"Does anyone even notice us?" COVID-19’s impact on academics’ well-being in a developing country

Keywords: COVID-19, academic well-being, higher education, online teaching

Abstract

In March 2020, the President of South African announced that the nation would go into full lockdown in the wake of an increase in COVID-19 infections. Academics had, in some instances, only one day to prepare for “emergency remote teaching”. Few academics had taught online before, as South Africa’s internet connectivity is not guaranteed in underprivileged areas, where 80 per cent of the population reside. The online move thus necessitated an entirely novel pedagogy for most academics, with high potential for an escalation of work-related stress and related illness, outcomes we have related in the wider sphere of workplace readjustment during COVID-19, to a state of “pandemia”. In this article, we report on an institutional case study where we surveyed n=136 academics from a university in the Western Cape, South Africa to learn more about impacts of COVID-19 on their work. The data analysis adopts Ryff’s (1995) theory of well-being. Findings indicate that the enforced lockdown due to COVID-19 and the subsequent move to online teaching has had a negative impact on academics’ sense of well-being. However, the emergence of positive, caring relationships between colleagues is reported as a significant outcome of the COVID-19 enforced move to online teaching.

Author Biographies

J. Hardman, University of Cape Town

Associate Professor, School of Education, UCT

R. Watermeyer, School of Education, University of Bristol.

Professor of Higher Education and Co-Director of the Centre for Higher Education Transformations (CHET).

K. Shankar, University College Dublin

Professor of Communication and Information Studies

School of Information and Communication Studies

V. Ratnadeep Suri, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology

Associate Professor

T. Crick, Swansea University

School of Social Sciences

Professor of Digital Education and Policy.

K. Knight, Swansea University

Doctor

School of Social Sciences

F. McGaughey, University of Western Australia

Doctor

Senior Lecturer, Law School

R. Chung, Chinese University of Hong Kong

Assistant Professor

School of Public Health and Primary Care

References

Andersen, J. P., M. W. Nielsen, N. L. Simone, R. Lewiss, and R. Jagsi. 2020. “Meta-research: COVID-19 medical papers have fewer women first authors than expected.” https://arxiv.org/ ftp/arxiv/papers/2005/2005.06.

Babore A. 2020. “Psychological effects of the COVID-2019 pandemic: Perceived stress and coping strategies among healthcare professionals.” Psychiatry Research 293: 113366.

Bozalek, V., M. Zembylas, and J. C. Tronto. (Ed.). 2020. Posthuman and political care ethics for reconfiguring higher education pedagogies. Routledge.

Breetzke, G. and D. Hedding. 2016. “The changing racial profile of academic staff at South African Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), 2005–2013.” Africa Education Review 13(2): 147‒164.

Burzynska, K. and G. Contreras. 2020. “Gendered effects of school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic.” The Lancet 395(10242).

Cai, W. 2020. “A cross-sectional study on mental health among health care workers during the outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019.” Asian Journal of Psychiatry 51: 102111.

Cini, L. 2019. “Disrupting the neoliberal university in South Africa: The# FeesMustFall movement in 2015.” Current Sociology 67(7): 942‒959.

Corbera, E., I. Anguelovski, J. Honey-Rosés, and L. Ruiz-Mallén. 2020. “Academia in the Time of COVID-19: Towards an Ethics of Care, Planning.” Theory & Practice 21(2): 191‒199.

De Kock, J. H., H. A. Latham, and S. J. Leslie. 2021. “A rapid review of the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of healthcare workers: Implications for supporting psychological well-being.” BMC Public Health 21.

Fataar, A. 2018. “Decolonising Education in South Africa: Perspectives and Debates.” Educational Research for Social Change (ERSC) Volume: 7 Special Issue June 2018: vi‒ix.

Francis, S. 2021. “White Line Managers and Black Labour: Ticking the Boxes of Decolonisation in a Teaching and Learning Unit of a ‘First Class’ University in South Africa.” Alternation Special Edition 33: 364‒394.

Francis, S. and J. Hardman. 2018. “#Rhodesmustfall: Using social mediation to ‘decolonise’ learning spaces for South African Higher education institutions: A cultural-historical activity theory approach.” South African Journal of Higher Education 32(4): 66‒80.

Gabster, B. P., K. van Daalen, R. Dhatt, and M. Barry. 2020. “Challenges for the female academic during the COVID-19 pandemic.” The Lancet 395(10242): 1968‒1969.

Gilligan, C. 1993. In a different voice: Psychological theory and women’s development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

GSMA. 2020. The mobile economy: Sub-Saharan Africa 2020. Report.

Guy, B. and B. Arthur. 2020. “Academic motherhood during COVID-19: Navigating our dual roles as educators and mothers.” Gender, Work and Organization 27(5): 887‒899.

Hall, M. 2009. “Transgressive partnerships: Community engagement in a South African university.” Gateways: International Journal of Community Research and Engagement 2: 1–17.

Hardman, J. 2020. “Into the abyss: Online teaching/learning in a pandemic.” Mail and Guardian 4 May: 31. Cape Town.

Hardman, J. 2021. “Vygotsky’s decolonial pedagogical legacy in the 21st century: Back to the future.” Mind, Culture, and Activity 28(3): 219‒233.

Harmse, L. 2014. “South Africa’s Gini coefficient: Causes, consequences and possible responses.” Doctoral dissertation, University of Pretoria.

Hidaka, B. 2012. Depression as a disease of modernity: Explanations for increasing prevalence. Journal Affect Disorders 140(3): 205–214.

Hlophe, W. 2015. “HLOPHE: Rhodes must fall everywhere.” Yale News. http://yaledailynews.com/blog/2015/04/01/rhodes-must-fall-everywhere/.

Jessen, J. and S. Waights. 2020. “Effects of COVID-19 day care centre closures on parental time use: Evidence from Germany.” https://voxeu.org/article/covid-19-day-care-centre-closures-and-parental-time-use.

Jung, H. 2020. “COVID-19 stay-at-home orders worsen academic scientists’ home life: Women experience more difficulties.” SciOPS May 2020.

Kamanzi, B. 2015. “‘Rhodes Must Fall’ – Decolonisation symbolism – What is happening at UCT, South Africa?” The Postcolonialist. http://postcolonialist.com/civil-discourse/rhodes-must-fall-decolonisation-symbolism-happening-uct-south-africa/.

King, M. M. and M. E. Frederickson. 2021. “The Pandemic Penalty: The gendered effects of COVID-19 on scientific productivity.” Socius 7: 23780231211006977.

Koopman, O. and K. J. Koopman. 2021. “The impact of the neoliberal technological epoch and Covid-19 on the decolonization of the university curriculum.” South African Journal of Higher Education 35(1): 127‒142.

Le Grange, L. 2020. Decolonising the university curriculum in Transnational Education and Curriculum Studies. Routledge: London.

Lutter, M. and M. Schröder. 2020. “Is there a motherhood penalty in academia? The gendered effect of children on academic publications in German sociology.” European Sociological Review 36(3): 442‒459.

Marx, K. 1996. Das Kapital. (F. Engels, Ed.). Regnery Publishing.

Masondo, S. 2015. “Rhodes Must Fall campaign gains momentum at UCT.” City Press. http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Rhodes-Must-Fall-campaign-gains-momentum-at-UCT-20150323.

Mbunge, E. 2020. “Effects of COVID-19 in South African health system and society: An explanatory study.” Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews 14(6): 1809‒1814.

McGaughey, F., R. Watermeyer, K. Shankar, S. Ratnadeep, C. Knight, T. Crick, J. Hardman, D. Phelan and R. Chung. 2021. “‘This can’t be the new norm’: Academics’ perspectives on the COVID-19 crisis for the Australian University Sector.” Higher Education Research & Development: 1‒16.

Miller, K. E. 2020. “The ethics of care and academic motherhood amid COVID‐19.” Gender Work Organ 28: 260‒265.

Mugumbate, J. R. and A. Chereni. 2020. “Now, the Theory of Ubuntu Has Its Space in Social Work.” African Journal of Social Work 10(1): 6‒12.

National Institute for Communicable Diseases. 2022. Update of COVID-19 in children and adolescents ≤18 years, South Africa, 1 March 2020 – 15 January 2022. Communicable diseases communique. Vol 1:6-8.

NICD see National Institute for Communicable Diseases.

Parlak, S., O. Celebi Cakiroglu, and F. Oksuz Gul. 2021. “Gender roles during COVID-19 pandemic: The experiences of Turkish female academics.” Gender Work Organization 26: 461‒483.

Phakeng, M. 2015. “The invisibility of African women and the masculinity of power.” South African Journal of Science 111(11/12), Art. #a0126.

Quayson, A. 2012. “The Sighs of History: Postcolonial Debris and the Question of (Literary) History.” New Literary History 43(2): 359‒370.

Ratele, K. 2019. The world looks like this from here: Thoughts on African psychology. Johannesburg: Wits university press

Ryff, C. D. 1995. “Psychological well-being in adult life.” Current Directions in Psychological Science 4: 99–104.

Ryff, C. D. 2014. “Psychological well-being revisited: Advances in the science and practice of eudaimonia.” Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 83(1): 10–28.

Sahu, P. 2020. “Closure of Universities Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Impact on Education and Mental Health of Students and Academic Staff.” Cureus 12(4): e7541. doi:10.7759/cureus.7541.

Tlostanova, M. and W. D. Mignolo. 2005. “Theorizing from the borders: Shifting to geo-and body-politics of knowledge.” European Journal of Social Theory 9(2): 205‒221.

Viglione, G. 2020. “Are women publishing less during the pandemic? Here’s what the data say.” Nature 581: 365‒366.

Ward, K. and L. Wolf‐Wendel. 2016. “Academic motherhood: Mid‐career perspectives and the ideal worker norm.” New Directions for Higher Education 2016(176): 11‒23.

Watermeyer, R., K. Shankar, T. Crick, C. Knight, F. McGaughey, J. Hardman, V. R. Suri, R. Chung, and D. Phelan. 2021a. “‘Pandemia’: A reckoning of UK universities’ corporate response to COVID-19 and its academic fallout.” British Journal of Sociology of Education 42(5‒6): 651‒666.

Watermeyer, R., T. Crick, C. Knight, and J. Goodall. 2021b. “COVID-19 and digital disruption in UK universities: Afflictions and affordances of emergency online migration.” Higher Education 81: 623‒641.

Winkler, H. 2021. Why South Africa’s electricity blackouts are set to continue for the next five years. The conversation. 30 March.

Yildirim, T. M. and H. Eslen‐Ziya. 2020. “The differential impact of COVID‐19 on the work conditions of women and men academics during the lockdown.” Gender Work Organ 28(S1): 691– 697.

Published
2022-03-31
How to Cite
Hardman, J., R. Watermeyer, K. Shankar, V. Ratnadeep Suri, T. Crick, K. Knight, F. McGaughey, and R. Chung. 2022. “"Does Anyone Even Notice us?" COVID-19’s Impact on academics’ Well-Being in a Developing Country”. South African Journal of Higher Education 36 (1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.20853/36-1-4844.
Section
Leading Article