:32387246 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.05.001

Caforio AL, Pankuweit S, Arbustini E, Basso C, Gimeno-Blanes J, Felix SB, et al. Current state of knowledge on aetiology, diagnosis, management, and therapy of myocarditis: A position statement of the European society of cardiology working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(33):2636-48. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/eht210 PMid:23824828 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/eht210

Yonas E, Alwi I, Pranata R, Huang I, Lim MA, Gutierrez EJ, et al. Effect of heart failure on the outcome of COVID-19 a meta analysis and systematic review. Am J Emerg Med. 2021;46:204-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.07.009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.07.009

Raffaello WM, Huang I, Siswanto BB, Pranata R. In-depth review of cardiopulmonary support in COVID-19 patients with heart failure. World J Cardiol. 2021;13(8):298-308. https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v13.i8.298 PMid:34589166 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v13.i8.298

Martha JW, Pranata R, Lim MA, Wibowo A, Akbar MR. Active prescription of low-dose aspirin during or prior to hospitalization and mortality in COVID-19: A systematic review and metaanalysis of adjusted effect estimates. Int J Infect Dis. 2021;108:6-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.05.016 PMid:34000418 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.05.016

Naksuk N, Lazar S, Peeraphatdit TB. Cardiac safety of off-label COVID-19 drug therapy: A review and proposed monitoring protocol. Eur Hear journal Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2020;9(3):215-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2048872620922784 PMid:32372695 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2048872620922784

Birkhoelzer SM, Cowan E, Guha K. COVID-19: Treatments and the potential for cardiotoxicity. Br J Cardiol. 2021;28:7-10. https://doi.org/10.5837/bjc.2021.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5837/bjc.2021.007

Montgomery J, Ryan M, Engler R, Hoffman D, McClenathan B, Collins L, et al. Myocarditis following immunization with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in members of the US military. JAMA Cardiol. 2021;29:e212833. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2021.2833 PMid:34185045 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2021.2833

Downloads

Published

2021-11-12

How to Cite

1.
Martha JW. COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Complications: An Updated Review. Open Access Maced J Med Sci [Internet]. 2021 Nov. 12 [cited 2024 Mar. 29];9(F):712-9. Available from: https://oamjms.eu/index.php/mjms/article/view/7235

Issue

Section

Narrative Review Article

Categories