Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History

.: RESEARCH
Türkiye'de COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Sağlık Etiği: Söylem Analizi
Health Ethics in the COVID-19 Pandemic Period in Türkiye: A Discourse Analysis
Şükrü KELEŞa, Bilge TUNCELb, Selçuk AKTURANb
aKaradeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Tıp Tarihi ve Etik ABD, Trabzon, Türkiye
bKaradeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Tıp Eğitimi ABD, Trabzon, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2022;30(2):123-31
doi: 10.5336/mdethic.2021-86754
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Pandemi özelliği gösteren salgın bir hastalık, istisnai bir dönemi işaret eder. Karar vermeyi zorlayıcı koşullarda sağlık etiği açısından doğru bir etik değerlendirme yapabilmek, salgın ile ortaya çıkan değer sorunlarının fark edilmesi ile mümkündür. Günümüzde koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)] pandemisi, tüm dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de toplumsal pek çok yapıyı etkilemeye devam etmektedir. Salgınla mücadelede alınan olağanüstü önlemler yayımlanan kılavuzlar, hazırlanan afişler, görsel ve işitsel araçlar ile resmî metinler üzerinden takip edilebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de salgının etkisini azaltmaya yönelik yürürlüğe giren uygulamaların hangi etik değerleri koruduğunu ya da harcadığını incelemek, alınan önlemlerin değersel anlam içeriği hakkında bilgi üretmek amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında 11 Mart 2020-1 Ekim 2021 tarihleri arasında Türkiye'de Sağlık Bakanlığı tarafından hazırlanan COVID-19 pandemisi ile yazılı belgeler, işitsel ve görsel kaynaklar, niteliksel araştırma yöntemleri arasında yer alan eleştirel söylem analizine tabi tutulmuş ve tematik açıdan değerlendirilmiştir. Ulaşılan kaynaklarla sınırlı kalarak topluma, sağlık çalışanlarına ve sağlık kurumlarına yönelik yapılan hazırlıklar, 'toplum sağlığı ve kamusal iyi', 'şeffaflık ve bilginin açıklanması', 'iş sağlığı ve güvenliği' ve 'zorunlu bildirim' bağlamlarında ele alınmış ve sağlık etiği açısından eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla yorumlanmıştır. Pandemi gibi zorlayıcı koşullarda pek çok neden, sağlık alanında değer çatışmalarının yaşanmasına yol açabilir; amaç, en az bedelle en çok değer koruyan eyleme karar verilmesi olarak belirlenebilir. Ancak böylesi bir durumda ödenen bedelin etik açıdan haklı çıkarılabileceği savunulabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: COVID-19; sağlık etiği; söylem analizi
ABSTRACT
An outbreak with the characteristics of a pandemic indicates an exceptional period. Making an accurate, ethical assessment of health ethics in challenging circumstances is only possible by recognizing the value problems that have emerged with the pandemic. Nowadays, the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to impact numerous social structures in our country as well as across the world. Extraordinary measures taken in the struggle against the pandemic can be followed from published guidelines, prepared posters, visual and audio tools, and official texts. The study, it is aimed to investigate which ethical values protect or deteriorate the practices that came into force to reduce the impact of the pandemic in Türkiye and produce information about the value content of the measures taken. Within the scope of the study, written documents, audio, and visual sources prepared related to the COVID-19 pandemic by the Ministry of Health in Türkiye between March 11, 2020 and October 1, 2021 were determined and the sources were subjected to critical discourse analysis, which is one of the qualitative research methods, and evaluated thematically. By being limited to the resources obtained, the preparations for the society, healthcare staff, and health institutions were discussed in the contexts of 'public health and common good', 'transparency and disclosure', 'occupational health and safety' and 'mandatory reporting' and interpreted from a critical point of view in terms of health ethics. In exceptional circumstances such as the pandemic, various reasons can lead to value conflicts; the aim can be determined by deciding on the action that preserves the most value for the least cost. Only in such a case can it be argued that the price paid can be ethically justified.

Keywords: COVID-19; health ethics; discourse analysis
REFERENCES:
  1. Oğuz NY, Tepe H, Büken NÖ, Kuçur DK. Biyoetik Terimleri Sözlüğü. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Felsefe Kurumu; 2005.
  2. The New Oxford Dictionary for Scientific Writers and Editors [İnternet]. © 2009 Oxford University Press [Erişim tarihi: 16 Mayıs 2022]. Pandemic. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  3. Russell CJ, Webster RG. The genesis of a pandemic influenza virus. Cell. 2005;123(3):368-71. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  4. Hu D, Liu B, Feng L, Ding P, Guo X, Wang M, et al. Origins of the current seventh cholera pandemic. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016;113(48):E7730-E9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  5. Rezaeetalab F, Mozdourian M, Amini M, Javidarabshahi Z, Akbari F. COVID-19: a new virus as a potential rapidly spreading in the worldwide. Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Medicine. 2020;8(1):563-4. [Link] 
  6. World Health Organization [İnternet]. © 2022 WHO [Erişim tarihi: 18 Ekim 2021]. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  7. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 Enfeksiyonu) Genel Bilgiler, Epidemiyoloji ve Tanı. 2020. Erişim tarihi: 18 Ekim 2021. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  8. COVID-19 Data Portal Turkey [İnternet]. [Erişim tarihi: 18 Ekim 2021]. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  9. Poole DN, Escudero DJ, Gostin LO, Leblang D, Talbot EA. Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in complex humanitarian crises. Int J Equity Health. 2020;19(1):41. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  10. Ashton J. The pandemic of coronavirus: tackling the latest plague. J R Soc Med. 2020;113(3):123-4. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  11. Kramer JB, Brown DE, Kopar PK. Ethics in the time of coronavirus: recommendations in the COVID-19 pandemic. J Am Coll Surg. 2020;230(6):1114-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  12. Maeckelberghe E. COVID-19: opportunities for public health ethics? J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2021;51(S1):S47-S52. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  13. Khoo EJ, Lantos JD. Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. Acta Paediatr. 2020;109(7):1323-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  14. Üstün Ç, Özçiftçi S. COVID-19 pandemisinin sosyal yaşam ve etik düzlem üzerine etkileri: bir değerlendirme çalışması [Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on social life and ethical plane: an evaluation study]. Anatol Clin. 2020;25(1):142-53. [Crossref] 
  15. Çobanoğlu N. Bireysel, profesyonel, toplumsal, bilimsel ve siyasal etiği yeniden sorgulatan COVID-19 pandemisi [Ethics of individual, professional, social, scientific and politic is questioned by COVID-19 pandemi]. Anatol Clin. 2020;25(1):36-42. [Crossref] 
  16. Şehrialtı M, Koçer Tulgar Y. COVID-19 pandemisinde yaşanan sorunların adalet ve özerklik kavramları açısından değerlendirilmesi. Demirhan Erdemir A, editör. COVID-19 Pandemisi ve Etik. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2021. p.45-50.
  17. Beauchamp TL, Walters L. Contemporary Issues in Bioethics. 6th ed. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth; 2003.
  18. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet. 2020;395:912-20. [Crossref] 
  19. Güçlü A, Uzun E, Uzun S, Yolsal Ü. Felsefe Sözlüğü. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Bilim Sanat Yayınları; 2002.
  20. Machin D, Mayr A. How to do Critical Discourse Analysis a Multimodal Introduction. 1st ed. London: Sage; 2012.
  21. Holden ACL. Exploring the evolution of a dental code of ethics: a critical discourse analysis. BMC Med Ethics. 2020;21(1):45. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  22. Lindseth A, Norberg A. A phenomenological hermeneutical method for researching lived experience. Scand J Caring Sci. 2004;18(2):145-53. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  23. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı [İnternet]. Copyright © 2022 T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı [Erişim tarihi: 18 Ekim 2021]. COVID-19 Bilgilendirme Platformu. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  24. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Salgın Yönetimi ve Çalışma Rehberi. [Erişim tarihi: 18 Ekim 2021]. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  25. Hasting Center [İnternet]. [Erişim tarihi: 23 Aralık 2021]. Ethical Framework for Health Care Institutions & Guidelines for Institutional Ethics Services Responding to the Coronavirus Pandemic. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  26. Bish A, Michie S. Demographic and attitudinal determinants of protective behaviours during a pandemic: a review. Br J Health Psychol. 2010;15(Pt 4):797-824. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  27. Diekema DS. Pediatrics, public health issues. In: Stephen G, ed. Post Encyclopedia of Bioethics. 3rd ed. New York: Macmillan; 2003. p.2020-2.
  28. Aslım G, Tekindal MA. COVID-19 pandemisinin çeşitli etik yönleri ve veri analitiği üzerine bir değerlendirme [An evaluation of the various ethical aspects and data analytics of the COVID-19 pandemic]. Turk J Diab Obes. 2021;2:226-32. [Crossref] 
  29. Aslan D, Örnek Büken N, İlhan B. Yeni koronavirüs hastalığı (Covid-19) deneyimi üzerinden pandemilerin yönetimine ı̇lişkin değerlendirmeler [Perspective on management of the pandemics based on the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) experience]. Sağlık ve Toplum. 2020(Özel Sayı):94-7. [Link] 
  30. Türk Tabipleri Birliği [İnternet]. [Erişim tarihi: 18 Ekim 2021]. TTB'den COVID-19 pandemisinde 3. ay değerlendirmesi: "Vakalar hafifledi" açıklamalarını hayretle izliyoruz! Erişim linki: [Link] 
  31. Levenstein C. Occupational safety and health. In: Stephen G, ed. Post Encyclopedia of Bioethics. 3rd ed. New York: Macmillan; 2003. p.1920-5.
  32. Türe MG, Türe O. Hekimin hizmetten çekilme hakkı [Physician's right to refuse treatment]. TTB Dergisi. 2017;295-346. [Link] 
  33. Civaner M. Hekimin bulaşıcı hastalık taşıyan hastaya sağlık hizmeti sunma ödevi: nereye kadar? [Phyician's duty to provide care to the ınfected patient: where is the limit]. Türkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2007;15(3):166-75. [Link] 
  34. Türk Tabipleri Birliği [İnternet]. [Erişim tarihi: 23 Aralık 2021]. Sağlık çalışanında Covid-19 tanısı iş kazası veya meslek hastalığıdır. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  35. Ak T, Çobanoğlu N. Ölümcül olabilen bulaşıcı hastalıkların iç güvenlik açısından yönetimi [Management of deadly infectious diseases in terms of homeland security]. Global Savunma. Erişim tarihi: 24 Aralık 2021. Erişim linki: [Link] 

.: Up To Date

Login



Contact


Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com