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COVID-19 Pandemisinde Ön Safta Çalışan Hemşirelerin Ruhsal Sağlığının Korunması ve Ruhsal Travmanın Önlenmesi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: Özel Sayı, 1 - 7, 09.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.31125/hunhemsire.775531

Öz

COVID-19’un pek çok ülkede genel popülasyondaki prevalansı, yüksek morbidite ve mortalite oranları alışageldiğimiz baş etme biçimlerini işlevsiz kılarak yeni krize uyum yolları geliştirmeyi gerekli kılmakta ve dünya çapındaki tüm sağlık çalışanları üzerinde daha önce benzeri görülmemiş bir yük oluşturmaktadır. Hemşireler bu pandemi sürecinde 24 saat kesintisiz hizmet sunarak ön safta yer alan sağlık çalışanlarıdır. Hemşireler bu süreçte işlerinin yoğunluğunda bir artış yaşamanın ötesinde, yeni protokollere ve son derece “yeni olan bir normale” uyum sağlamaya çalışmaktadırlar. Hemşireler kişinin sağlık durumunda alışık olduklarından daha hızlı bir bozulmaya tanık olmakta, daha sık yaşam sonu bakım sağlamakta, alışık olduklarından farklı alanlarda ve daha uzun sürelerle ve mola vermeksizin çalışmakta, maske/siperlik gibi koruyucu ekipman yetersizliği ile mücadele etmekte ve hangi hastaya yoğun bakım yatağı verileceği gibi ciddi moral distres yaratan durumlarla baş etmeye çalışmaktadır. Sözü edilen tüm bu faktörler, hemşirelerin yüksek düzeyde stres yaşamasına, ruh sağlığını sürdürme konusunda risklerle karşı karşıya kalmasına yol açmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, hemşirelerin ruhsal sağlığının korunması ve travmanın önlenmesi önem taşımaktadır. Bu makale, COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde ön safta çalışan hemşirelerin ruhsal sağlığını etkileyen durumların, yaşadıkları psikososyal sorunların ortaya konması, hemşirelerin ruh sağlığının korunması ve ruhsal travmanın önlenmesi konusunda alınabilecek önlemlere dikkat çekilmesi amacıyla kaleme alınmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. World Health Organization, Coronavirus Disease Situation Report-119 [Internet]. 2020 [Erişim Tarihi 19 Mayıs 2020]. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200518-covid-19-sitrep-119.pdf?sfvrsn=4bd9de25_4
  • 2. Lau H, Khosrawipour V, Kocbach P, Mikolajczyk A, Ichii H, Schubert J, et al. Internationally lost COVID-19 cases. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection. 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2020.03.013
  • 3. World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) situation dashboard [Internet]. 2020 [Erişim Tarihi 5 Mayıs 2020]. Erişim adresi: https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/685d0
  • 4. Maben J, Bridges J. Covid‐19: Supporting nurses’ psychological and mental health. J Clin Nurs. 2020. doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15307
  • 5. Haresh D, Brown AD. Traumatic stress in the age of COVID-19: A call to close critical gaps and adapt to new realities. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2020;12(4):331–35. doi: 10.1037/tra0000592.
  • 6. Jiang Y. Psychological impact and coping strategies of frontline medical staff in Hunan between January and March 2020 during the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19) in Hubei, China. Med Sci Monit. 2020;26:e924171. doi: 10.12659/MSM.924171.
  • 7. Greenberg N, Docherty M, Gnanapragasam S, Wessely S. Managing mental health challenges faced by healthcare workers during covid-19 pandemic. BMJ. 2020;368:m1211. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m1211.
  • 8. Morley G, Ives J, Bradbury-Jones C, Irvine F. What is ‘moral distress’? A narrative synthesis of the literature. Nurs Ethics. 2019;26(3):646-62. doi: 10.1177/0969733017724354.
  • 9. Huang JZ, Han MF, Luo TD, Ren AK, Zhou XP. Mental health survey of 230 medical staff in a tertiary infectious disease hospital for COVID-19. Chinese journal of industrial hygiene and occupational diseases. 2020. 38: E001-E001. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20200219-00063
  • 10. Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Network Open. 2020;3(3):e203976. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976.
  • 11. Ghasempour M, Purabdollah M. Necessity of Attention to Mental Health of the Front Line Nurses against COVID-19: A Forgotten Requirement. International Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery. 2020. http://ijcbnm.sums.ac.ir/article_46528_1ee7785829ae046c2d3d41573dc2380d.pdf
  • 12. Santarone K, McKenney M, Elkbuli A. Preserving mental health and resilience in frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19. Am J Emerg Med. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.030
  • 13. Ehrlich H, McKenney M, Elkbuli A. Protecting our healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Am J Emerg Med. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.024
  • 14. Roelen CA, van Hoffen MF, Waage S, Schaufeli WB, Twisk JW, Bjorvatn B, et al. Psychosocial work environment and mental health-related long-term sickness absence among nurses. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2018;91(2):195-203. doi.org/10.1007/s00420-017-1268-1
  • 15. Maridor M, Ruch S, Bangerter A, Emery V. Skepticism toward emerging infectious diseases and influenza vaccination intentions in nurses. J Health Commun. 2017;22(5):386-394. doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2017.1296509
  • 16. Yan YE, Turale S, Stone T, Petrini M. Disaster nursing skills, knowledge and attitudes required in earthquake relief: Implications for nursing education. Int Nurs Rev. 2015;62(3):351-359. doi: 10.1111/inr.12175.
  • 17. Cheung T, Fong TK, Bressington D. COVID‐19 under the SARS Cloud: Mental Health Nursing during the Pandemic in Hong Kong. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2020. doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12639
  • 18. Pisa N. Dramatic pic of exhausted coronavirus nurse collapsed on her desk captures Italy’s gruelling battle against killer bug. The Sun. 2020. https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/11139511/coronavirus‐italy‐nurse‐exhausted‐collapsed‐desk/
  • 19. Liu Z, Han B, Jiang R, Huang Y, Ma C, Wen J, et al. Mental health status of doctors and nurses during COVID-19 epidemic in China. 2020. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3551329
  • 20. Liang Y, Chen M, Zheng X, Liu J. Screening for Chinese medical staff mental health by SDS and SAS during the outbreak of COVID-19. J Psychosom Res. 2020;133:110102. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110102.
  • 21. Cole-King A, Dykes L. Wellbeing for HCWs during COVID19 [Internet]. 2020 [Erişim Tarihi 7 Mayıs 2020]. Erişim adresi: https://www.lindadykes.org/covid19
  • 22. Karmakar R. Guidelines for stress management. Psychology and Behavioral Science. 2017;3:https://juniperpublishers.com/pbsij/pdf/PBSIJ.MS.ID.555607.pdf
  • 23. Jun J, Tucker S, Melnyk B. Clinician mental health and well‐being during global healthcare crises: evidence learned from prior epidemics for COVID‐19 Pandemic. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs. 2020. doi: 10.1111/wvn.12439.
  • 24. Wu G, Fang X, Wu L, Lu L, Kan X, Wang H, et al. Analysis on mental health status and needs of health care workers in designated medical institutions of tuberculosis during the epidemic period of COVID-19. 2020. Europe PMC. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-22402/v1
  • 25. Figley CR. Compassion fatigue: Coping with secondary traumatic stres disorder in those who treat the traumatized. New York: Brunner-Mazel; 1995.
  • 26. Figley CR. Compassion fatigue: psychotherapists' chronic lack of self care. J Clin Psychol. 2002;58:1433-41. doi: 10.1002/jclp.10090
  • 27. Hamilton M. Compasssion fatigue: What school counsellors should know about secondary traumatic stres. The Alberta Counsellor. 2008;30(1):9-21.
  • 28. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Tips For Disaster Responders: Preventing and Managing Stress [Internet]. 2020 [Erişim Tarihi 6 Mayıs 2020]. Erişim adresi: https://store.samhsa.gov/product/Preventing-and-Managing-Stress/SMA14-4873
  • 29. van Mol MM, Kompanje EJ, Benoit DD, Bakker J, Nijkamp MD. The prevalence of compassion fatigue and burnout among healthcare professionals in intensive care units: A systematic review. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0136955. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136955
  • 30. American Nurses Association 2019. Fact sheet: Nursing shortage. [Erişim Tarihi: 05 Mayıs 2020]. Erişim adresi: https://www.aacnnursing.org/Portals/42/News/Factsheets/Nursing‐Shortage‐Factsheet.pdf
  • 31. Alharbi J, Jackson D, Usher K. The potential for COVID‐19 to contribute to compassion fatigue in critical care nurses. J Clin Nurs.2020. doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15314
  • 32. Jackson D, Bradbury‐Jones, C, Baptiste, D, Gelling L, Morin K, Neville S, et al. Life in the pandemic: some reflections on nursing in the context of COVID‐19. J Clin Nurs. 2020. doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15257
  • 33. Young Hee Y, Jong Kyung K. A literature review of compassion fatigue in nursing. Korean J Adult Nurs. 2012;24:38-51.
  • 34. Hiçdurmaz D, İnci F. Eşduyum yorgunluğu: Tanımı, nedenleri ve önlenmesi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 2015; 7(3):295-303. doi:10.5455/cap.20141128113430
  • 35. Chen Q, Liang M, Li Y, Guo J, Fei D, Wang, L, et al. Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7:e15-e16. doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30078-X
  • 36. Books C, Coody LC, Kauffman R, Abraham S. Night shift work and its health effects on nurses. Health Care Manag. 2017;36(4):347–353. doi: 10.1097/HCM.0000000000000177
  • 37. Melnyk BM, Orsolini L, Tan A, Arslanian‐Engoren C, Melkus GDE, Dunbar‐jacob J, Rice VH, et al. A national study links nurses’ physical and mental health to medical errors and perceived worksite wellness. J Occup Environ Med. 2018;60(2):126–131. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001198
  • 38. Melnyk BM, Kelly SA, Stephens J, Dhakal K, McGovern, C, Tucker S, et al. Interventions to Improve Mental Health, Well-Being, Physical Health, and Lifestyle Behaviors in Physicians and Nurses: A Systematic Review. Am J Health Promot. 2020. doi.org/10.1177/0890117120920451
  • 39. Sampson M, Melnyk B, Hoying J. The MINDBODYSTRONG Intervention for New Nurse Residents: 6‐Month Effects on Mental Health Outcomes, Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors, and Job Satisfaction. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs. 2019. doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12411
  • 40. Mukhtar PS. Mental Wellbeing of Nursing Staff during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cultural Perspective. J Emerg Nurs. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2020.04.003
  • 41. Dall’Ora C, Ball J, Redfern O, Recio‐Saucedo A, Maruotti A, Meredith P et al. Are long nursing shifts on hospital wards associated with sickness absence? A longitudinal retrospective observational study. J Nurs Manag. 2019;27:19-26. doi: 10.1111/jonm.12643
  • 42. Bridges J, Nicholson C, Maben J, Pope C, Flatley M, Wilkinson C et al. Capacity for care: meta-ethnography of acute care nurses' experiences of the nurse-patient relationship. J Adv Nurs. 2013;69(4):760-72. doi: 10.1111/jan.12050.
  • 43. Groves J. Team Time: Reflecting together on the Covid crisis. Point of Care Foundation blog [Internet]. 2020 [Erişim Tarihi 7 Mayıs 2020]. Erişim adresi: https://www.pointofcarefoundation.org.uk/blog/team-time-reflecting-together-on-the-covid-crisis/
  • 44. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). NIOSH Fact Sheet: The Buddy System [Internet]. 2020 [Erişim Tarihi 7 Mayıs 2020]. Erişim adresi: https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/pdf/buddy-system.pdf
  • 45. Billings J, Kember T, Greene T, Grey N, El-Leithy S, Lee D et al. Guidance for planners of the psychological response to stress experienced by hospital staff associated with COVID: early interventions [Internet]. 2020 [Erişim Tarihi 7 Mayıs 2020]. Erişim adresi: https://www.aomrc.org.uk/wpcontent/uploads/2020/03/Guidance-for-planners-of-the-psychological-response-to-stress-experienced-by-HCWs-COVID-trauma-response-workinggroup.pdf

Protection of COVID-19 Frontline Nurses’ Mental Health and Prevention of Psychological Trauma

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: Özel Sayı, 1 - 7, 09.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.31125/hunhemsire.775531

Öz

The prevalence of COVID-19 in the general population in many countries, high morbidity and mortality rates make it necessary to develop ways of adapting to the new crisis by disabling the usual coping styles, and create an unprecedented burden on all healthcare professionals worldwide. Nurses are healthcare professionals working in the frontline by providing 24-hour care during this pandemic. In this process beyond experiencing an increase in the intensity of their work, nurses try to adapt to new protocols and an extremely “new normal”, witness a faster deterioration in patients’ condition, provide more frequent end-of-life care, work in different areas for longer periods of time without breaks, struggle with insufficient protective equipment such as mask/visor, and try to cope with situations which causes serious moral distress. All of these factors cause nurses to experience high levels of stress and to face mental health risks. In this context, it is important to protect the mental health of nurses and prevent trauma. This article has been written in order to reveal the conditions affecting mental health of nurses working in the front line during COVID-19 pandemic process, mental health problems experienced by the nurses and draw attention to the precautions that can be taken in order to protect mental health of the nurses and to prevent psychological trauma.

Kaynakça

  • 1. World Health Organization, Coronavirus Disease Situation Report-119 [Internet]. 2020 [Erişim Tarihi 19 Mayıs 2020]. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200518-covid-19-sitrep-119.pdf?sfvrsn=4bd9de25_4
  • 2. Lau H, Khosrawipour V, Kocbach P, Mikolajczyk A, Ichii H, Schubert J, et al. Internationally lost COVID-19 cases. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection. 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2020.03.013
  • 3. World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) situation dashboard [Internet]. 2020 [Erişim Tarihi 5 Mayıs 2020]. Erişim adresi: https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/685d0
  • 4. Maben J, Bridges J. Covid‐19: Supporting nurses’ psychological and mental health. J Clin Nurs. 2020. doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15307
  • 5. Haresh D, Brown AD. Traumatic stress in the age of COVID-19: A call to close critical gaps and adapt to new realities. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2020;12(4):331–35. doi: 10.1037/tra0000592.
  • 6. Jiang Y. Psychological impact and coping strategies of frontline medical staff in Hunan between January and March 2020 during the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19) in Hubei, China. Med Sci Monit. 2020;26:e924171. doi: 10.12659/MSM.924171.
  • 7. Greenberg N, Docherty M, Gnanapragasam S, Wessely S. Managing mental health challenges faced by healthcare workers during covid-19 pandemic. BMJ. 2020;368:m1211. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m1211.
  • 8. Morley G, Ives J, Bradbury-Jones C, Irvine F. What is ‘moral distress’? A narrative synthesis of the literature. Nurs Ethics. 2019;26(3):646-62. doi: 10.1177/0969733017724354.
  • 9. Huang JZ, Han MF, Luo TD, Ren AK, Zhou XP. Mental health survey of 230 medical staff in a tertiary infectious disease hospital for COVID-19. Chinese journal of industrial hygiene and occupational diseases. 2020. 38: E001-E001. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20200219-00063
  • 10. Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Network Open. 2020;3(3):e203976. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976.
  • 11. Ghasempour M, Purabdollah M. Necessity of Attention to Mental Health of the Front Line Nurses against COVID-19: A Forgotten Requirement. International Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery. 2020. http://ijcbnm.sums.ac.ir/article_46528_1ee7785829ae046c2d3d41573dc2380d.pdf
  • 12. Santarone K, McKenney M, Elkbuli A. Preserving mental health and resilience in frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19. Am J Emerg Med. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.030
  • 13. Ehrlich H, McKenney M, Elkbuli A. Protecting our healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Am J Emerg Med. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.024
  • 14. Roelen CA, van Hoffen MF, Waage S, Schaufeli WB, Twisk JW, Bjorvatn B, et al. Psychosocial work environment and mental health-related long-term sickness absence among nurses. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2018;91(2):195-203. doi.org/10.1007/s00420-017-1268-1
  • 15. Maridor M, Ruch S, Bangerter A, Emery V. Skepticism toward emerging infectious diseases and influenza vaccination intentions in nurses. J Health Commun. 2017;22(5):386-394. doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2017.1296509
  • 16. Yan YE, Turale S, Stone T, Petrini M. Disaster nursing skills, knowledge and attitudes required in earthquake relief: Implications for nursing education. Int Nurs Rev. 2015;62(3):351-359. doi: 10.1111/inr.12175.
  • 17. Cheung T, Fong TK, Bressington D. COVID‐19 under the SARS Cloud: Mental Health Nursing during the Pandemic in Hong Kong. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2020. doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12639
  • 18. Pisa N. Dramatic pic of exhausted coronavirus nurse collapsed on her desk captures Italy’s gruelling battle against killer bug. The Sun. 2020. https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/11139511/coronavirus‐italy‐nurse‐exhausted‐collapsed‐desk/
  • 19. Liu Z, Han B, Jiang R, Huang Y, Ma C, Wen J, et al. Mental health status of doctors and nurses during COVID-19 epidemic in China. 2020. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3551329
  • 20. Liang Y, Chen M, Zheng X, Liu J. Screening for Chinese medical staff mental health by SDS and SAS during the outbreak of COVID-19. J Psychosom Res. 2020;133:110102. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110102.
  • 21. Cole-King A, Dykes L. Wellbeing for HCWs during COVID19 [Internet]. 2020 [Erişim Tarihi 7 Mayıs 2020]. Erişim adresi: https://www.lindadykes.org/covid19
  • 22. Karmakar R. Guidelines for stress management. Psychology and Behavioral Science. 2017;3:https://juniperpublishers.com/pbsij/pdf/PBSIJ.MS.ID.555607.pdf
  • 23. Jun J, Tucker S, Melnyk B. Clinician mental health and well‐being during global healthcare crises: evidence learned from prior epidemics for COVID‐19 Pandemic. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs. 2020. doi: 10.1111/wvn.12439.
  • 24. Wu G, Fang X, Wu L, Lu L, Kan X, Wang H, et al. Analysis on mental health status and needs of health care workers in designated medical institutions of tuberculosis during the epidemic period of COVID-19. 2020. Europe PMC. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-22402/v1
  • 25. Figley CR. Compassion fatigue: Coping with secondary traumatic stres disorder in those who treat the traumatized. New York: Brunner-Mazel; 1995.
  • 26. Figley CR. Compassion fatigue: psychotherapists' chronic lack of self care. J Clin Psychol. 2002;58:1433-41. doi: 10.1002/jclp.10090
  • 27. Hamilton M. Compasssion fatigue: What school counsellors should know about secondary traumatic stres. The Alberta Counsellor. 2008;30(1):9-21.
  • 28. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Tips For Disaster Responders: Preventing and Managing Stress [Internet]. 2020 [Erişim Tarihi 6 Mayıs 2020]. Erişim adresi: https://store.samhsa.gov/product/Preventing-and-Managing-Stress/SMA14-4873
  • 29. van Mol MM, Kompanje EJ, Benoit DD, Bakker J, Nijkamp MD. The prevalence of compassion fatigue and burnout among healthcare professionals in intensive care units: A systematic review. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0136955. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136955
  • 30. American Nurses Association 2019. Fact sheet: Nursing shortage. [Erişim Tarihi: 05 Mayıs 2020]. Erişim adresi: https://www.aacnnursing.org/Portals/42/News/Factsheets/Nursing‐Shortage‐Factsheet.pdf
  • 31. Alharbi J, Jackson D, Usher K. The potential for COVID‐19 to contribute to compassion fatigue in critical care nurses. J Clin Nurs.2020. doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15314
  • 32. Jackson D, Bradbury‐Jones, C, Baptiste, D, Gelling L, Morin K, Neville S, et al. Life in the pandemic: some reflections on nursing in the context of COVID‐19. J Clin Nurs. 2020. doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15257
  • 33. Young Hee Y, Jong Kyung K. A literature review of compassion fatigue in nursing. Korean J Adult Nurs. 2012;24:38-51.
  • 34. Hiçdurmaz D, İnci F. Eşduyum yorgunluğu: Tanımı, nedenleri ve önlenmesi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 2015; 7(3):295-303. doi:10.5455/cap.20141128113430
  • 35. Chen Q, Liang M, Li Y, Guo J, Fei D, Wang, L, et al. Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7:e15-e16. doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30078-X
  • 36. Books C, Coody LC, Kauffman R, Abraham S. Night shift work and its health effects on nurses. Health Care Manag. 2017;36(4):347–353. doi: 10.1097/HCM.0000000000000177
  • 37. Melnyk BM, Orsolini L, Tan A, Arslanian‐Engoren C, Melkus GDE, Dunbar‐jacob J, Rice VH, et al. A national study links nurses’ physical and mental health to medical errors and perceived worksite wellness. J Occup Environ Med. 2018;60(2):126–131. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001198
  • 38. Melnyk BM, Kelly SA, Stephens J, Dhakal K, McGovern, C, Tucker S, et al. Interventions to Improve Mental Health, Well-Being, Physical Health, and Lifestyle Behaviors in Physicians and Nurses: A Systematic Review. Am J Health Promot. 2020. doi.org/10.1177/0890117120920451
  • 39. Sampson M, Melnyk B, Hoying J. The MINDBODYSTRONG Intervention for New Nurse Residents: 6‐Month Effects on Mental Health Outcomes, Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors, and Job Satisfaction. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs. 2019. doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12411
  • 40. Mukhtar PS. Mental Wellbeing of Nursing Staff during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cultural Perspective. J Emerg Nurs. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2020.04.003
  • 41. Dall’Ora C, Ball J, Redfern O, Recio‐Saucedo A, Maruotti A, Meredith P et al. Are long nursing shifts on hospital wards associated with sickness absence? A longitudinal retrospective observational study. J Nurs Manag. 2019;27:19-26. doi: 10.1111/jonm.12643
  • 42. Bridges J, Nicholson C, Maben J, Pope C, Flatley M, Wilkinson C et al. Capacity for care: meta-ethnography of acute care nurses' experiences of the nurse-patient relationship. J Adv Nurs. 2013;69(4):760-72. doi: 10.1111/jan.12050.
  • 43. Groves J. Team Time: Reflecting together on the Covid crisis. Point of Care Foundation blog [Internet]. 2020 [Erişim Tarihi 7 Mayıs 2020]. Erişim adresi: https://www.pointofcarefoundation.org.uk/blog/team-time-reflecting-together-on-the-covid-crisis/
  • 44. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). NIOSH Fact Sheet: The Buddy System [Internet]. 2020 [Erişim Tarihi 7 Mayıs 2020]. Erişim adresi: https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/pdf/buddy-system.pdf
  • 45. Billings J, Kember T, Greene T, Grey N, El-Leithy S, Lee D et al. Guidance for planners of the psychological response to stress experienced by hospital staff associated with COVID: early interventions [Internet]. 2020 [Erişim Tarihi 7 Mayıs 2020]. Erişim adresi: https://www.aomrc.org.uk/wpcontent/uploads/2020/03/Guidance-for-planners-of-the-psychological-response-to-stress-experienced-by-HCWs-COVID-trauma-response-workinggroup.pdf
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Duygu Hiçdurmaz Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-0576-3168

Yeter Sinem Üzar-özçetin Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-3744-1398

Yayımlanma Tarihi 9 Ağustos 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Mayıs 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 7 Sayı: Özel Sayı

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Hiçdurmaz D, Üzar-özçetin YS. COVID-19 Pandemisinde Ön Safta Çalışan Hemşirelerin Ruhsal Sağlığının Korunması ve Ruhsal Travmanın Önlenmesi. HUHEMFAD. 2020;7(Özel Sayı):1-7.

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https://doi.org/10.26453/otjhs.888006