Review
Review: Roles of human serum albumin in prediction, diagnoses and treatment of COVID-19

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.095Get rights and content

Abstract

The severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) keeps on destroying normal social integrity worldwide, bringing about extraordinary medical services, cultural and financial interruption. Individuals with diabetes have been demonstrated to be at higher risk of complications and even death when exposed to SARS-CoV-2. Regardless of pandemic scale infection, there is presently limited comprehension on the potential impact of SARS-CoV-2 on individuals with diabetes. Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant circulating plasma protein in human serum and attracted more interest from researchers because most susceptible to non-enzymatic glycation reactions. Albumin down-regulates the expression of ACE2 that is the target receptor of COVID-19. Hypoalbuminemia, coagulopathy, and vascular disease have been connected in COVID-19 and appear to predict outcomes independent of age and morbidity. This review discusses the most recent evidence that the ACE/ACE2 ratio could influence by human serum albumin both the susceptibility of individuals to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the outcome of the COVID-19 disease.

Abbreviations

ACE
angiotensin (Ang)-converting enzyme
ACE2
angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2
ARB
angiotensin receptor blockers
ARDS
acute respiratory distress syndrome
COVID-19
coronavirus disease 2019
CVD
cardiovascular diseases
DM
diabetes mellitus
EGCG
epigallocatechin gallate
HMA
human mercaptalbumin
HNA
human non-mercaptalbumin
HSA
human serum albumin
ROS
reactive oxygen species
SARSCoV-2
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

Keywords

Diabetes
Human serum albumin
Hypoalbuminemia
COVID-19

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