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2022, Academia Letters
Despite the importance of the informal food economy in fulfilling the daily and weekly food needs of a large proportion of South Africa’s low-income population, it appears little research exists on the exact nature of the relationship between the informal food economy and food security. This paper performed the first qualitative systematic review of research from South Africa that addresses both these aspects. The methods used in the review are described in detail, to increase the readers’ ability to assess the reliability of subsequent findings and analysis. Findings confirmed the low level of research focus on the informal food economy (and food security), in particular the stages of the value chain beyond the farm gate and before the consumer. Food safety research is common, although applied narrowly and with mixed findings. The conceptualisation of nutrition research is encouragingly wide, encompassing both over- and under-nutrition, but does not seem to consider the broader urban informal context in which consumers are embedded. Lastly, the research approaches used are predominately quantitative, and the voices of those who survive within the informal food economy are largely absent.
Frontiers in Public Health
Loss of Livelihood, Wages, and Employment During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Selected Districts of Chhattisgarh in India, and Its Impact on Food Insecurity and Hunger2022 •
BMC Public Health
Food insecurity and health outcome nexus: empirical evidence from the informal sector enterprises in BangladeshBackground Food insecurity indicates the difficulty of constantly obtaining adequate food because of limited economic resources. Food insecurity challenges the desired health outcomes. Although extensive literature has examined the associations between food security and health, low-wage informal sector workers have been less frequently addressed in this topic. The present study has focused on food insecurity among the workers working in the informal sector enterprises who experienced entrenched disadvantage during COVID-19 and examines the relationship between food insecurity and health status as measured by self-reported physical and mental health conditions. Methods This study has utilized cross-sectional data collected from workers working in informal manufacturing and business enterprises in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. The Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) with eight items is used to screen for food insecurity, and the Short Form 12v2 (SF12v2) scale with 12 questions, and va...
1997 •
IAEME PUBLICATION
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION OF INFORMAL WORKERS – A STUDY AMONG INFORMAL WORKERS IN THE DISTRICT OF DIBRUGARH2020 •
The unprecedented outbreak of Covid-19 has crippled nations across the globe. It has posed a major threat to the lives and livelihood of millions of people especially in developing countries like India. The restrictions and closures as a response to contain the spread of the disease have resulted in disruption in economic activities. In the entire process, the informal sector has to encounter a severe crisis. With the loss of income earning sources, the future and survival of informal workers has become largely uncertain. Apart from helplessness, there emerges a tendency to switch to some other profession just to have some temporary earnings to finance their livelihood. Exhaustion of savings, dependence on borrowings and lack of credibility to return have left the informal workers financially anxious. Although some initiatives have been introduced by the Government, they are not as adequate as compared to the misfortune of these workers. Hence, designing some specific strategies to strengthen the socio-economic state of informal workers is a necessity in the current scenario. This paper attempts to study the recent dilemma of the informal labourers, based on responses received from some workers in this arena.
An emerging body of research suggests acute levels of food insecurity in urban informal areas (See Naicker et al 2015; Crush & Caesar 2014; Rudolph et al 2012; Battersby 2011; Frayne et al 2009; de Wet et al 2008). Simultaneously, available research indicates substantial reliance on the informal economy to satisfy daily/weekly food needs of urban informal residents (See Crush & Frayne 2011; Battersby 2011; Frayne et al 2009). Nevertheless, the food security contribution of the informal food economy on the margins of South Africa’s cities, particularly of street-foods, is poorly conceived and supported. By systematically reviewing the contemporary literature (2009-2014), this research maps out the present state of knowledge about the informal food economy and its contribution to food (in)security. It explores the illusive nature of the ‘invisible crisis’ of urban food insecurity and what is known about the role played by the informal economy in this regard. Building on the results and gaps from the systematic review, fieldwork findings – in the form of in-depth immersive ‘apprenticeships’ with two street-food traders in Khayelitsha township – are then presented and discussed. The findings reveal an informal economy that trades not only in food commodities but also in the provision of other socially invaluable services: of kinship, reciprocity, tradition and nostalgia. Contrary to mainstream theories, traders were neither forced into the informal economy, nor do they wish to formalise. Food security literature was found to focus on techno-scientific food-centric perspectives of the informal economy, which, while valuable, is largely divorced from the lived realities, means and concerns of workers in the informal food economy. The thesis concludes that, in the absence of human-centred, trader-centric accounts of the informal food economy, there is little prospect for appropriate prescriptions and successful interventions.
2021 •
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, India implemented a stringent nationwide lockdown. Although food value chains and allied activities were exempted from the lockdown, there were widespread disruptions in food access and availability. Using two panel-datasets, we distinguish the pandemic's impact on non-staples versus staples in relation to household food availability and women’s diet diversity at the national, state, and district levels in four economically backward districts of Uttar Pradesh (Maharajganj), Bihar (Munger), and Odisha (Kandhamal and Kalahandi). Both the primary and secondary data indicate a decline in household food expenditures and women’s dietary diversity in May 2020 compared to May 2019, particularly for non-staples like meats, eggs, vegetables and fruits. This occurred despite special PDS, direct benefit transfer, and ration from aanganwadis rations reaching 80%, 50%, and 30% of surveyed households, respectively. While national and state-level expenditur...
2016 •
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