Kulak Burun Boğaz Hekimliği Açısından COVID-19 Salgını

Oğuz Kadir Eğilmez; Mahmut Sinan Yılmaz

doi:10.34084/bshr.724587

Derleme

COVID-19 Outbreak in Terms of Otorhinolaryngology

Yıl 2020, COVID-19 Özel Sayı, 140 - 146, 30.04.2020

Oğuz Kadir Eğilmez Mahmut Sinan Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.34084/bshr.724587

Cited By: 4

Öz

New coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious zoonosis that occurs by SARS-CoV-2 and spreads from person to person with respiratory secretions. In this disease, which is declared a public health emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO), health workers represent 3.8% to 20% of the infected population; 15% will develop serious complaints, and most will probably die among them. The absence of obvious signs and symptoms (fever / breathing) in most patients poses a real risk for surgeons. Therefore, they should apply respiratory protective strategies when evaluating all patients. All interventions with the potential to aerosolize aerodynamic secretions should be avoided or used only when mandatory. The procedures described are necessary to try to protect the safety of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak. In particular, Otorhinolaryngology specialists, head and neck and maxillofacial surgeons are exposed to the greatest risk of infection when responding to COVID-19 positive patients, and their protection should be considered a priority in current situations. In this review, the risks that otorhinolaryngologist may encounter in the COVID-19 pandemic, precautions related to them and some important symptoms that may occur in the course of this disease will be discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, Otorhinolaryngology, Anosmia, Ageusia

Kaynakça

1. Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. 2020; 579(7798): 270-273.
2. Johns Hopkins University & Medicine. Coronavirus resource center. 2020; https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/. Accessed April 15, 2020.
3. Gorbalenya AE, Baker SC, Baric RS, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: the species and its viruses - a statement of the Coronavirus Study Group. bioRxiv. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.07.937862
4. Chan JYK, Wong EWY, Lam W. Practical Aspects of Otolaryngologic Clinical Services During the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Epidemic: An Experience in Hong Kong. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020. doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2020.0488
5. Liu Y, Gayle AA, Wilder-Smith A, et al. The reproductive number of COVID-19 is higher compared to SARS coronavirus. J Travel Med. 2020; 27(2). pii: taaa021. doi: 10.1093/jtm/taaa021.
6. Li JO, Lam DSC, Chen Y, et al. Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): The importance of recognising possible early ocular manifestation and using protective eyewear. Br J Ophthalmol. 2020; 104(3): 297-298.
7. van Doremalen N, Bushmaker T, Morris DH, et al. Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARSCoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(16): 1564-1567. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2004973.
8. Liu Y, Eggo RM, Kucharski AJ. Secondary attack rate and superspreading events for SARSCoV-2. Lancet. 2020; 395(10227): e47.
9. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
10. Mao L, Wang M, Chen S, et al. Neurological manifestations of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective case series. medRxiv. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.22.20026500
11. Hopkins C, Kumar N. Loss of sense of smell as a marker of COVID-19 infection. 2020; https://www.entuk.org/loss-sense-smell-marker-covid-19-infection. Accessed March 21, 2020.
12. Lauer SA, Grantz KH, Bi Q, et al. The Incubation Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) From Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases: Estimation and Application. Ann Intern Med. 2020.
13. Bai Y, Yao L, Wei T, et al. Presumed Asymptomatic Carrier Transmission of COVID-19. JAMA. 2020.
14. Meng L, Hua F, Bian Z. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emerging and Future Challenges for Dental and Oral Medicine. J Dent Res. 2020: 22034520914246.doi:10.1177/0022034520914246
15. Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and Important Lessons from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA. 2020.doi:10.1001/jama.2020.2648
16. Wang J, Zhou M, Liu F. Exploring the reasons for healthcare workers infected with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. J Hosp Infect. 2020. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2020.03.002
17. Remuzzi A, Remuzzi G. COVID-19 and Italy: what next? Lancet. 2020. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30627-9
18. Koh D. Occupational risks for COVID-19 infection. Occup Med (Lond). 2020; 70: 3-5.doi:10.1093/occmed/kqaa036
19. Ran L, Chen X, Wang Y, et al. Risk Factors of Healthcare Workers with Corona Virus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Designated Hospital of Wuhan in China. Clin Infect Dis. 2020. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa287
20. Lai THT, Tang EWH, Chau SKY, et al. Stepping up infection control measures in ophthalmology during the novel coronavirus outbreak: an experience from Hong Kong. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2020. doi:10.1007/s00417-020-04641-8
21. https://www.entnet.org/content/aao-hns-anosmia-hyposmia-and-dysgeusia-symptoms-coronavirus-disease
22. Patel Z, Fernandez-Miranda J, Hwang P, et al. Precautions for endoscopic transnasal skull base surgeryduring the covid-19 pandemic. 2020 24 March. Available from: https://www.entnet.org/sites/default/files/uploads/covid 19_endosb_lettertoeditor_neurosurgery_update3.23.20.pdf
23. Rimmer A. Covid-19: What's the current advice for UK doctors? BMJ. 2020; 368:m978.doi:10.1136/bmj.m978
24. Schwartz J, King CC, Yen MY. Protecting Health Care Workers during the COVID-19 Coronavirus Outbreak -Lessons from Taiwan's SARS response. Clin Infect Dis. 2020. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa255
25. Ng K, Poon BH, Kiat Puar TH, et al. COVID-19 and the Risk to Health Care Workers: A Case Report. Ann Intern Med. 2020. doi:10.7326/L20-0175
26. Maxwell DN, Perl TM, Cutrell JB. "The Art of War" in the Era of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Clin Infect Dis. 2020. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa229
27. Li T. Diagnosis and clinical management of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: an operational recommendation of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (V2.0). Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020; 9: 582-585. doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1735265
28. Huh S. How to train the health personnel for protecting themselves from novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection during their patient or suspected case care. J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2020; 17: 10.doi:10.3352/jeehp.2020.17.10
29. Asmundson GJG, Taylor S. How health anxiety influences responses to viral outbreaks like COVID-19: What all decision-makers, health authorities, and health care professionals need to know. J Anxiety Disord. 2020; 71: 102211.doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102211
30. Ioannidis JPA. Coronavirus disease 2019: the harms of exaggerated information and non-evidence-based measures. Eur J Clin Invest. 2020:e13222.doi:10.1111/eci.13222
31. Vukkadala N, Qian ZJ, Holsinger FC, et al. COVID-19 and the otolaryngologist - preliminary evidence-based review. Laryngoscope. 2020 Mar 26. doi: 10.1002/lary.28672. [Epub ahead of print]
32. https://www.kbb.org.tr/menu/saglik-profesyonellericin-110
33. Lu D, Wang H, Yu R, et al. Integrated infection control strategy to minimize nosocomial infection of corona virus disease 2019 among ENT healthcare workers. J Hosp Infect. 2020. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2020.02.018
34. Tay JK, Khoo ML, Loh WS. Surgical Considerations for Tracheostomy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned From the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2020.0764. [Epub ahead of print]
35. Pichi B, Mazzola F, Bonsembiante A, et al. CORONA-steps for tracheotomy in COVID-19 patients: A staff-safe method for airway management. Oral Oncol. 2020; 105:104682. doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104682. [Epub ahead of print]
36. Suzuki M, Saito K, Min WP, et al. Identification of viruses in patients with postviral olfactory dysfunction. Laryngoscope. 2007; 117(2): 272–277
37. van Riel D, Verdijk R, Kuiken T. The olfactory nerve: a shortcut for influenza and other viral diseases into the central nervous system. J Pathol. 2015; 235(2): 277–287. https ://doi.org/10.1002/path.4461
38. Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba CM, De Siati DR, et al. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020. doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-05965-1. [Epub ahead of print]
39. Soler ZM, Patel ZM, Turner JH, Holbrook EH. A primer on viral-associated olfactory loss in the era of COVID-19. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2020. doi:10.1002/alr.22578. [Epub ahead of print]

Kulak Burun Boğaz Hekimliği Açısından COVID-19 Salgını

Yıl 2020, COVID-19 Özel Sayı, 140 - 146, 30.04.2020

Oğuz Kadir Eğilmez Mahmut Sinan Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.34084/bshr.724587

Cited By: 4

Öz

Yeni koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 (COVID-19), SARS-CoV-2 tarafından meydana gelen ve solunum salgıları ile insandan insana yayılan oldukça bulaşıcı bir zoonozdur. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) tarafından halk sağlığı acil durumu olarak ilan edilen bu hastalıkta sağlık çalışanları enfekte nüfusun %3.8 ila %20'sini temsil eder; %15'i ciddi şikayetler geliştirecek ve muhtemelen aralarında çoğu hayatını kaybedecektir. Çoğu hastada belirgin belirti ve semptomların (ateş/solunum) olmaması cerrahlar için gerçek bir risk oluşturur. Bu nedenle tüm hastaları değerlendirirken solunum koruyucu stratejiler uygulamalıdırlar. Aerodinamik salgıları aerosol haline getirme potansiyeline sahip tüm müdahalelerden kaçınılmalıdır veya sadece zorunlu olduğunda kullanılmalıdır. Açıklanan prosedürler, COVID-19 salgını sırasında sağlık çalışanlarının güvenliğini korumaya çalışmak için gereklidir. Özellikle, Kulak Burun Boğaz (KBB) uzmanları, baş ve boyun ve maksillofasiyal cerrahlar, COVID-19 pozitif hastalara müdahale ederken en büyük enfeksiyon riskine maruz kalmaktadırlar ve bunların korunması mevcut durumlarda bir öncelik olarak düşünülmelidir. Bu derlemede COVID-19 pandemisinde KBB hekimlerinin karşılaşabileceği riskler, bunlarla ilgili önlemler ve bu hastalığın seyrinde ortaya çıkabilen bazı önemli semptomlar üzerinde durulacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, Kulak Burun Boğaz, anosmi, agezi

Kaynakça

1. Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. 2020; 579(7798): 270-273.
2. Johns Hopkins University & Medicine. Coronavirus resource center. 2020; https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/. Accessed April 15, 2020.
3. Gorbalenya AE, Baker SC, Baric RS, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: the species and its viruses - a statement of the Coronavirus Study Group. bioRxiv. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.07.937862
4. Chan JYK, Wong EWY, Lam W. Practical Aspects of Otolaryngologic Clinical Services During the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Epidemic: An Experience in Hong Kong. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020. doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2020.0488
5. Liu Y, Gayle AA, Wilder-Smith A, et al. The reproductive number of COVID-19 is higher compared to SARS coronavirus. J Travel Med. 2020; 27(2). pii: taaa021. doi: 10.1093/jtm/taaa021.
6. Li JO, Lam DSC, Chen Y, et al. Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): The importance of recognising possible early ocular manifestation and using protective eyewear. Br J Ophthalmol. 2020; 104(3): 297-298.
7. van Doremalen N, Bushmaker T, Morris DH, et al. Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARSCoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(16): 1564-1567. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2004973.
8. Liu Y, Eggo RM, Kucharski AJ. Secondary attack rate and superspreading events for SARSCoV-2. Lancet. 2020; 395(10227): e47.
9. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
10. Mao L, Wang M, Chen S, et al. Neurological manifestations of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective case series. medRxiv. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.22.20026500
11. Hopkins C, Kumar N. Loss of sense of smell as a marker of COVID-19 infection. 2020; https://www.entuk.org/loss-sense-smell-marker-covid-19-infection. Accessed March 21, 2020.
12. Lauer SA, Grantz KH, Bi Q, et al. The Incubation Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) From Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases: Estimation and Application. Ann Intern Med. 2020.
13. Bai Y, Yao L, Wei T, et al. Presumed Asymptomatic Carrier Transmission of COVID-19. JAMA. 2020.
14. Meng L, Hua F, Bian Z. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emerging and Future Challenges for Dental and Oral Medicine. J Dent Res. 2020: 22034520914246.doi:10.1177/0022034520914246
15. Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and Important Lessons from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA. 2020.doi:10.1001/jama.2020.2648
16. Wang J, Zhou M, Liu F. Exploring the reasons for healthcare workers infected with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. J Hosp Infect. 2020. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2020.03.002
17. Remuzzi A, Remuzzi G. COVID-19 and Italy: what next? Lancet. 2020. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30627-9
18. Koh D. Occupational risks for COVID-19 infection. Occup Med (Lond). 2020; 70: 3-5.doi:10.1093/occmed/kqaa036
19. Ran L, Chen X, Wang Y, et al. Risk Factors of Healthcare Workers with Corona Virus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Designated Hospital of Wuhan in China. Clin Infect Dis. 2020. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa287
20. Lai THT, Tang EWH, Chau SKY, et al. Stepping up infection control measures in ophthalmology during the novel coronavirus outbreak: an experience from Hong Kong. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2020. doi:10.1007/s00417-020-04641-8
21. https://www.entnet.org/content/aao-hns-anosmia-hyposmia-and-dysgeusia-symptoms-coronavirus-disease
22. Patel Z, Fernandez-Miranda J, Hwang P, et al. Precautions for endoscopic transnasal skull base surgeryduring the covid-19 pandemic. 2020 24 March. Available from: https://www.entnet.org/sites/default/files/uploads/covid 19_endosb_lettertoeditor_neurosurgery_update3.23.20.pdf
23. Rimmer A. Covid-19: What's the current advice for UK doctors? BMJ. 2020; 368:m978.doi:10.1136/bmj.m978
24. Schwartz J, King CC, Yen MY. Protecting Health Care Workers during the COVID-19 Coronavirus Outbreak -Lessons from Taiwan's SARS response. Clin Infect Dis. 2020. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa255
25. Ng K, Poon BH, Kiat Puar TH, et al. COVID-19 and the Risk to Health Care Workers: A Case Report. Ann Intern Med. 2020. doi:10.7326/L20-0175
26. Maxwell DN, Perl TM, Cutrell JB. "The Art of War" in the Era of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Clin Infect Dis. 2020. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa229
27. Li T. Diagnosis and clinical management of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: an operational recommendation of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (V2.0). Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020; 9: 582-585. doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1735265
28. Huh S. How to train the health personnel for protecting themselves from novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection during their patient or suspected case care. J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2020; 17: 10.doi:10.3352/jeehp.2020.17.10
29. Asmundson GJG, Taylor S. How health anxiety influences responses to viral outbreaks like COVID-19: What all decision-makers, health authorities, and health care professionals need to know. J Anxiety Disord. 2020; 71: 102211.doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102211
30. Ioannidis JPA. Coronavirus disease 2019: the harms of exaggerated information and non-evidence-based measures. Eur J Clin Invest. 2020:e13222.doi:10.1111/eci.13222
31. Vukkadala N, Qian ZJ, Holsinger FC, et al. COVID-19 and the otolaryngologist - preliminary evidence-based review. Laryngoscope. 2020 Mar 26. doi: 10.1002/lary.28672. [Epub ahead of print]
32. https://www.kbb.org.tr/menu/saglik-profesyonellericin-110
33. Lu D, Wang H, Yu R, et al. Integrated infection control strategy to minimize nosocomial infection of corona virus disease 2019 among ENT healthcare workers. J Hosp Infect. 2020. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2020.02.018
34. Tay JK, Khoo ML, Loh WS. Surgical Considerations for Tracheostomy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned From the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2020.0764. [Epub ahead of print]
35. Pichi B, Mazzola F, Bonsembiante A, et al. CORONA-steps for tracheotomy in COVID-19 patients: A staff-safe method for airway management. Oral Oncol. 2020; 105:104682. doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104682. [Epub ahead of print]
36. Suzuki M, Saito K, Min WP, et al. Identification of viruses in patients with postviral olfactory dysfunction. Laryngoscope. 2007; 117(2): 272–277
37. van Riel D, Verdijk R, Kuiken T. The olfactory nerve: a shortcut for influenza and other viral diseases into the central nervous system. J Pathol. 2015; 235(2): 277–287. https ://doi.org/10.1002/path.4461
38. Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba CM, De Siati DR, et al. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020. doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-05965-1. [Epub ahead of print]
39. Soler ZM, Patel ZM, Turner JH, Holbrook EH. A primer on viral-associated olfactory loss in the era of COVID-19. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2020. doi:10.1002/alr.22578. [Epub ahead of print]

Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Konular	Halk Sağlığı, Çevre Sağlığı, Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm	Derleme
Yazarlar	Oğuz Kadir Eğilmez 0000-0001-9623-9152 Mahmut Sinan Yılmaz Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-5323-0059
Yayımlanma Tarihi	30 Nisan 2020
Kabul Tarihi	25 Nisan 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2020 COVID-19 Özel Sayı

Kaynak Göster

AMA	Eğilmez OK, Yılmaz MS. Kulak Burun Boğaz Hekimliği Açısından COVID-19 Salgını. J Biotechnol and Strategic Health Res. Nisan 2020;4:140-146. doi:10.34084/bshr.724587

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The Relationship between COVID-19 Phobia and Health Cognitions and Psychosocial Factors

İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi

https://doi.org/10.61399/ikcusbfd.1341672

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COVID-19’UN GAZETE HABERLERİNE YANSIMASI: BİR GAZETE ÖRNEĞİ

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https://doi.org/10.35375/sayod.976413

Makale Dosyaları

Tam Metin

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